进入21世纪新疆非油气矿产资源物探勘查技术的应用

新疆矿产资源优势明显、找矿潜力巨大。进入21世纪以来,新疆在地质勘查资金投入大幅度增加的条件下,地质勘查工作获得了又一次难得的发展机遇。地质勘查工作遵照"区划、区调、物化探、勘查科研五统一"的科学地质勘查体系,非油气资源物探勘查技术在铁、铜镍、铅锌和煤等矿产勘查、攻深找盲及寻找地下水源地等方面取得了重要进展,对新疆重要成矿带地质找矿突破和矿业开发发挥了重要作用。     

依托科技创新 实现找矿突破

安徽矿产资源自然秉赋良好,已发现矿种138种,资源潜在总值居全国第十位。建国以来,安徽地质科技不断创新,找矿成果不断扩大,奠定了我省矿产资源大省地位。随着工业强省战略的深入实施,为缓解矿产资源瓶颈制约,必须进一步加大科技创新力度,加强基础地质研究、加强重点区带地球动力学与成矿预测研究、加强深部探测技术方法研究、加强资源高效利用和循环利用技术研究、加强地质科技创新机制研究,多找矿、找好矿、找大矿,真正实现地质找矿新的突破。     

勘查区找矿预测理论与方法及其应用案例

降低勘查风险、实现科学找矿一直是国内外矿产勘查界不断探索的前缘领域和研究热点,而勘查区找矿预测理论与方法是解决这一难题的有效途径。该方法将成矿作用内因（元素的地球化学特征）和外因（地质作用类型）相结合,构建以成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主要内容的找矿预测地质模型,通过大比例尺构造蚀变填图、物化探测量和专题研究等综合方法,预测推断矿体赋存位置,最后通过工程施工,发现并查明工业矿体（矿床）。依据勘查区找矿预测理论与方法,在四川拉拉铜矿、新疆玛尔坎苏锰矿带穆呼?玛尔坎土锰矿及内蒙古大兴安岭南段敖脑达坝地区锡多金属矿开展找矿预测,取得了较好效果。      

The limits of ‘Rational’ planning: A study of the politics of coastal mineral extraction

This paper is a critical analysis of the rational model in planning. As political science and theory have contributed little to the environmental debate, natural resources problems have often been misunderstood as technical instead of political in every sense. The ‘implementation gap’, or the failure of plans and policies to produce intended outcomes, is blamed on problems of process. Solutions are sought in improved institutional arrangements and rational techniques. Yet there are significant political, administrative and technical/scientific constraints to rational planning and implementation. This is illustrated by an assessment of the British planning system in regulating mineral development in coastal areas. A brief case study examines the 30-year attempt of Dorset County officials to phase out beach gravel extractions from the internationally significant Chesil Beach coast. The analysis reveals that a decision which is ‘rational’ from a planning point of view has been influenced by the exercise of political discretion, scientific uncertainty and an administrative legacy of multiple and overlapping jurisdictions.     

寻找含金刚石金伯利岩的地质经济学

地质经济学关注地质科学研究和矿产勘查经费使用的有效性,是使科研的成果更有意义、更具创新性、找矿更具有针对性。含金刚石的金伯利岩体是世界上分布较少和较难寻找的岩体,但地质学家却做了大量的和深入的研究。从消化全球科学研究成果、建立金刚石矿勘查靶区、利用指示矿物追踪、消除干扰体,进而用多种手段确定靶位,建立了一套科研成果用于找矿的行之有效的步骤,进行每一个步骤时都要考虑到资金使用的有效性。本文讨论地质经济学在寻找含金刚石的金伯利岩全过程中的应用,抛砖引玉,认为地质经济学应当贯穿在科研和找矿的各个方面。本文还对中国寻找金刚石矿的远景区进行了分析。     

Dzhida Ore District: Geology,Structural and Metallogenic Regionalization,Genetic Types of Ore Deposits,Geodynamic Conditions of Their Formation,Forecast, and Outlook for Development

Based on complex structural, rheological, and metallogenic studies, taking into account the results of earlier subject-specific, prospecting, mapping, and exploration works, it has been established that the geological structure of the district was caused by the ensimatic evolution of the Vendian–Early Paleozoic Dzhida island-arc system, in which oceanic and island-arc complexes served as a melanocratic basement for Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic active within-plate (riftogenic) processes, which gave rise to the formation of ore deposits and occurrences of strategic mineral commodities (Mo, W, Au, Pt, Ag, and rare elements, including REE). Mantle plumes and flows of deep-seated transmagmatic solutions (ore-forming fluids) played a critical role in these processes, the significance of which increases in upper crustal swarms of dikes and fault systems. The forecasts and development prospects of the Dzhida ore district envisage the expansion of geological prospecting and exploration, scientific research, and technological testing of ore for insight into strategic mineral commodities, as well as reanimation of mining within the areas of the Dzhida’s large territorial and industrial complex (TIC) in eastern Siberia.     

数字地质与数字矿产勘查

矿产勘探的理念,在西方国家被称为"勘探哲学",是指导矿产勘探的思想、方法、技术、目标和组织.矿产勘查的3个基本要素是"找什么"、"哪里找"和"如何找".随着"三要素"的发展,矿产勘查的概念正在逐渐变化,"三要素"为改变矿产勘探的概念、方法和技术提供了强大的动力.矿产勘查概念的创新是持续的勘查和开发与时俱进的结果."数学...     

大数据时代数字找矿与定量评价

这是一个科技飞速发展的时代,也是一个数据爆炸的时代。不同学科领域及不同类型工作都需要针对其特点开发和建立自己的数据科学,培养各自领域的科学人才。通过对大数据时代概念和形成的深入理解,将其引入到地学领域的研究工作中,从而提出数字找矿的概念,实现数学地质到数字地质的飞跃,弥补传统定性找矿的缺陷,结合四大找矿系统理论,对矿产预测做出科学的定量评价与分析,是未来的必然发展趋势。     

基于地质大数据理念的模型驱动矿产资源定量预测

在大数据科学成为新的科学范式的背景下,基于地质大数据理念,提出了模型驱动的矿产资源定量预测评价的新方法,以及模型流程建模技术贯穿整个矿产资源预测评价过程的新思路,以地质理论指导地质大数据分析和计算机技术实现地质大数据挖掘2条主线展开研究,实现了面向地质大数据的数据挖掘与矿产资源的定量预测评价。结合青海祁漫塔格铁铜多金属矿床、山东焦家金矿床、云南个旧锡铜多金属矿床等不同地区、不同成矿类型和矿种开展了应用研究,完成了找矿模型工作流的设计与实现,进行了有利成矿信息的挖掘,取得了较好的效果,为大数据时代数字地质研究提供了新的思路。     

基于数据科学的矿产资源定量预测的理论与方法探索

矿产资源预测已从定性走向了定量,从数据稀疏型走向了数据密集型,亟须数据科学支撑.本文在前人研究基础上,讨论了基于数据科学的矿产资源定量预测理论与方法,该方法的理论基础为相关性理论与异常理论,前者采用监督的机器学习方法挖掘地质找矿大数据与矿床的相关性为预测未发现矿床提供了理论基础;后者采用非监督的机器学习方法识别地质找矿...     

澳大利亚北部省EL2298矿权区矿床模型及找矿前景

通过系统收集和分析有关澳大利亚北部省EL2298矿权区的地质、化探、钻探等资料,获得了该矿权区的地层、构造等成矿地质条件.以成矿地质条件的综合研究为基础,确定了矿权区的矿床模型是砂页岩型铜矿床,目的矿种是铜矿,矿质来源是古-中元古代盆地中的含铜地层,并选择了地质测量、激电中梯、激电测深、探槽和钻探等勘查工作方法手段.澳大利亚北部省EL2298矿权区成矿地质条件好,找矿信息丰富,在EL2298矿权区具有发现砂页岩型铜矿床的理论和现实的可能性.     

A critical political ecology of consensus: On “Teaching Both Sides” of climate change controversies

In the United States, contemporary anti-science education coalitions are increasingly linking climate change and evolution using “teach the controversy” campaigns. Awareness of this political phenomena raises questions about the extent to which portrayals of global warming predictions as mere knowledge claims undermine efforts to increase public understanding of scientific consensus about global warming. This paper uses a critical political ecology framework to explore the problematization of climate change consensus located and performed across discourses of secondary science teaching and learning. Theories of resistance are used to analyze teachers’ everyday experiences with classroom pushback about climate change. Data collection included key informant interviews with state science education stakeholders and on-line survey of 5th–12th grade science teachers in Oklahoma, USA. The article synthesizes the situated discourses of Oklahoma science teachers’ and their attitudes about teaching climate change in the face of public controversy. Our analysis demonstrates teachers marginalized by anti-science controversies but engaged in everyday acts of resistance to political, ideological, and religious norms. Most notably, science teachers re-purpose “teach the controversy” frames as a way to introduce climate change where it might not otherwise be included. We argue that, contextualized within a history of contestation over the teaching of evolution, the practice of teaching ‘both sides’ is an important boundary ordering device that bridges convinced and skeptical discourses in the classroom. This research informs new roles and possibilities for science education on global environmental change by reminding climate scientists, educators, and policy advocates that all climate change knowledge is coproduced.     

矿产勘查中系统科学思维方法

系统科学理论不仅被不同学科和科学领域所接受和应用,而且其思维方法也不断地影响着人们的科学思维过程。思维方法由简单向系统的三次大的转变,构成了系统科学思维的核心。矿产勘查活动是作为一种系统而存在的。本文试图将矿产勘查与系统科学思维相结合,阐述矿产勘查中系统科学思维方法及其应用,用系统科学理论指导矿产勘查工作。     

河南栾川西沟铅锌银金矿床三维地质建模与深部找矿预测评价

随着矿区浅部矿的日益减少,深部找矿越来越受到重视,三维地质建模技术在成矿预测、资源定量评价等方面得到了广泛的应用.本文利用三维地质建模平台GOCAD中的三维建模技术及地质统计学等方法,基于收集测试得到的地质图、钻孔和采样点的地层、岩性、构造、品位等数据,构建了西沟铅锌银金矿区的三维地质模型,包括断裂构造模型、矿体模型及...     

成矿模式与找矿模式研究的现代科学技术

为保障资源的可持续发展,地下深部资源勘探与开发是当前国内外许多国家重要的战略选择.地下深部是否存在优质矿产资源研究是开展深部找矿的前提.理想的成矿模式对指导找矿模式的构建具有重要的理论意义,而合理找矿模式的建立对于深部找矿具有重要的指导意义.随着现代科学技术的持续发展,各种新技术不断用于地质研究及勘探中,使深入理解成矿...     

智能矿产地质调查方法——以甘肃大桥-崖湾地区为例

在矿产地质调查理论与实践的基础上,提出一种智能矿产地质调查方法,指出智能矿产地质调查生态系统是与智能矿产地质调查相关的智能数据采集设备、应用、用户、标准、规范、智能地质调查云平台等组成部分及相互关系构成的完整系统。智能矿产地质调查的主要步骤包括：智能数据分析、重点工作区圈定、矿产地质数据采集、重点区野外工作、智能找矿预测等。提出了数据驱动与知识驱动相结合的找矿预测方法,集成了采用深度学习技术进行特征匹配找矿预测的方法和基于知识图谱的找矿预测方法。设计和基本实现了智能矿产地质调查云平台的架构与功能。应用特征匹配找矿预测方法在甘肃大桥-崖湾地区圈定了5个找矿预测区。     

广西钟山县珊瑚钨锡矿区及其外围找矿远景展望

简要阐述了珊瑚钨-锡矿区地质概况和成矿规律.根据该矿区及外围历年地质勘查及科研成果、矿山开采和生产勘探实际情况以及对珊瑚矿床成矿规律的研究,以我国华南钨-锡矿床成矿理论作指导,进行矿区深部及外围钨、锡资源二轮找矿远景预测,提出了四个钨、锡成矿预测区和一个成矿远景区的展望.     

基于证据加权模型的综合信息成矿预测

综合信息成矿预测是复杂高维非线性系统的建模与评价过程,通过识别和提取地、物、化、遥等多源地学观测数据中的综合致矿地质异常信息,并以此为依据进行成矿预测。成矿预测是在科学预测理论的指导下,应用地质成矿理论和数理统计方法对地质、物探、化探、遥感等信息进行充分挖掘,剖析成矿地质条件,总结成矿规律,建立综合信息成矿模型并应用于成矿预测,从而圈定和评价成矿远景区,为区域找矿工作部署和矿产资源开发利用的统筹规划提供科学依据。本次研究将证据加权模型引入到成矿预测研究中,通过建立和评价地质信息、化探信息、遥感蚀变信息、遥感线环形构造密度信息与已知矿化点的关系,然后用贝叶斯公式计算成矿后验概率,推出研究区成矿预测结果。研究结果表明:综合信息成矿模型预测结果符合研究区地质成矿规律,和已知成矿点吻合率达71.4%。     

全国重要固体矿产重点成矿区带划分与资源潜力特征

成矿区带是区域成矿规律研究成果最集中反映,同时也是地质找矿勘查部署最直接依据。利用全国重要矿产潜力评价成果重新厘定我国重要成矿区带,部署我国重要成矿区带有重要实际价值。成矿区带划分一方面要以区域构造环境及演化为纲,对成矿域、成矿省进行科学划分;同时要研究成矿本身时空分布规律,研究矿床的多元地物化遥等成矿信息,使得成矿区带符合成矿实际,能够直接找矿。部署区带是根据国家找矿工作部署出发,对成矿区带进行优选排序,具有引导导向作用,往往也能大大促进部署区带地质找矿突破。本次工作以23个矿种圈定成矿靶区,重要矿产地、物化遥异常等信息,并在最新划分的90个三级成矿区带基础上,划分了26个全国固体矿产勘查重点成矿区带,并进一步优选10个重点部署区带。     

Contesting colonial rule: Politics of exile in the Indian Ocean

This paper examines the compulsory relocation of anti-colonial nationalists from other parts of the empire to Seychelles during British colonial rule. It explores how these colonial policies of forced expulsion that were used to contain anti-colonial political activity unintentionally enabled political exiles to create new trans-imperial networks of resistance. From the late 1800s, the British Colonial Government exiled to Seychelles over 500 anti-colonial leaders and their followers from Egypt, Somaliland, Ethiopia, Gold Coast, Palestine and other colonies; the last political exile was Greek Cypriot leader Archbishop Makarios who arrived in Seychelles in 1956. Based on archival and empirical research this paper examines their experiences of exile and how, despite feelings of loss and isolation, they continued to challenge colonial authority by mobilising new forms of contestation. Through a colonial geographical imaginary, Seychelles was constructed as distant, remote and isolated, a place where political agitators could be safely confined and prevented from infecting others with their anti-colonial sentiments. Instead, however, these movements brought colonised people together from across the empire and created spatially extended networks of ideas that became significant in connecting these ‘remote’ islands to other places. Exiles disrupted the authority of the British Colonial Government through mundane and small acts of resistance in which they made constant, almost daily, demands for their right to return home and better living conditions. This study, on a much under-researched form of imperial mobility and confinement, contributes to debates on colonialism, space and resistance by identifying networks produced by colonised people and, through an exploration of translocal subaltern agency and resistance, confounds place-bound notions of politics.