Diatom and thecamoebian signatures of Red River (Manitoba and North Dakota) floods: Data collected from the 1997 and 1999 spring freshets

Overbank deposits that aggraded during the severe and moderate Red River, Manitoba and North Dakota floods of 1997 and 1999 were examined to characterize the typical diatom and thecamoebian flood assemblages. The deposits contain diatom assemblages dominated by Nitzschia spp., Stephanodiscus spp. and Navicula spp. as well as large quantities of Hantzschia amphioxys, Luticola imbricata and L. mutica and lesser amounts of Aulacoseira italica, A. granulata, A. ambigua, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Amphora montana and Synedra ulna. Samples collected from the Red River in late summer are dominated by the plankton Cyclotella atomus, species of Stephanodiscus, Cyclostephanos sp. 1 (cf. delicatus), Cyclotella meneghiniana, Nitzschia reversa and Nitzschia acicularis. Late summer, floodplain lake plankton are dominated by Fragilaria capucina, Cocconeis placentula, Stephanodiscus parvus/minutulus and Cyclotella atomus. Red River thecamoebian flood assemblages are dominated by Cyclopyxis spp., with lesser amounts of Centropyxis aculeata and Arcella vulgaris. Late summer water samples from the Red River contain very few thecamoebian remains. The majority of the taxa present are Centropyxis aculeata, Arcella vulgaris and Cyclopyxis spp. Floodplain lakes are dominated by benthic thecamoebians, especially Difflugia oblonga and Cucurbitella tricuspis, a eutrophic indicator. The results of this baseline study suggest that diatom and thecamoebian assemblages can characterize flood deposits, within floodplain lake basins, during both very high and moderately high flood years, and that these assemblages are inherently different from those typically found in lakes along the Red River.     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Books reviewed in this aritcle: Africa South of the Sahara. A. T. Grove . Africa's Lamds and Nations. Lucile Carlson . Africa—A New Geographical Survey. A. B. Mountjoy and C. B. Embleton . China: Ageless Land and Countless People. Chiao -Min Hsieh . China: Emerging World Power. Victor P. Petrov . Canada's Changing Geography. R. Louis Gentilcore (ed.) The Southeastern Ulzited States. John Eraser Hart . The Northeastern United States. Lewis M. Alexander . North America: A Geography of Canada and the United States. J. H. Paterson . The lndus Rivers: A Study of the Effects of Partition. Aloys A. Michel . The Drama of Fiji: A Contempordry History. John Wesley Coulter . Cripple Creek. Robert Guilford Taylor . Future Environments of North America. F. Fraser Darling and John P. Milton (eds.). General Geography Introduction to Geography. Henry M. Kendall , Robert M. Glendinning , and Clifford H. Macfadden . A Question of Place: The Development of Geographic Thought. Eric Fischer , Robert Campbell and Elden Miller . Compass of Geography. Jan O. M. Broek . Travel and Exploration Lieutenant Zagoskin's Travels in Russian America, 1842–1844. Henry N. Michael (ed.). One Chilly Siberian Morning. Douglas Botting . Physical Geography General Physical Geography. Pierre Birot . Plants, Animals, and Man in the Outer Leeward Islands, West Indies. David R. Harris . Man's Influence on the Vegetatiola of Barbados, 1627 to 1800. David Watts . Water Research. Allen V. Kneese and Stephen C. Smith (eds.). Geology and Geornorphology of the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Northern Uruguay. Patrick J. V. Delaney . Problems of Weather Forecasting Ferdinand Steinhauser (ed.). Introductiom a la Geomorphologie Climatique. J. Tricart and A. Cailleux . Physical Geograflhy: Selected Readings. Fred E. Dohrs and Lawrence M. Sommers (eds.). Statistics Quantitative Geography, Part I: Economic and Cultural Topics. W. L. Garrison and D. F. Marble (eds.). Mathematics in the Social Sciences and Other Essays. Richard Stone . Economic Geography Geography and Economics. Michael Chisholm . Geography of Manufacturing. Gunnar Alexandersson . New Viewpoints in Economic Geography: Case Studies from Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, North America. J. Rutherford , M. I. Logan , G. J. Missen . Essays on Commodity Flows and Spatial Structure of the Indian Economy. Brian J. L. Berry . Shifting Cultivation in Southeastern Asia. J. E. Spencer . Economics of Outdoor Recreation. Marion Clawson and Jack L. Knetsch . Settlement and Urban Geography Die Auszuirkungen eines Eisenbahnknotenpunktes auf die geographische Strukture einer Siedlung-am speziellen Beispiel con Lehrte und ein Vergleich mit Bebra und Olten/Schweiz. Werner Mikus . City and Village in Iran: Settlement and Economy in the Kirman Basin. Paul Ward English . Japanese Colonization in Eastern Paraguay. Norman R. Stewart . Les Transports Parisiens. Pierre Merlin . Geography of Market Centers and Retail Distribution. Brian J. L. Berry . Urban Land-Use in Hong Kong and Kowloon. Part I: Tsim-Sha Tsui District. Chi -Sen Liang . Greater London: An Industrial Geography. J. E. Martin . The American City. Raymond E. Murphy . The Internal Structure of Retail Nucleations. Barry J. Garner . Planning for a Nation of Cities. Sam Bass Warner , Jr ., (ed.). Metropolis on the Moue. Jean Gottmann and Robert A. Harper (eds.) Geography of Population Geography of Population. J. Beaujeu -Garnier . Political Geography Systematic Political Geography. Harm J. de Blij . The Northern Tier: Afghatzistan, Iran, and Turkey. Rouhollah K. Ramazini . A Dictionary of Geography: Definitions and Exfilunutiotzs of Ternzs used in Physical Geografihy. W. G. Moore . Physical Naster Plan of the Jerusalem-Ashdod Region. E. Efrat A Catalogue of Latin American Flat Maps, 1926–1964. Palmyra V. M. Monteiro . Atlas of North Carolina. Richard E. Lonsdale . J. Russell Smith: Geographer, Educator, and Conservationist. Virginia M. Rowley . The Geographer's Craft. T. W. Freeman . Geography and History Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture In Western Thoaght From Ancient Times to The End of The Eighteenth Century. Clarence J. Glacken Social and Cultural Geography Languages, Territories and Names of California Indian Tribes. Robert E. Hexer .     

Fractal dimension and fractal growth of urbanized areas

Based on a box-accounting fractal dimension algorithm (BCFD) and a unique procedure of data processing, this paper computes planar fractal dimensions of 20 large US cities along with their surrounding urbanized areas. The results show that the value range of planar urban fractal dimension (D) is 1< D <2, with D for the largest city, New York City, and the smallest city, Omaha being 1.7014 and 1.2778 respectively. The estimated urban fractal dimensions are then regressed to the total urbanized areas, Log (C), and total urban population, Log (POP), with log-linear functions. In general, the linear functions can produce good-fits for Log (C) vs. D and Log (POP) vs. in terms of R₂ values. The observation that cities may have virtually the same D or Log(C) value but quite disparate population sizes indicates that D itself says little about the specific orientation and configuration of an urban form and is not a good measure of urban population density. This paper also explores fractal dimension and fractal growth of Baltimore, MD for the 200-year span from 1792–1992. The results show that Baltimore's D also satisfies the inequality 1< D <2, with D =1.0157 in 1822 and D =1.7221 in 1992. D =0.6641 for Baltimore in 1792 is an exception due mainly to its relatively small urban image with respect to pixel size. While D always increases with Log (C) over the years, it is not always positively correlated to urban population, Log(POP).     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Virginia in Our Century. Jean Gottmann . Regional Analysis. L. Needleman (ed.) Readings in Canadian Geography. Robert M. Irving (ed.) Imperial Texas: An Interpretive Essay in Czdturak Geography. Donald W. Meinig Portugal and Brazil in Transition. Raymond S. Sayers (ed.) Germany: An Introductory Geografihy. Thomas H. Elkins Nigeria. William Schwarz Urbanization of art African Community: Voluntary Associations in Bamako. Claude Meillassoux Filzland. W. R. Mead Statistical Analysis in Geography. Leslie J. King Climate and Agriculture: An Ecological Survey. Jen -Hu Chang The Hydrologic Cycle and the Wisdom of God: A Theme in Geoteleology. Yi -Fu Tuan Grasslands of the Monsoon. R. 0. WHYTE World Mipation in Modern Times. Franklin D. Scott (ed.) Humart Migration: A Guide to Migrant Literature in English, 1955-1962. J. J. Mangalam Mexico's Natural Gas: The Beginning of an Industry. Fredda Jean Bullard Conservation in the United States. Richard M. Highsmith , Jr ., J. Granville Jensen , and Robert D. Rudd The Urban Neighborhood: A Sociological Perspective. Suzanne Keller The Immigrant Upraised: Italian Adventurers and Colonists in an Expanding America. Andrew F. Rolle A History of the Vikings. Gwyn Jones Methods of Geographic Instruction. John W. Morris (ed.) Virginia Place Nmes: Derivations, Historical Uses. Raus Mc Dill Hanson     

THESES TITLES

The Arctic Bibliography

Struggle for Africa

English Topographic Terms in Florida, 1563–1874

Culture Worlds

Economic Statistics of Texas 1900–1952

Water Requirements Survey, Red River Basin, Texas

Geography from the Air

The Columbus Atlas

Map of Caribbean Oil

Oil in the Soviet Union

Goode's World Atlas

Regional Atlas

World Resource Statistics     

植被恢复方式对黄土丘陵区土壤理化性质及微生物特性的影响

对甘肃省定西市黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复方式下的土壤水分、pH、有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、碱解氮（AN）、全磷（TP）、速效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）及微生物生物量、呼吸速率、呼吸熵（qCO₂）以及微生物熵（q_MB）进行了测定与分析。结果表明：不同植被恢复方式下,土壤pH值变化差异不显著（p>0.05）;0~20 cm土SOC、TN、AN、TP、AP、微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量氮（SMBN）含量及微生物呼吸速率（MR）均为天然植被（CL）下最高,AK为自然恢复（Q）方式下最高,qCO₂与q_MB在人工重建+自然恢复（RZ）方式下最高;20~40 cm土壤的SOC、TN、AN、TP、AP含量变化同0~20 cm,AK、SMBC、SMBN、 q_MB及MR在RZ方式下最高;40~60 cm土壤的SOC、TN、AN、AP及TP含量在CL方式下最高,SMBC、SMBN、 q_MB及MR在RZ方式下最高,AK、 qCO₂在Q方式下最高。相同植被恢复方式下,随土层深度增加,SOC、TN、AN、TP、AP、AK、SMBC、SMBN含量及q_MB、MR均逐渐降低,但qCO₂逐渐升高（除RZ方式）。不同植被恢复方式,SOC、TN、AN、SMBC、SMBN、q_MB、MR及qCO₂之间存在不同程度的相关性。     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Latin America. Preston E. James

The Anglo-American Realm. Otis P. Starkey and J. Lewis Robinson

Southwest Pacific: A Geography of Australia, New Zealand and their Pacific Island Neighbours. Kenneth B. Cumberland

The Figure of the Earth. Tom B. Jones

Elementary Photogrammetry. D. R. Crone

Manual of Color Aerial Photography. John T. Smith, JR. (ed.)

The Geomorphology of Beach Ridges in Tabasco, Mexico. Norbert P. Psuty

Princifiles of Geomorphology. William D. Thornbury

Geographic Reconnassiance of Seashore Vegetation Along the Mexican Gulf Coast. Jonathan Sauer

Guide to Store Location Research, with Emphasis on Super Markets. William Applebaum and others, edited by Curt Kornblau

Store Location Strategy Cases. William Applebaum

Regional Economics. Hugh 0. Nourse

An Introduction to Economic Geography. Arthur H. Doerr

Location Theory. Martin Beckmann

Economic Cooperation in Latin America, Africa and Asia: a Handbook of Documents. Miguel S. Wionczek (ed.)

Locational Analysis for Manuafacturing. Gerald J. Karaska and David F. Bramhall (eds.)

Southern Africa and the United States. William A. Hance (ed.) with Leo Kuper, Vernon McKay, and Edwin S. Munger

Geography and Regional Administration: England and Wales: 1870-1968. T. W. Freeman

The Stzldy of Urban History. H. J. Dyos (ed.)

K?benhavn. Et Bysamfunds Saerpr?g og Udvikling Gennem Tiderne. Steen Eiler Rasmussen

Hyderabad-Secunderabad (Twin Cities): A Study in Urban Geography. Shah Manzoor Alam

Geographic Studies of Urban Transportation and Network Analysis. Frank Horton (ed.)

Historical Atlas of New Mexico. Warren A. Beck and Ynez D. Haase

Aldine University Atlas. Norton Ginsburg, Harold Fullard, and H. C. Darby (eds.)     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Geography: Factors and Cortcepts. C.Langdon White , George T. Renner , and Henry J. Warman . Australia. 0. H. K. Spate . Frederick A. Praeger Canada's North. R. A. J . Phillips The Arctic Frontier. R. St . J . Macdonald (ed.) Arctic and Alpine Enuironments. H. E.Wright , Jr . and W. H. Osburn (ed.) An Economic Geography of East Pakistan. Nafis Ahmad Louisiana, Its Land and People. Fred B. Kniffen . Colombia: Social Structure and the Process of Development. T. Lynn Smith . The North Central United States. Wallace E. Akin . D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, N.J. The United States and World Resources. Donald J. Patton . D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, N.J. Geological Evolution of North America. Thomas H. Clark and Colin W. Stearn . Desert and River in Nubia. Karl W. Butzer and Carl L. Hansen . Ground Water Hydvotogy for Water Well Drilling Contractors. Jon L. Rau . Mikroklimatologie: Mikroklima der bodennuhen Atmosphäre (Microclimatology). Denes Berenyi . An Introduction to Climate. Glenn T. Trewartha . 4th ed. The Geography of Evolution: Collected Essays. George Gaylord Simpson . Human Influences on the Zoogeography of Panama. Charles F. Bennett . Graphical Rational Patterns: A New Approach to Graphical Presentation of statistics. Roberto Bachi . Essays In Political Geography. Charles A. Fisher (ed.) Indian Place Names: Their Origin, Evolution, and Meanings, Collected in Kansas from the Siouan, Algonquian, Shoshoneatz, Caddoan, Iroquoian and Other Tongues. John Rydjord . The Macmillun Bible Atlas. Yohanan Aharoni and Michael Avi -Yonah . Urban Geography: An Introductory Analysis. James H. Johnson . Urban Geogrephy. J. Beaujeu -Garnier and G. Chabot . Rural Settlement and Land Use: An Essay in Location. Michael Chisholm . Bayreuth und sein Verflechtungsbereich, Wirtschafts- und sozialgeographische Entwicklung in der neueren Zeit. Wolfgang Taubmann . Forschungen zur Deutschen Lndeskunde Service Centers and Consumer Trips: Studies on the Philadelphia Metropolitan Fringe. John E. Brush and Howard L. Gauthier , Jr .     

NEW PUBLICATIONS

Erich W. Zimmerman's Introduction to World Resources. Henry L. Hunker (ed.). The Geologic Systems: The Quaternary. Volume 1, Kalervo Rankama (ed.). Warriors of the Colorado: The Yumas of the Quechan Nation amd Their Neighbors. Jack D. Forbes Land and Society in New Zealand: Essays in Historical Geography. R. F. Watters (ed.). Climates of the U.S.S.R., A. A. Borisov . Fundamentals of Geography. Earl B. Shaw . Exploration of Alaska 1865–1900. Morgan B. Sherwood . Exploring Earth Environments. E. Willard Miller and George Langdon . Introductory College Geography. Paul F. Griffin and Ronald L. Chatham . Die Grenzen des Iraq (The Boundaries of Iraq). Ulrich Gehrke and Gustav Kuhn . All Things Common: The Hutterian Way of Life. Victor Peters . The Vinland Map and the Tartar Relation. R. A. Skelton , Thomas E. Marston , and George D. Painter . The Modern Encyclopedia of Australia and New Zealand. Victor S. Barnes (ed.) Geography: Its Scope and Spirit. Jan O. M. Broek . Atlas of Michigan. Earl J. Senninger , Jr . Natural Resources for U.S. Growth: A Look Ahead to the Year 2000. Hans H. Landsberg A Prologue to Population Geography. Wilbur Zelinsky . The Towns of Wales: A Study of Urban Geography. Harold Carter . Algeria's Infrastructure: An Economic Survey of Transportation, Communication, and Energy Resources. John C. Pawera . Danmarks Kulturgeografi. Viggo Hansen . Areas of Economic Stress in Canada. W. D. Wood and R. S. Thoman (eds.). Oklahoma Place Names. George H. Shirk . Thoreau as World Traveler. John Aldrich Christie . Chemical Oceunography, Vol. I. J. P. Riley and G. Skirrow (eds.). The United States and the Middle East. Georgiana G. Stevens (ed.). Population Geography. John I. Clarke . The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. Esther Boserup . Antarctica. Trevor Hatherton (ed.). National Growth and Economic Change in the Upper Midwest. James M. Henderson and Anne O. Krueger . The Mineral Resources of Africa. Nicolas De Kun . Mineral Resources of South-Central Africa. R. A. Pelletier . Aymara Communities and the Bolivian Agrarian Reform. William E. Carter . African Primary Products & International Trade. I. G. Stewartand H. W. Ord (eds.). Waikna; Adventures on the Mosquito Shore. Samuel A. Bard (Ephraim G. Squier). Narrative of Voyages and Excursions on the East Coast and in the Interior of Central America… Orlando W. Roberts . The Geography of Soil. Brian T. Bunting . The Chicago-Milwaukee Corridor: A Geographic Study of Inter-Metropolitan Coalescence. Irvin Cutler . Urbanization in West Africa: A Review of Current Literature. Ruth P. Simms . The World Book Encyclopedia. Robert O. Zeleny (ed.).     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

The World From Above. Aerial photographs selected by Hanns Reich . Introduction and text by Oto Bihaljimerin ; other texts by Rudolf Braunberg and Klaus Völger Geography: A Study of Its Elements. Quentin H. Stanford and Warren Moran Land and Population Movements in Kenya. S. H. Ominde British Hondwas. Algar Robert Gregg Danmark. Gyldendals Egnsbeskrivelse. Bind 1, Bornholm med Ertholmene. Bent Rying (ed.) Elements of California Geogrrophy. Robert W. Durrenberger The Surface of the Earth. Arthur L. Bloom Invention of the Meteorological Instruments. W. E. K. Middleton Weather and Health: An Introduction to Biometeorology. H. E. Landsberg Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause. P. S. Martin and H. E. Wright Jr ., (eds.) Quaternary Paleoecology. E . J. Cushing and H. E. Wright , Jr . (eds.) The Demography of Tropical Africa. William Brass , Ansley J. Coale , Paul Demeny , Don F. Heisel , Frank Lorimer , Anatole Romaniuk , and Etienne VAN de Walle The Population of Tropical Africa. J. C. Caldwell and C. Okonjo (eds.) Population and Political Systems in Tropical Africa. Robert F. Stevenson The Latin American Farmer. John A. Hopkins Political Geography. Paul Buckholts Cultural Geography : An Evolutionary Introduction to Our Humanized Earth. J. E. Spencer and William L. Thomas with cartography by Robert E. Winter The Nature of Nomadism: A Comparative Study of Pastoral Migrations in Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa. Douglas L. Johnson House Form and Culture. Amos Rapoport lnterdisciplinary Relationships in the Social Sciences. Muzafer Sherif and Carolyn W. Sherif (eds.)     

New Publications

Advances in Earth Science. P. M. Hurley (ed.). Climates of the World aed their Agricultural Potentialities. J(uan ) Papadakis . Rebuilding Cities. Percy Johnson Marshall . The Alliance for Progress: Key t o Latin America's Development. J. Warren Nystrom and Nathan A. Haverstock . Market Potential and Economic Shadow. D. Michael Ray . Soils, An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Roy L. Donahue . Guide to Russian Reference Books: Volume 11: History, Historical Sciences, Ethnography, Geography. Karol Maichel , (ed.) J. S. G. Simmons . Middle America: Its Lands and Peoples. Robert C. West and John P. Augelli . California's Many Climates. Ernest L. Felton . The Soviet Union, People and Regions. David Hooson . Planning in the Soviet Union. Philippe J. Bernard . Translated by I. Nove . Human Nature in Geography. John K. Wright . Military Geography. Louis C. Peltier and G. Etzel Pearcy . The Philififiines: Nation of Islands. Alden Cutshall . The Journals Of ZebuLon Montgomery Pibe with Letters and Related Documents. Donald Jackson (ed.). The Sabi Valley Irrigation Projects. Wolf Roder . How to Identify Old Maps and Globes. Raymond Lister . The Seigneurial System in Early Canada: A Geographical Study. Richard Colebrook Harris . North Atlantic Arena: Water Transport in the World Order. Charles C. Colby . Continental Drift. G. B. Garland (ed.). Land Use in Sudan. J. H. G. Lebon . Uboma: A Socio-Economic and Nutritional Suruey of a Rural Community in Eastern Nigeria. H. A. Oluwasanmi , I. S. Dema , and others. City and Region. R. E. Dickinson . An Introduction to Geography. Rhoads Murphey . A Reporter in Micronesia. Ely Jacques Kahn Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives Water Management and Floods in the Fraser River Basin. W. R. Derrick Sewell . Human Geografihy. Aime Vincent Perpillou (Tr. by E. D. Laborde ). Dictionary of Geography. Dudley Stamp (ed.). The Roman City of London. Ralph Merrifield . Land Behind Baghdad. Robert Mc C. Adams . The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico. Robert Mc C. Adams . A Preface to Economic Geography. Harold H. Mc Carty and James B. Lindberg . Scandinauian Lands, Roy Millward . The Great American Desert. W. Eugene Hollon . City and Regional Planning in Poland. Jack C. Fisher (ed.). Luftbildatlas Schleswig-Holstein. Christian Degn and Uwe Muuss .     

Book Reviews

Pauline von Bornsdorff and Arto Haapala, eds. Aesthetics in the Human Environment James D. Proctor and David M. Smith, eds. Geography and Ethics: Journeys in a Moral Terrain G. Malcolm Lewis, ed. Cartographic Encounters: Perspectives on Native American Mapmaking and Map Use Richard Symanski, Blackhearts: Ecology in Outback Australia Donald W. Meinig, The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History Peter J. Taylor, Modernities: A Geohistorical Interpretation Keith Harries, Mapping Crime: Principle and Practice Leland T. Saito, Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and Whites in a Los Angeles Suburb Frank McDonald, The Construction of Dublin Lisa M. Benton, The Presidio: From Army Post to National Park Bob R. O'Brien, Our National Parks and the Search for Sustainability Eric Damian Kelly and Barbara Becker Community Planning: An Introduction to the Comprehensive Plan Avinoam Meir As Nomadism Ends: The Israeli Bedouin of the Negev David Pinder, ed. The New Europe: Economy, Society, and Environment R. P. Misra and Kamlesh Misra Million Cities of India: Growth Dynamics, Internal Structure, Quality of Life, and Planning Perspectives. Vol 1     

Determination of grid size for digital terrain modelling in landscape investigations—exemplified by soil moisture distribution at a micro-scale

The central problem of a combined analysis of digital terrain models (DTMs) and other landscape data is determination of a DTM grid size (w) providing a correct study of relationships between topographic variables and landscape properties. Generally, an adequate w is determined by an expert estimate, and solutions are largely subjective. We developed an experimental statistical method to determine an adequate w for DTMs applied to landscape studies. The method includes the following steps: (a) derivation of a DTM set using a series of w_i , (b) performance of a correlation analysis of data on a landscape property and a topographic variable estimated with various w_i , (c) plotting of correlation coefficients obtained versus w, and (d) determination of smoothed plot portions indicating intervals of an adequate w. We applied the method developed to study the ifluence of topography on the spatial distribution of soil moisture (M) at a micro-scale. We investigated the dependence of M on gradient (G), horizontal (k_h ), vertical (k_v ), and mean (H) landsurface curvatures. For DTM derivation, we used 13 values of w_i from 1 to 7m. An interval of adequate w_i for M falls between 2.25 and 3.25m in the given terrain conditions. In absolute magnitudes, correlation coefficients are largest within this interval; correlation coefficients of M with G, k_h , k_v and H are 0.28, 0.52, 0.50 and 0.60, respectively, for w = 3m. The results obtained demonstrate that the method actually works to identify an adequate w at a micro-scale. The method developed allows estimation of an adequate area of landform which realise a topographic control of landscape properties.     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Human Geography, Evolution or Revolution. Michael Chisholm . Geografiens Innhold og Metoder. Arild Holt -Jensen . Geography in Education. Norman J. Graves . Mathematics for Geographers and Planners. A. G. Wilson and M. J. Kirkby . Tropical Soils: Classification, Fertility and Management. F.S.C.P. Kalpage . Global Climate. Keith Boucher . Recreation in the Countryside: A Spatial Analysis. J. T. Coppock and B. S. Duffield . Structure and Properties of a Wilderness Travel Simulator. V. Kerry Smith and John V. Krutilla . In Command of Tomorrow: Resource and Environmental Strategies for Americans. Sterling Brubaker . Environmental Quality: With Emphasis on Urban Problems. J. T. Coppock and C. B. Wilson (eds.). Environmental Impact Assessment. Patrick H. Hefferman and Ruthann Corwin (eds.). Severe Local Storm Hazard in the United States: A Research Assessment. Waltraud A. R. Brinkman . Psychosocial Stress: Population, Environment and Quality of Life. Lennart Levi and Lars Anderson Population and America's Future. Joseph J. Spengler . Migration and Urban Unemployment in Dualistic Economic Development. Donald W. Jones . Situations in Human Geography: A Practical Approach. J. P. Cole . The Yukpa Cultivation System: A Study of Shifting Cultivation in Colombia and Venezuela. Kenneth Ruddle . Our Fragmented World: An Introduction to Political Geography. W. Gordon East and J. R. V. Prescott . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Networks in Russia, 1750–1800, and Premodern Periodization. Gilbert Rozman . Pattern and Process: Research in Historical Geography. Ralph E. Ehrenberg (ed.). Kingston, Jamaica: Urban Growth and Social Change, 1692–1962. Colin G. Clarke . Jews in a Changing Neighborhood: The Study Of Mattapan. Yona Ginsberg . Office Location In Urban And Regional Development. John B. Goddard . Interdependent Development. Harold Brookfield . The Geography of Movement. John C. Lowe and S. Moryadas . The Geography of Economic Systems. Brian J. L. Berry , Edgar C. Conkling , and D. Michael Ray . Elements of Spatial Structure. A Quantitative Approach. A. D. Cliff , P. Haggett , J. K. Ord , K. Bassett and R. Davies . North Carolina Atlas; Portrait of a Changing Southern State. James W. Clay , Douglas M. Orr and Alfred W. Stuart (eds.). Map Librarianship. Harold Nichols . Map Librarianship: Readings. Roman Drazniowsky (comp.). Report of the Federal Mapping Task Force on Mapping, Charting, Geodesy, and Surveying. Office of Management and Budget , Executive Office of the President .     

Book Reviews

Books Reviewed Colbert C. Held, Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics Barbara A. Weightman, Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia Henry J. Bruman, Alcohol in Ancient Mexico Brian W. Blouet, Geopolitics and Globalization in the Twentieth Century M. A. B. Siddique (ed.), International Migration into the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Reginald Appleyard Michael R. Haines and Richard H. Steckel (eds.), A Population History of North America Emilio Moran, Human Adaptability: An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology Jeremy Leggett, The Carbon War: Global Warming and the End of the Oil Era Susan B. Marriott and Jan Alexander (eds.), Floodplains: Interdisciplinary Approaches William S.Logan, Hanoi: Biography of a City Alex Krieger and David Cobb (eds.) with Amy Turner, Mapping Boston Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Carl Abbott, Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest Arthur D. Murphy, Colleen Blanchard and Jennifer A. Hill (eds.), Latino Workers in the Contemporary South Yanek Mieczkowski, The Routledge Historical Atlas of Presidential Elections     

SUGGESTIONS FROM THE AAG PLACEMENT COMMITTEE

Perspective on the Nature of Geography. Richard Hartshorne

The Statesman's Year-Book 1959. Ed. S. H. Steinberg

Microclimatic and Vegetational Studies in a Cold-Wet Deciduous Forest. Philip Ross

Urban Problems and Techniques, Ed. Perry L. Norton

Statistisk Sentralbyra, Bosettningkart over Norge (Settlement Map of Norway

Mapa General de Cuba. Edited by P. Fernandez y Cia

Water for the Future. John R. Stockton, Stanley A. Arbingast, Richard C. Henshaw, Jr., and Alfred G. Dale

America's Natural Resources. Ed. Charles H. Callison

Everydav Meteorology. A. Austin Miller &; M. Parry

Geography of the Soviet Union: Electric Power

Thailand–An Outline. Edwin F. Stanton

Historical Atlas and Gazetteer. A Study of History, Volume XI. Arnold J. Toynbee &; Edward D . Myers

New Viewpoints in Geography. Preston E. James, Ed.

Man In Malaya. B. W. Holler

The Location of the Synthetic-fiber Industry, A Case Study in Regional Analysis. Joseph Airov

General Meteorology. 3rd Ed. Horace R. Byers

Man's Journey Through Time. L. S. Palmer

Anglo-America: A Regional Geography. Earl B. Shaw

Proceedings of IGU Regional Conference in Japan 1957.     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

The World From Above. Aerial photographs selected by Hanns Reich. Introduction and text by Oto Bihaljimerin; other texts by Rudolf Braunberg and Klaus Völger

Geography: A Study of Its Elements. Quentin H. Stanford and Warren Moran

Land and Population Movements in Kenya. S. H. Ominde

British Hondwas. Algar Robert Gregg

Danmark. Gyldendals Egnsbeskrivelse. Bind 1, Bornholm med Ertholmene. Bent Rying (ed.)

Elements of California Geogrrophy. Robert W. Durrenberger

The Surface of the Earth. Arthur L. Bloom

Invention of the Meteorological Instruments. W. E. K. Middleton

Weather and Health: An Introduction to Biometeorology. H. E. Landsberg

Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause. P. S. Martin and H. E. Wright Jr., (eds.)

Quaternary Paleoecology. E . J. Cushing and H. E. Wright, Jr. (eds.)

The Demography of Tropical Africa. William Brass, Ansley J. Coale, Paul Demeny, Don F. Heisel, Frank Lorimer, Anatole Romaniuk, and Etienne VAN de Walle

The Population of Tropical Africa. J. C. Caldwell and C. Okonjo (eds.)

Population and Political Systems in Tropical Africa. Robert F. Stevenson

The Latin American Farmer. John A. Hopkins

Political Geography. Paul Buckholts

Cultural Geography : An Evolutionary Introduction to Our Humanized Earth. J. E. Spencer and William L. Thomas with cartography by Robert E. Winter

The Nature of Nomadism: A Comparative Study of Pastoral Migrations in Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa. Douglas L. Johnson

House Form and Culture. Amos Rapoport

lnterdisciplinary Relationships in the Social Sciences. Muzafer Sherif and Carolyn W. Sherif (eds.)     

International Fellowships and Research Grants

An Anmotated Bibliography on the Origin and Descent of Domestic Mammals 1900–1955. Shimon Angress and Charlfs A. Reed.

A Pre-Cobmbian Crusade To America. Hjalmar R. Holland.

Man's Physical World. Joseph E. Van Riper.

The Future of Alaska: Ecoaomic Consequences of Statehood. George W. Rogers

Early Map of North America. Robert M. Lunny.

Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Resources and Deuelopment, 3d Ed. Richard M. Highsmith, and Jon M. Leverenz

The Ecology of Human Disease. Jacques M. May.

The Ecology of Malnutrition in the Far and Near East. Jacques M. May.

The Economic Development of Tamganyika

Manual of Field Geology. R. R. COMPTON.

Canah and American Economic Develofiment. Carter Goodrich, Julius Ruben, H. Jerome Cranmer, and Harvey H.

Historical Atlas of Religion in America. Edwin Scott Gaustad.

Open Land in Metropolitan Chicago. John J. B. Miller.

Asia: A Regional and Economic Geography. Eleventh edition. L. Dudley Stamp

The Territory of Florida.… John Lee Williams

Africa: its Problems and Prospects. A Biblmgraphzc Suvuey.

Index to Australian Resources Maps of 1940–59.

Theses on Pan American Topics. Frederick E. Kidder and Allen D. Bushong

A Guide to Current Latin American Periodicals. Humanities and Social Sciences. Irene Zimmerman

Magyarorszag Eghajlati Atlasza. J. Kakas

Atoll Environment and Ecology. Herold J. Wiens.

Power in New Zealand: A Geography of Energy Resources in New Zealand. Bryan H. Farrell.

Geographical Conversion Tables. D. H. K. Amiran and A. P. Schick.

Trends in American Living and Outdoor Recreation.

Momtama im Maps. Nicholas Helburn, Melton J. Edie, and Gordon W. Lightfoot.     

Recent Publications

Book Reviewed in this article: GENERAL GEOGRAPHY . All Possible Worlds, a History of Geographical Ideas. Preston E. James . The Conceptual Revolution in Geography. Waynek . D. davies (ed.). Razuitie Geograficheskikb Idey. Anatoli Grigorevich Isachenko . British Pioneers ia Geography. E. W. Gilbert , with a preface by D. J. M. Hooson. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY . Colonialism, Development and lndependence; The Case of the Melatzesian Islands in the South Pacific. H. C. Brookfield . Lath America: Geographical Prospectives. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith (eds.). Economies and Societies in Latin America: A Geographical Interpretation. P. R. Odell and D. A. Preston . PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY . Karst Landforms. Marjorie Sweeting . River Morphology. Stanley A. Schumm (ed.). Polar Geomorphology. R. J. Price and D. E. Sugden (ed.), Climate in Review. Geoffrey Mc BOYLE. Climate: Present, Past and Future. Volume 1, Fundamentals and Climate Now. H. H. Lamb . Oceanography: Contemporary Readings in Ocean Sciences. R. Gordon Pirie . Oceanography, A View of the Earth. M. Grant Gross . MAN AND ENVIRONMENT . The Doomsday Syndrome. John Maddox . ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY . Russian Agriculture: A Geographical Survey. Leslie Symons . Freight Flows and Spatial Aspects of the British Economy. Michael Chisholm and Patrick O'Sullivan . Transport in Transition: The Evolution of Traditional Shipping in China. Koizumi Teizo Regional Development Strategy in Southeast Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia. George W. Hoffman The Geography of Recreation and Leisure. Isobel Cosgrove and Richard Jackson . POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY . India: A Political Geography. B. L. Sukhwal . CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY . The Cultural Geography of the United States. Wilbur Zelinsky . We, The Navigators. David Lewis . SETTLEMENT AND URBAN GEOGRAPHY . The Central Business District. Raymond E. Murphy . Fitzgerald: Geography of a Revolution. William Bunge . Urbanization and Environment: The Physical Geography of the City. Thomas R. Detwyler and Melvin G. Marcus Geographical Perspectives and Urban Problems. The Residential Location and Spatial Behavior of the Elderly. Stephen M. Golant . The Geography of Social Well-Being in the United States. David M. Smith . Urban Systems Development in Central Canada-Selected Papers. L. S. Bourne and R. D. Mackinnon ,(eds.). Safe Places. David and Holly Franke . They Sought a Country: Mennonite Colonization in Mexico. Harryleonard Sawatzky . Rural Geography: An Introductory Survey. Hugh D. Clout . ATLASES . South America. Vol. IV: FAO-UNESCO Soil Map of the World: 1:5,000,000     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY Geography. EDWARD J. TAAPFE (ed.) Network Analysis in Geography. PETER HAGGETT and RICHARD J. CHORLEY. An Introduction to Geography. G. ETZE LPEARCY and GEORGE P. STEVENS. F. E. GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS Systems Simulation for Regional Analysis. H. R. HAMILTON (ed.) Ireland. A. R. ORME Settlement and Encounter. FAY GALE and GRAHAM H. LAWTON(eds.) Eastern Europe: Essays in Geogrgphical Problems. GEORGE W. HOFFMAN (ed.). The Soviet Union. W. H. PARKER. Lundy. A. and M. LANGHAM. The African Experience, Volume I: Essays and Volume 11: Syllabus. JOHN N.PADEN and EDWARD W. SOJA (eds.) BIOGEOGRAPHY A Geography of Plants and Animals. DAVID J. DE LAUBENFELS. POPULATION The Population of Europe: A Geografihicicl Perspective. LESZEK A. KOSINSKI. A Geography of Population and Settlement. MAURICE E. MCGAUGH. Geography and A Crowding World. WILBUR ZELINSKY, LESZEK A. KOSINSKI and R. MANSELL PROTHERO (eds.) ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Geography of Agriculture: Themes in Research. HOWARD F. GREGOR. Spatial Economic Theory. ROBERT D.DEAN, WILLIAM H. LEAHY, and DAVID L. MCKEE (eds.) Urban Economics: Theory, Development and Planning. WILLIAM H. LEAHY, DAVID L. MCKEE, and ROBERT D. DEAN (eds.) Regional Economics: Theory and Practice. DAVID L. MCKEE, ROBERT D. DEAN, and WILLIAM H. LEAHY (eds.) A Geography of Agriculture. JAMES R. ANDERSON. The Agricultural Developmetat of Brazil. Koro: Economic Development md Social Change in Fiji. R. F. WATTERS. Farming Systems of the World. A. N. DUCKHAM and G. B. MASEFIELD. The World Market for Iron Ore. Change in Agriculture. A. H. BUNTING(ed.) Geography, Marketing, and Urban Growth. DONALD F. MULVIHILL and RUTH C. MULVIHILL. La grande migration dété des citadins de France. FRANCOISE CRIBIER. The Agricultural Development of Peru. ARTHUR J. COUTU and RICHARD KING. Land Development and Colonization in Latin America: Brazil's New Agrarian Reform: An Evaluation of Its Property Classification and Tax Systems. ARMIN K. LUDWIG and HARRY W. TAYLOR. Geography and Retailing. PETER SCOTT. A Geography of Industrial Location. E WILLARD MILLER. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY China: Area, Administration, amd Nation Building. JOSEPH B. R. WHITNEY. African Boundary Problems. CARL GOSTA WIDSTRAND (ed.). Tanganyika Under German Rule. JOHN ILIFFE. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY The Ecological Basis for Subsistence Change among the Sandawe of Tanzania. JAMES L. NEWMAN. The Tepehuan of Chihuahua: Their Material Culture. CAMPBELL w. PENNINGTON. Introduction to Cultural Geography. A Study of Man and His Environment. SAMUEL N. DICKEN and FORREST R.PITTS. URBAN GEOGRAPHY The Location of Service Towns: An Approach to the Analysis of Central Place Systems. JOHN U. MARSHALL. Metropolitan Plan Making: An Analysis of Experience with the Prepmation and Evaluation of Alternative Land Use and Transportation Plans. DAVID E. BOYCE, NORMAN D. DAY, and CHRIS MCDONALD. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHYGeographical Interpretations of Historical Sources: Readings in Historical Geography. ALAN R. H. BAKER, JOHN D. The Sugar Hacienda of the Marqueses del Valle. WARD BARRETT. Wirtschaftsfunktion und Sozialstruktur der Wiener Ringstrase (Die Wiener Ringstrasse—Bild einer Epoche. Die Erweiterung der Inneren Stadt Wien unter Kaiser Franz Joseph, Band VI.) BLISABETH LICHTENBERGER. Alexandre de Humboldt: Historien et Geographe de Espmirique Espagnole. CHARLES MINGUET. The Draining of the Somerset Levels. MICHAEL WILLIAMS. The New Cambridge Modern History.Volume XlV, Atlas. H. C. DARBY and HAROLD FULLAND (eds.) Geographical Interpretations of Historical Sources: Readings in Historical Geography. ALAN R. H. BAKER, JOHN D. HAMSHERE, and JOHN LANGTON (eds.). Feeding The Russian Fur Trade: Provisionment of The Okhotsk Seaboard and The Kamchatka Peninsula, 1639–1856. JAMES R. GIBSON. AIDS TO GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY Cuenca del Rio de la Plata. Estudio parasu Planification y Desarrollo. Inuentario de Datos Hidroldgicos y Clinzatoldgicos. Atlas Razuitia Khozaistua i Kul'tury SSSR (Atlas of Economic and Cultural Development of the USSR). Atlas of Mexico. MICHAEL E. BONINE, ROBERT K. HOLZ, CLARK C. GILL, JAMES P. WEILER, and STANLEY A. ARBINGAST. The Analysis of Geographical Data. W.H. THEAKSTONE and C. HARRISON. Place Names of Southwest Peloponnesus. DEMETRIUS J. GEORGACAS and WILLIAM A. MCDONALD. American Place-Names: A Concise and Selective Dictionary for the Continemtal United States of America. GEORGE R.STEWART. The Soil Conservation Service. D. HARPER SIMS. Maps for Books und Theses. A, G.HODGKISS. Landforms and Topographic Maps. WILLIAM B. UPTON, JR.