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川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源 总被引:86,自引:6,他引:86
基于“活动块体”的基本概念,综合历史地表破裂型地震的空间分布、主干活动断裂和次级活动断裂的展布特征等,川滇地区可划分出4个一级块体:马尔康块体(Ⅰ)、川滇菱形块体(Ⅱ)、保山-普洱块体(Ⅲ)和密支那-西盟块体(Ⅳ)等;受次级北东向断裂的切割,川滇菱形块体(Ⅱ)可进一步划分为川西北(Ⅱ_1)和滇中(Ⅱ_2)2个次级块体,保山-普洱块体(Ⅲ)包括保山、景谷和勐腊等3个次级块体(Ⅲ_1,Ⅲ_2,Ⅲ_3)。通过断错地貌学的定量研究,厘定了川滇地区各级块体主干边界活动断裂的基本类型和长期滑动速率值;运用矢量分析的方法确定了块体的运动状态,并讨论了变形协调性问题,指出川滇地区各级块体运动是平移、转动和隆升等3种基本运动的复合或叠加,其中马尔康块体、川西北和滇中两个次级块体南东向或南南东向平移速率1~5mm/a,顺时针转动角速率1.4~4°/Ma,隆升速率1mm/a左右;保山-普洱和密支那-西盟两块体也发生过大规模的顺时针转动.它们是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞、印度板块北移引起板块边缘或内部变形局部化和差异运动的应交响应。由于存在横向活动逆断裂带对东向或南东向平移分量的吸收和转换,青藏高原物质的向东逃逸量或挤出量是有限的,为“叠瓦状道冲转换-有限挤出模型”。 相似文献
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位于南北地震带中北段的甘东南地区,其构造变形和构造活动特征与青藏高原向北东方向的扩展密切相关,该地区复杂的构造几何形态主要受控于东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂,区域新构造运动主要动力来源于青藏高原向北东的扩展.近年来,甘东南地区中强地震频发,本文主要通过对该地区构造活动特征、历史地震等资料的综合分析讨论,结合地球物理、地震学和野外调查等资料,认为青藏高原东北部东昆仑断裂的向北挤压和向东的运动是该地区构造应力集中的主要原因,也是该地区中强地震的主要孕震环境和机制,而西秦岭北缘断裂的走滑及向南北两侧逆冲“花状构造”是临潭—宕昌断裂带上中强地震频繁发生的一个重要动力因素.2013年7月22日发生在甘肃岷县—漳县的MS6.6级地震正好位于临潭—宕昌断裂带中东段上,是该断裂分段不均匀活动的结果. 相似文献
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内部张剪切断层与强震发生的构造部位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
几个发生在较大规模拉分区附近的强震或特大地震震中区的构造分析表明:拉分区内部张剪切断层与新活动幅度大的次级走滑断层的交汇部位是强震或特大地震的发生场所。据库仑破裂准则及实验结果,对内部张剪切断层的力学成因机制进行了分析,认为内部张剪切断层是次级走滑断层所夹持的块体在简单剪切作用下,块体内部发育的里氏破裂。并从统计、地质方面的研究结果提出了内部张剪切断层的形成条件。 相似文献
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本文以构造沉积学资料为依据,论述了中国东南部的古构造格局及构造演化,并根据基底构造格局和板块运动方式,提出了中国东南部中生代岩浆活动与大陆碰撞有内在联系的成因机制论,并认为岩浆活动的时空演化及岩浆系列与板块碰撞的方式和时序密切相关. 相似文献
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1994-1995年初日本列岛及中国东南沿海发生一组大地震,其中包括引起重大破坏的阪神大地震。从地震横向迁移角度对这些大地震集中发生对大陆地震的影响进行了分析。大震引起的应变波动传播速度馒、周期长、能量大、影响距离和深度大,其波峰可能触发地震。据Bott和Dean的非弹性介质应变波运动方程解释了从海沟到内陆的大震迁移,指出1918年以来迁移序列目前对山西地震带及贺兰山地震带有影响;1994-1995年的地震序列在2020年左右将对渤海──郯庐断裂产生影响,2030年左右对华北平原产生影响;目前可能激发广东、福建沿海发生中等地震。 相似文献
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东南沿海地震区的现代构造应力场 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
根据断层面的最新错动方向,震源机制解和地壳形变等资料,研究了东南沿海地区的现代构造应力场,结果表明:本区构造应力场可大致划分为两个分区:长乐-诏安断裂带以东地区主压应力轴为近东西向;以西地区的主压应力轴近南北向。 相似文献
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兰州地区活动构造的基本特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
兰州地区发育了NWW向和NWW向2组主导性活动构造带。大致以河口为界,东部地区主要为NWW向的马衔山-兴隆山左旋逆走滑活动断裂系,其新活动明显,是区内的主要控震断裂,1125年兰州7级地震就发生在其中的马衔山北缘断裂带的西端。河口以西为拉脊山北缘断裂和庄浪河断裂等1组NWW向的弧形逆冲断褶带,变形方式以断裂扩展褶皱为主,其新活动可能导致了138年金城-陇西63/4级地震、1440年永登61/4级地震和1995年永登5.8级地震的发生。兰州市区所在的兰州盆地则夹持在上述2组活动构造之间,其内同样发育了NWW向和NWW向的次级断裂,如刘家堡断裂、金城关断裂、雷坛河断裂及深沟桥断裂等,其上具有孕育和发生中强震的构造条件。 相似文献
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研究了东南沿海地震带地震与太阳活动的关系,结果表明,58.3%的M≥6.0级地震都发生在太阳活动峰年后的1~4年;应用周期图分析方法外推得出,1997年为下一个太阳活动峰年。根据东南沿海地震带地震在太阳活动周期的位相分布规律,指出1998~2001年该带有发生M≥6.0级地震的可能。研究表明,广东及其邻近地区地震与太阳活动的关系较为密切,规律亦较为明显。 相似文献
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MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE 下载免费PDF全文
YUAN Dao-yang FENG Jian-gang ZHENG Wen-jun LIU Xing-wang GE Wei-peng WANG Wei-tong 《地震地质》1979,42(2):297-315
On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out. 相似文献
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out. 相似文献
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本文利用地震测深资料得到的地壳波速结构,结合岩石学研究成果,建立该地区地壳结构的岩石(学)地球物理模型,并由此讨论该地区深部地壳结构的构造地质意义。指出,华南东部地区主要具由扬子古陆块与华夏古陆块相互作用引起的叠壳式陆内层块构造活动特征,且伴有异地块(?)增生华夏古陆边缘。 相似文献
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地震活动时序谱的涨落统计特征与地震活跃期 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为寻求地震活动演化的统计判据,本文采用多项式拟合法展示地震时序谱之涨落谱,以分维函数法判断最小邻间距(NNS)分布的Poisson性,然后采用MKS无参量法判别涨落谱之统计稳定性,确定NNS分布的转变区,具体研讨了四川、云南若干震区地震活动时序谱的涨落统计分布,发现地震活跃期到来时NNS分布表现出非Poisson化的特征。进一步通过改变和调节时序数据样本集之震级下限,并逐段前推进行统计计算的方式进一步验证结果的可靠性,客观地确定了这些震区地震活动时序涨落谱统计特征的转变期,使根据该统计法判断地震活跃期的方法论渐趋完善。 相似文献
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研究了1500年以来东南沿海地震区东部中强地震的活动特征。通过对其时序演变进程的分析,长乐-诏安地震带和邵武-河源地震带地震活动参数的对比,以及对第二活跃期中强地震迁移特点的研究,对该区今后的地震活动趋势作出了估计。 相似文献
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