快速滤波本征模态函数分解中的边界处理

针对快速滤波分解信号为本征模态函数(IMF)所产生的边界效应问题,提出了一种抑制这种边界效应的方法。即利用快速滤波先将原信号分解为本征模态函数,然后在信号内部截取适当的两段分别延拓到原信号两端,经快速滤波得到分解结果后,再截去延拓的部分,保留原信号长度的分解结果。通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度气候模态的分析

利用经验正交函数分解、多元线性回归分析、小波分析和离散功率谱等方法,对太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和ENSO的关系进行研究,发现太平洋海温场中主要存在着PDO和ENSO两种气候模态.用线性回归分析方法对这两种模态进行分离,结果表明,去除ENSO信息后,太平洋海温变化的关键区出现于北太平洋中纬度地区,PDO的信号很明显;而去除PDO信息后,海温变化的关键区位于赤道中、东太平洋地区,ENSO的信号较明显,此时ENSO循环不具有年代际振荡的特征,表明PDO对ENSO的调制作用是ENSO事件具有年代际变化特征的重要原因.     

消除EMD 边界效应的四中点估计方法

为了快速高效地实现信号的本征模态分解,消除分解过程中边界效应,在 Directly-Mean EMD方法的基础上,通过引入左、右待估中点和左、右延拓中点,并根据信号首尾两端各种可能的情况给出了四中点估计公式,建立了可完全消除边界效应的Directly-Mean EMD四中点估计方法。该方法不仅减少了样条插值次数,提高分解速度,而且还可以有效避免因插值节点过于稀疏所产生的大幅波动,使分解结果更加准确。将新方法应用于日长数据序列的本征模态函数分解,得到了满意的分解结果。     

基于EMD的BP神经网络海水温度时间序列预测研究

为提高非线性和非平稳海水温度时间序列的预测能力,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition.简称EMD)的BP神经网络预测方法.该方法首先对原始序列进行经验模态分解,将其分解为多个平稳性得到很大改善的本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF)之和,然后时每个本征模态函数进行预测,最后再根据EMD方法的完备性把预测结果相加得出原始序列的预测结果.预测试验结果表明.基于EMD的BP神经网络预测的精度比单纯用BP神经网络预测有很大提高.     

基于EOF方法的南黄海西岸水位特征

对江苏沿岸2006年1月4日-2007年1月31日28个站位的水位数据使用潮位统计和经验正交函数(EOF)方法进行分析和比较.统计分析得到了各站位的平均潮差、最大潮差、平均潮周期、平均高潮相位差数据.经验正交函数分析结果显示,第1模态与平均潮差吻合较好,包含了水位数据73.7％的信息.前2个模态均为主要半日分潮的信息,为潮汐按相位正交分离的结果;第3模态显示了径流输入变化引起的海面变化信息;之后的数个模态还包含了水位扰动的信息.研究表明,经验正交函数应用于潮汐分析的效果良好,可作为潮汐分析的有效工具,且在扰动检测方面有一定潜力.     

东亚气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征及其对气候可能的影响

本文利用Terra卫星MODIS传感器2000—2011年550nm气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)资料,AERONET东亚站点Angstrom指数资料,以及NCEP/NCAR的2000—2011年位势高度资料,用经验正交函数分解方法(EOF)分析了近12a东亚AOD时空变化特征,同时通过研究AOD与夏季850hPa西太平洋副热带高压的关系,初步分析了AOD对气候可能产生的影响。结果表明,EOF第一模态东亚大部分地区AOD同位相变化,北方振幅最大,越往南振幅越小,17°N以南出现反位相,这在春季最显著。第二模态南北方呈明显反位相,春夏季最显著。进一步分析认为第一模态主要受沙尘气溶胶影响,第二模态主要受工业气溶胶影响。关于东亚AOD对气候可能的影响,通过东亚AOD与西太平洋副热带高压西脊点指数(IW)的相关性分析,发现4月份海上AOD对6月份IW有较明显的2个月超前相关,该相关大致以22.5°N为界,以北呈负相关,以南呈正相关。分析认为这与沙尘气溶胶及炭黑气溶胶的辐射强迫有关。     

主控模态函数及在水位数据分析中的应用

在快速滤波分解信号为最宽带通本征模态函数方法（简称FFDSI方法）的基础上,引入了主控模态函数的概念。将其应用于Chichijima水文站水位信号,从中分解出3个96．93％-主控模态函数,分别代表着不同于调和分潮,且与天体运行规律更加吻合的3种模态潮型。由此可见,主控模态函数在信号分析中的应用价值。     

珠江三角洲近几十年水位变化趋势研究

根据珠江三角洲20个验潮站近几十年来的验潮资料,应用最平滤波器对月均验潮序列进行低通数字滤波,由低通序列一元线性回归分析确定各站的水位变化趋势。应用经验正交函数（EOF）对区域水位变化进行分解,由分解的特征函数来分析区域水位变化的时一空特征,据主要模态的时间特征函数,计算区域水位的平均变化趋势。EOF分解表明,珠江三角洲水位总体呈上升趋势,平均变化率为3.1mm·a-1。     

1985-2005年东海海表温度时空变化特征分析

利用1985-2005年间AVHRR辐射计获取的东海海表温度资料,研究其时空变化特征.1985-2005年间东海海表平均温度总体呈上升趋势.对东海海温距平(SSTA)进行经验正交函数(EOF)分解,得到其2个主要变化模态,EOF1占总方差变化的34.8％,主要变化周期为3～5 a,表示1985-2005年中东海绝大部分...     

珠江三角洲近几十年水位变化趋势研究

根据珠江三角洲２０个验潮站近几十年来的验潮资料,应用最平滤波器对月均验潮序列进行低通数字滤波,由低通序列一元线性回归分析确定各站的水位变化趋势。应用经验正交函数（ＥＯＦ）对区域水位变化进行分解,由分解的特征函数来分析区域水位变化的时－空特征,据主要模态的时间特征函数,计算区域水位的平均变化趋势。ＥＯＦ分解表明,珠江三角洲水位总体呈上升趋势,平均变化率为３．１ｍｍ·ａ＾－１。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.