一种水澉中组合活动堰的潮位潮流模拟系统

水工模型实验中，潮流模拟系统往往控制复杂，且调试困难。本文给出一种用单板机控制步进电机驱动高低组合活动堰板造潮的水动力控制系统，经实验验证，本系统控制简单，调试方便 ，造价低廉。     

某型扫雷具分系统码头环境下调试措施的研究

结合实际维修保障需要,分析某型舰三电极扫雷具控制分系统控制原理,提出一种基于码头环境条件对三电极扫雷具控制分系统在自动方式下实施有效调试的措施,搭建调试控制系统,并结合装备维修保障, 充分检验控制分系统的励磁输出受控性,提高控制分系统在码头环境下的维护效率,确保设备的完好性。     

水下自主航行观测平台在现调试系统的研究

利用CPLD硬件模块研发了一套能够嵌入到基于分布式控制体系的水下运动观测平台的在现调试系统,能够实现对系统内的多个节点实现在现调试和数据传输,加快了水下运动平台的研制、开发和调试进程。     

基于砂质海岸剖面形态数值模拟的参数敏感度分析

为了探究XBeach模型中系统的参数调试对模拟剖面演变的影响,该文基于波浪水槽实验通过广义似然不确定性估计法(GLUE)对XBeach模型中的波浪非线性(facua)、沙滩湿崩塌临界坡度(wetslp)、波能耗散(alpha)等调试参数进行敏感性分析,阐述所选参数的物理意义及控制方程,选取不同的参数值观察岸滩剖面演变过程,并通过Brier Skill Score评价方法对模拟效果进行评价。结果表明改变参数值大小会得到不同的岸滩剖面模拟形态。其中参数facua控制波形,波浪由于非线性作用于岸滩会使剖面发生不同趋势的演变,改变facua参数值能够改变模拟剖面演化的趋势,使得模拟地形剖面演变产生较大的变化;参数wetslp作为湿崩塌临界斜率,改变其数值大小模拟地形改变的首要特征为剖面坡度;参数alpha作为波能耗散系数,改变其值会影响破波所释放的能量,从而影响剖面的侵淤程度。最终选取三者值分别为0.65、0.2、1.3,与水槽实验结果拟合最好。该结果对于XBeach的研究及应用具有一定的参考意义。     

浅谈大型浮标的资料管理与质量控制

大型海洋资料浮标处在远离陆地的海洋恶劣环境,要保证海洋观测资料接收的完整性、可靠性,其资料管理和质量控制是比较重要的,必须要从浮标系统安装、调试、考机、布放、运行、检修、回收的观测资料接收和数据比对及修正值等方面进行质量管理控制,以确保海洋水文气象数据的真实、有效。     

基于OPT101 器件的大气能见度检测系统

针对现有大气能见度仪采用分离器件的信号噪声大、接收信号非常微弱的不足,进口产品价格昂贵的不足,基于先进的集成器件OPT101设计了一套便携式的大气能见度检测系统。系统应用集成前置放大的光电检测传感器,实现微弱光电信号的检测和前置放大,克服了传统分离器件前置放大易受噪声干扰的不足,提高了测量数据的准确度和系统的稳定性,降低了设计和调试的难度。与美国Enviro Tech能见度传感器进行了现场比测实验,实验结果显示二者变化趋势一致性较好,表明了系统设计的有效性。     

气流喷射模拟海上浮式风电结构风机载荷实验技术初探

随着海上风电技术的快速发展,海上风电逐渐由浅海走向深海,海上风电基础结构型式将逐渐由固定式发展到漂浮式。在浮式风电结构的模型实验中,风机载荷的模拟是保证实验效果的重要因素。针对浮式风电结构模型实验中风机载荷的模拟问题,提出了一种新型的基于气流喷射、利用气流反作用力模拟风机载荷的实验方法并进行了初步验证。通过标定得到气流控制信号与反作用力的关系,将数值模拟得到的原型风机载荷时程转换为相应的控制信号,同时针对实验装置对气流变化的响应特性,对控制信号进行频域和时域修正,驱动气流喷射以模拟风机作用力和力矩。经过实验验证,载荷模拟装置产生的载荷在时域和频域上都能与模型实验所需风机载荷保持较好的一致性,证明该方法可行。     

基于改进领航者法的多AUV队形控制方法研究

针对多自主水下机器人(多 AUV)编队问题,提出了一种基于改进跟随领航者法的编队控制方法,通过仿真实验和湖上试验进行了验证。将对跟随者的航向和速度控制简化成单一的速度控制,并采用多级精准速度调控方法进行编队控制。然后,通过仿真实验对该方法进行初步验证,并确定关键控制参数。最后,建立一套队形评价指标,通过外场试验验证该方法有效性。试验结果表明：该编队控制方法在控制的快速性、准确性和稳定性等方面均表现很好。     

深水铺缆船张紧器夹紧缸液压同步控制系统设计与仿真

张紧器是深水铺缆船上的关键作业装备。由于结构的不对称性,在不加控制的情况下,两个夹紧缸在运动过程中会产生不同步,从而造成系统过大的作用力和/或强烈振动而破坏机构。介绍铺缆张紧器及其夹紧系统工作原理,设计夹紧缸同步液压控制系统并进行了仿真,验证系统设计的可行性,为铺缆张紧器的设计与调试提供了有价值的参考。     

液舱晃荡实验风险分析方法研究

以液舱晃荡实验为风险评估对象,利用事故树分析法进行风险辨识,确定风险评价指标体系,然后在此基础上建立了实验风险的模糊综合评判模型,对实验风险进行评估。同时,对风险因素进行排序,确定主要的风险控制对象。     

海洋环流和潮,余流数值计算中海区内较小尺度建筑物的一种处理方法

在海洋流场数值计算中，当流场中建筑物尺度相对平面网格步长太小时，计算中难以引进其作用，在所得计算结果中难以反映其影响。本文依据流量连续、能量守恒规律，通过水力学物模实验，求得建筑物存在情况下的谢才系数Ｃ，解决了计算中的难题。     

渤黄东海潮波数值模拟

利用考虑引潮力的非线性球面潮波方程，数值模拟渤黄东海的潮波运动，将计算结果与实测资料作比较。依据所得结果绘制M2，S2，K1，O1和M4的同潮图和潮流椭圆，并进行讨论。研究表明，K1和O1的同位相线在台湾附近先作顺时针方向旋转然后作逆时针方向旋转，该现象是由于大陆架和大陆坡水深分布和台湾存在的结果。同时也发现最大流速时刻比高潮时刻提前，是摩擦和旋转潮液系统中的驻波成份所引起的。对该海区的非线性潮波部分的模拟作了首次尝试。可以看出：M4有18个旋转潮波系统，其中6个作顺时针方向旋转，12个作逆时针方向旋转；在江苏南部海岸和杭州湾口的外海区域以及渤海湾和大部分的莱州湾，由M2引起的潮汐余水位为正，而在海区的其余部分这种余水位为负；由M2引起的潮汐余流总体上向南或向东南方向流动。     

黄海的风、潮混合特征及其对冷水团边界的影响

本文第一作者早在1985年就提出,潮混合效应控制着夏季黄海冷水团的边界及海面冷水分布(赵保仁,1985)。1987年又进一步通过水文调査资料和卫星图片给出了黄海周围的浅水陆架锋(或称潮汐锋)的分布及强锋区的跨锋断面中的温度、盐度和坏流结构特征,并指出夏季的黄海沿岸流在性质上属沿锋面运动的强流(赵保仁,1987a,b),而后又对黄海西部的陆架锋进行了一次专门调査(赵保仁等,1991)。此外,他还指出黄海的强温跃层的形成和转移现象也与潮混合现象密切相关(赵保仁,1989)。因此,研究潮混合现象对阐明发生在黄海的多水文物理现象都是至关重要的。 为深入了解黄海的潮混合特征,作者把渤海、黄海和东海作为一个整体完成了一次精度较高的潮汐、溯流数值计算,在潮汐、潮流的分布方面,揭示了前人尚未阐明的一些特征。本文根据这些数值结果,计算了近最大潮流流速和层化参数,阐明了渤海、黄海和东海的潮混合特征及其对降温期黄海冷水团分布变化的影响。此外,还用 Sim pson等人(1981)的能量模式计算了南黄海西部的风、潮混合效率。     

The AMANDES tidal model for the Amazon estuary and shelf

The AMANDES project aims to study transports from the Andean mountains to the Atlantic Ocean through the Amazon system. This requires realistic estuarine modelling in this area strongly forced by tides and river discharge. As none of the existing models for this region would fit the actual needs of the project, a specific new generation model has been implemented.The model is based on the hydrodynamic finite element model T-UGOm. In a first step, we limit our investigations to tidal dynamics. As the Amazon estuary is a very shallow macro-tidal area, it is necessary to improve the available bathymetries and to develop a precise bottom friction parametrisation.In this paper, we discuss the implementation of a high resolution regional model. This allows us to develop a precise and accurate tidal model: for instance, the overall root mean square error on complex differences is reduced from 54 cm in a standard model to 27 cm in our best model. Such precise and accurate tidal modelling is a prerequisite for modelling particle transport.     

Numerical modelling of the sea level under the actions of the tide and strong wind in the Bohai Sea

In this paper, the numerical modelling of the tidal level and current in the Bohai Sea was carried out with ADI method, by taking the sum of four main tidal components M2,S2K2,O1 as the open boundary condition. The calculated values were consistent with the predicted ones (the observed values in the case of calm) in the Tidal Table. On the basis of the modelling of the tide, the sea level and current fields under the effects of strong wind were simulated. The calculated results were also quite satisfactory.     

Atoll lagoon flushing forced by waves

Water level and current measurements from two virtually enclosed South Pacific atolls, Manihiki and Rakahanga, support a new lagoon flushing mechanism which is driven by waves and modulated by the ocean tide for virtually enclosed atolls. This is evident because the lagoon water level remains above the ocean at all tidal phases (i.e., ruling out tidal flushing) and because the average lagoon water level rises significantly during periods with large waves. Hence, we develop a model by which the lagoons are flushed by waves pumping of ocean water into the lagoon and gravity draining water from the lagoon over the reef rim. That is, the waves on the exposed side push water into the lagoon during most of the tidal cycle while water leaves the lagoon on the protected side for most of the tidal cycle. This wave-driven through flow flushing is shown to be more efficient than alternating tidal flushing with respect to water renewal. Improved water quality should therefore be sought through enhancement of the natural wave pumping rather than by blasting deep channels which would change the system to an alternating tide-driven one.     

A modelling study of residence time in a macro-tidal estuary

This paper outlines a numerical modelling study to predict the average residence time of a conservative tracer in a macro-tidal estuary, namely the Mersey Estuary, UK. An integrated hydrodynamic-dispersion model was used to predict the average residence time in the estuary for various tidal level and freshwater discharge conditions. The numerical model was verified against six sets of field measured hydrodynamic data, with the model-predicted water elevations and salinity levels generally agreeing well with the field measurements. The numerical model results show that in the Mersey Estuary both the tidal level and river discharge affect significantly the predicted average residence time. The value of the average residence time is also shown to be closely linked to the intensity of the residual tidal current. This is due to the fact that a large proportion of the Upper and Inner Estuary dries out during low tides, thus a significant amount of the tracer material is transported through the deep channels. An increase in the freshwater discharge causes a considerable increase in the intensity of the residual current along the main channels and thus a reduction in the average residence time. The predicted overall tracer residence time for the whole estuary is relatively short for a relatively large estuary, ranging from less than 1 day to 4 days for various tidal level and freshwater flow combinations. When the tidal range and freshwater discharge are both small, then the local tracer residence time in the upper part of the estuary can be significantly longer than the values predicted for the middle and lower reaches of the estuary.     

基于姿态校正的RTK潮位在琼州海峡地形测量中的应用

潮位改正是多波束地形勘测中的重要环节。琼州海峡跨海工程中分别利用验潮潮位和RTK潮位进行潮位改正,对比结果发现初始RTK潮位改正后的数据存在较大偏差,最大可达1.5 m。通过对RTK测量潮位进行姿态校正后,其结果与验潮潮位的偏差减小,可以控制在0.3 m以内。5-6月的琼州海峡正是西南季风爆发时间,海峡海流的流向具有复杂性,涨落潮都伴随着较大的风浪,RTK潮位测量忽略风浪带来的影响是出现较大误差的重要原因。     

Numerical simulation for the two-dimensional nonlinear shallow water waves

This study deals with the general numerical model to simulate the two-dimensional tidal flow, flooding wave (long wave) and shallow water waves (short wave). The foundational model is based on nonlinear Boussinesq equations. Numerical method for modelling the short waves is investigated in detail. The forces, such as Coriolis forces, wind stress, atmosphere and bottom friction, are considered. A two-dimensional implicit difference scheme of Boussinesq equations is proposed. The low-reflection outflow open boundary is suggested. By means of this model,both velocity fields of circulation current in a channel with step expansion and the wave diffraction behind a semi-infinite breakwater are computed, and the results are satisfactory.     

新一代水位测量系统—空气声学水位计

本文介绍了空气声学水位计的工作原理、技术指标及现场使用比测结果。结果证明用该仪器来更新水位测量系统是合适的。