淅川石煤钒矿提取技术的研究

石煤提钒技术关键是钒的氧化和转化。浙川石煤中钒主要有V~(3+)和V~(4+)形式存在,以类质同象取代粘土矿物二八面体中Al~(3+)。钒的价态分布研究表明,低温时有机质和黄铁矿决定了钒的价态,在370℃(风化样)或490℃(原样)V~(3+)全部氧化至V~(4+);高于800℃V~(4+)不再氧化至V~(5+),反应处于动态平衡,此时ηV~(5+)达91％。同时讨论了氯化钠在提钒过程中的氧化和转化作用,石煤钠盐氧化焙烧提钒的最佳条件:矿:盐=100:15,800℃,30分钟,η_培为67.4％。实验表明,焙烧气氛对钒转化有很大影响,氧化—氯化焙烧技术提高η_培6％。     

江西玉山石煤烧结包裹与钒转化的研究

江西玉山含钒石煤既是低热值能源,又是一种新类型钒矿资源。为充分利用这种资源,在600～1150℃下进行了氧化培烧和钠化焙烧,测定了煤灰的松装密度d和钒转化率η,研究厂烧结包裹作用。结果表明:温度升高,煤灰烧结严重,对钒包裹几率加大,钒转化率降低。石煤作为能源利用时,燃烧温度不宜超过950℃,石煤钠化焙烧提钒最佳温度775℃。在两种焙烧条件下的石煤烧结机理作了探讨,并进一步得出玉山石煤烧结与包裹的关系式。     

陈家岭钒矿选矿工艺试验

采用钙法氧化焙烧——酸浸的方法从钒矿石中浸出钒,克服了钠化焙烧过程中产生的H2S、Cl2,实验了矿石物料粒度、氧化钙添加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、漫出温度、浸出时间、酸的浓度、浸出液固比对浸出率的影响,获得了88％的浸出率。实验表明,焙烧温度、酸的浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、液固比是影响钒浸出率的重要因素。     

石煤中影响钒转浸率的主要因素研究

通过对石煤提钒焙烧阶段焙烧温度和添加剂作用、配比的研究,得出了焙烧阶段最适宜的焙烧温度、入米温度和添加剂配比范围。实验结果表明,采用焙砂水浸后渣再用稀酸浸出的方法,钒的转浸率平均可提高１０％左右。     

川北硅质岩型铼多金属矿可选性试验

为了解川北新发现的硅质岩型铼多金属矿可选性,开展了铼及伴生硫、硒、钒、钼等多种元素的回收工艺研究.试验确定,采用"重选选硫一尾矿氧化焙烧挥发回收铼硒-碱浸回收钒钼"的工艺,可以有效回收矿石中的铼、硒,并综合回收矿石中伴生的黄铁矿和钒、钼元素.重选工艺可以得到产率10.68％、硫品位48.33％的优质硫精矿产品,硫的回收率62.72％;选硫尾矿在950℃氧化焙烧2h,硒的挥发率可达到99.96％以上,铼的挥发率为91.69％;选硫尾矿焙砂碱浸工艺,钒的渣计浸出率88.09％、液计浸出率91.49％,钼的渣计浸出率92.13％、液计浸出率92.52％.     

某钒矿石提钒工艺试验的比较研究

对某地钒矿石进行了成份分析、赋存状态的分析,证实了该矿石含20%以上的钒云母。为了提高该矿钒的浸出率,研究了盐酸浸取、硫酸浸取、未经焙烧样品的浸取、焙烧后样品的浸取、添加剂的用量对浸出的影响、焙烧温度及浸取时间等对浸出率的影响。建立了无盐焙烧、稀硫酸浸取,使浸出率达90%以上,为后续工业设计和生产提供了可靠的数据和依据。     

碳质银精矿氯化浸出工艺的研究与应用

采用氧化焙烧工艺对碳质银精矿进行除碳、除硫预处理,试验确定焙烧温度为650℃。焙砂以3YL--NaCl无氰氯化体系浸出,研究了影响氯化浸出的因素:3YL用量、氯化钠浓度、浸出酸度、时间、温度℃及固液比等,并在试验确定的工艺条件下,进行了公斤级试验,得出Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn的氯化浸出率分别为95.1%、91.6%、85.7%、95.2%、83.8%。     

石煤钒矿成分分析标准物质的研制

石煤钒矿资源的开发和合理利用需要对其成分进行准确的分析测试和质量控制.目前,国内外尚未有石煤钒矿成分分析的标准物质,现有钒成分分析标准物质无论是其五氧化二钒含量,还是定值成分都无法满足我国对石煤钒矿勘查、开发和研究需要.本文对采自湖北省崇阳县小源冲钒矿、湖南省芷江县牛牯坪钒矿、湖南省古丈县岩头寨钒矿和湖南省凤凰县黑冲钒...     

石煤中钒的氧化动力学初步研究

含钒石煤是我国一种新类型钒矿资源,钒的氧化是石煤提钒的基础。本文对钒的氧化动力学作了初步工作,通过试验数据处理结果表明,采用Ерофеев综合动力学公式:描述石煤中钒的氧化过程:2VO2固+1/2O2=Y2O5固简明可行,较为适宜。 钒氧化反应初期阶段以动力学方式进行:n1=1,属一级反应过程;继之,n2=0.2,反应受扩散制约。测定了由动力学过程转换为扩散过程所需的反应时间及其钒氧化率,计算了这两种过程的速率常数和表观活化能。     

杨家堡含钒石煤的物质成分和钒的赋存状态及配分的研究

杨家堡下寒武统黑色岩系中,含钒的腐泥煤和次腐泥煤(一般称为含钒石煤)是以钒为主并伴有多种金属元素的大型海相沉积矿床。层位稳定、分布广泛、规模巨大,是一种新型的矿产资源——黑色页岩型多金属矿床。杨家堡含钒石煤中V_2O_5含量达0.7—4.63％,一般品位为0.8—1.0％,完全符合作为独立钒矿床开采的要求。对杨家堡含钒石煤物质成分和钒的赋存状态的研究,是为杨家堡石煤提钒工艺流程的确定提供必要的数据和理论依据,并为黑色页岩型多金属矿床成因理论的研究提供基础资料。     

Calcified roasting-acid leaching process of vanadium from low-grade vanadium-containing stone coal

The low-grade vanadium-containing stone coal used in this experiment was collected from Wuxi Coun- try, Chongqing City, China. The experiment focused on the vanadium recovery from roasted residue through opti- mizing the process conditions of an effective and environmentally-friendly technology, named calcified roast- ing-sulfuric acid leaching technology. By single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, the effects of roast- ing temperature, roasting time, sulfuric acid concentration and leaching time on the leaching ratio of vanadium were analyzed. The results showed that the leaching ratio of vanadium reached 85.5% under the proper technological con- ditions of roasting temperature=950℃, roasting time=4 h, 40% concentration of sulfuric acid and leaching time=6 h.     

钒的生物效应及其环境地球化学行为

微量元素与人体健康间的关系,近年来日益受到重视。钒是动物和人体所必需的微量元素。适量有益。过量则有毒。钒的毒性大小取决于钒的总量、钒的赋存价态和赋存形态。本文综述了近年来国内外科研工作者在钒的生物效应、环境中钒的来源及环境介质中钒的赋存状况等方面所做的工作。     

孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4(PO4)2(HPO4)4]的钒氧化态与热稳定性关系研究

热处理脱除有机模板易导致VPO体系孔道结构化合物结构破坏,从而阻碍此类材料的实际应用。以孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4 (PO4 )2 (HPO4 )4 ](简称V2P3 en)为研究对象,利用热分析(DSC TG)、动态原位高温X 射线衍射(XRD)及多功能X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法,研究了该化合物在不同气氛热处理过程中模板脱除及结构演化规律,重点探讨了钒氧化态的变化对结构稳定性的影响。结果表明,加热过程中随着有机模板的分解脱除,形成较强的还原环境,骨架中的部分钒被还原(V4+→V3+),使原有的配位环境([VⅣO5]三角双锥、[VⅣO6]畸变八面体)与钒的氧化态不符而导致结构重组。因此,钒氧化态的变化是影响热稳定性的重要因素之一。     

对壤中钒、硒、钼测量方法的观察与思考

本文简要介绍了钒、硒、钼的地球化学性质。根据我国西北业已查实的3个层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床中钒、硒、钼与铀的展布特征,认为,按已知铀矿床中铀与钒、硒、钼的存在及相互关系,试图用壤中钒、硒、钼测量对层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿实施伴生元素找矿或进行“空间定位”的依据尚不足。     

Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere

Current models predict that the early atmosphere consisted mostly of CO2, N2, and H2O, along with traces of H2 and CO. Such models are based on the assumption that the redox state of the upper mantle has not changed, so that volcanic gas composition has remained approximately constant with time. We argue here that this assumption is probably incorrect: the upper mantle was originally more reduced than today, although not as reduced as the metal arrest level, and has become progressively more oxidized as a consequence of the release of reduced volcanic gases and the subduction of hydrated, oxidized seafloor. Data on the redox state of sulfide and chromite inclusions in diamonds imply that the process of mantle oxidation was slow, so that reduced conditions could have prevailed for as much as half of the earth's history. To be sure, other oxybarometers of ancient rocks give different results, so the question of when the mantle redox state has changed remains unresolved. Mantle redox evolution is intimately linked to the oxidation state of the primitive atmosphere: A reduced Archean atmosphere would have had a high hydrogen escape rate and should correspond to a changing mantle redox state; an oxidized Archean atmosphere should be associated with a constant mantle redox state. The converses of these statements are also true. Finally, our theory of mantle redox evolution may explain why the Archean atmosphere remained oxygen-deficient until approximately 2.0 billion years ago (Ga) despite a probable early origin for photosynthesis.     

The treatment of smelter fume prior to segregation roasting

A method is described whereby smelter fume, containing lead and zinc as major components and copper as a valuable impurity, may be pretreated so that subsequently 80–90% of the lead can be segregated and separated as PbS on char, with 92–98% of the zinc and 80–85% of the copper remaining in the residue in a form that can be treated by processes such as the commercial Jarosite process for treating zinc residues.The pretreatment involves selective sulphate roasting of the fume, premixed with an iron-containing additive, substantially all lead compounds in the fume are converted to lead sulphate and all zinc and copper complexed as ferrites. Depending on the nature of the iron-containing additive, the sulphate-roasting atmosphere can be provided by feeding SO₂ and O₂ or air mixtures to the roaster, or it can be generated internally by the oxidation and/or decomposition of sulphur compounds in the fume—iron-additive mixture. In either case, 800°C is the optimum sulphate-roast temperature. The distribution of impurities in the fume is discussed.     

V oxidation state in Fe–Ti oxides by high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The oxidation state of vanadium in natural and synthetic Fe–Ti oxides is determined using high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS). Eleven natural magnetite-bearing samples from a borehole of the Main Magnetite Layer of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa), five synthetic Fe oxide samples, and three natural hematite-bearing samples from Dharwar supergroup (India) are investigated. V K edge spectra were recorded on the ID26 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble, France), and the pre-edge features were used to determine the local environment and oxidation state of vanadium. In the case of the magnetite samples (natural and synthetic), we show that vanadium is incorporated in the octahedral site of the spinel structure under two oxidation states: +III and +IV. The variations of the pre-edge area are interpreted as various proportions in V³⁺ and V⁴⁺ (between 9.5 and 16.3% of V⁴⁺), V³⁺ being the main oxidation state. In particular, the variations of the V⁴⁺/V³⁺ ratio along the profile of the Main Magnetite Layer seem to follow the crystallization sequence of the layer. In the case of the hematite samples from India, the pre-edge features indicate that vanadium is substituted to Fe and mainly incorporated as V⁴⁺ (between 40 and 72% of V⁴⁺). We also demonstrate the potentiality of HERFD-XAS for mineralogical studies, since it can filter out the unwanted fluorescence and give better resolved spectra than conventional XAS.