中国自然保护地旅游产品类型及其特征

我国正在建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,明确国内保护地旅游产品类型及其特征具有重要意义。建立中国自然保护地旅游产品索引文献库,挖掘各类保护地旅游活动的数据资料,提取中国自然保护地旅游产品开发的两个基本理念,并基于到访规模和环境影响大小,构建中国自然保护地旅游产品的类型体系。结果显示:(1)中国自然保护地旅游产品可归为科考探险、健康休养、自然教育等6种类型,不同类型产品有其特征;(2)中国保护地旅游产品分类应与一般旅游产品或西方产品相区别,需考虑产品对生态环境的影响、难度系数和保护地内及周边的文化和社区条件;(3)生态旅游和低碳旅游是指导保护地旅游发展的主要理念。     

从国际生态旅游的发展看神农架开发对策

提出了从发展理念、产品经营和行业管理三个层面全面理解生态旅游的思想，对国际生态旅游的发展趋势进行了总结，分析了神农架在生态旅游产品开发、景区建设等方面存在的问题，提出了科学评估神农架的旅游价值、实施生态旅游产业化开发、积极参与国际生态旅游标识的认证、引导社区参与生态旅游和实施生态旅游规划、开发与经营管理的全过程管理等发展对策。     

中国生态旅游区域协作影响因素及其模式研究（英文）

生态旅游区域协作是联合生态资源开发、促进自然生态保护和实现区域发展的制度保障,也是解决中国生态旅游发展掣肘的关键。中国地域广阔,山地、水域等大型自然地理实体常常是行政区的自然分界线,受到行政体制分割的影响,这些地区的生态资源利用通常是独立分化式开发,造成地方政府之间生态旅游产品的低层次、重复建设,限制了我国生态旅游水平的进一步提高。因此,需要针对以上问题,构建符合我国国情的区域生态旅游合作的空间体系和模式。本文系统梳理了生态旅游区域协作发展的影响因素和发展障碍,提出了中国生态旅游区域协作的空间发展和协作模式。结果表明:(1)生态旅游区域协作是建立在自然地带性、文化社会相似性、区域经济发展协同性和政策一体化基础上的必然选择;(2)生态旅游区域协作主要存在有行政区划壁垒、合作动力不足、合作模式松散、区域划分不清等四个关键问题;(3)中国生态旅游协作发展应采用生态旅游功能片区、协作区、风景道、线路、节点相结合立体化空间治理模式,从点、线、面三个层次构建一体化的协作体系。本研究对于未来中国的区域生态旅游协作和空间体系构建具有理论指导意义。     

基于主体功能区划的辽西走廊自然保护区生态旅游发展研究

辽西走廊拥有丰富的自然保护区生态旅游资源,在辽宁省政府发布《辽宁省主体功能区规划》和全国生态文明建设的背景下,辽西走廊可通过积极挖掘丰富的自然保护区生态旅游资源,适度发展生态旅游,带动当地社会经济发展,促进旅游扶贫战略实施,逐步实现区域均衡格局。辽西走廊自然保护区生态旅游的发展同时也有利于辽宁省主体功能区规划的落实和生态文明建设。辽西走廊地区的自然保护区数量、类型以及地理位置都具有非常突出的生态旅游发展优势。为了促进辽西走廊地区自然保护区生态旅游发展,未来需要采取5项对策:(1)政府重视、扶持;(2)地区、部门联合发展;(3)生态旅游精品打造;(4)客源市场开拓;(5)生态信用管理。     

人居环境研究的信息论科学基础及其图谱意象系统

从人居环境研究的系统性、融贯性内在要求出发,结合信息论、人居环境科学、地学信息图谱及城市意象理论的基本观点,本文对人居环境研究的内容和流程进行了信息论解读;结合城市意象的认识论逻辑,本文提出了基于信息论观点的人居环境意象及人居环境信息图谱意象系统概念,为人居环境研究提供了一种方法论思维模型。本文认为对人居环境研究的信息论解读包含信息本体界定、信息流向界定和信息流内容及其度量方式界定三大论域,可以此为基础派生人居环境信息主体、客体、载体以及正向信息流、反向信息流、信息立方体和人居环境信息熵等概念;论文在全面继承并充分融合人居环境科学及地学信息图谱理论的基础上提出了人居环境信息图谱的基本概念系统,认为人居环境信息图谱是3 大模块(自然环境、社会环境、人工环境)、3 大层次(宏观、中观、微观)、3 种类型(征兆图谱、诊断图谱、实施图谱) 和3 种维度(空间维度、时间维度和时空综合维度) 的融贯综合。该概念系统的提出和实现将会为人居环境研究提供一个数字化的模拟、实验、分析、控制平台。     

中国生态旅游发展成就、问题与策略（英文）

自1990年代以来,中国生态旅游发展迅速,已成为全国旅游业发展中特色鲜明的重要组成部分。本文采用定性与定量相结合的方法,分析了我国生态旅游发展现状特征和存在问题,提出了我国生态旅游发展目标和策略,旨在为我国生态旅游规划建设实践提供思路借鉴。本文认为通过生态旅游协作区、生态旅游目的地、生态旅游线路与生态风景道建设,形成生态旅游公共服务、资源保护、环境教育、政策法规、认证示范、营销推广、社区参与、科技与人才体系,是中国建成世界生态旅游强国的主要路径。     

生态旅游规划及其可持续发展实例分析--以石河子地区为例

生态旅游是一种全新的旅游业。回顾生态旅游的出现、内涵及发展。选择典型生态旅游区的石河子地区作为研究靶区，根据该研究区现状对生态旅游资源进行了分类，大致可分为军垦旅游型、自然风景型和干旱绿洲荒漠区特种自然奇观型等3种类型；并提出重点发展旅游类型即民族风情旅游、农业观光旅游、军垦游和特有自然奇观游等。在分析了其优势资源的基础上。讨论了在生态旅游的开发过程中对自然生态环境和人文环境的影响，针对影响提出了基于6项基本目标的可持续发展对策。     

我国森林公园生态旅游发展评价及对策（英文）

森林公园是我国开展生态旅游的重要场所之一,森林生态旅游也是生态旅游的主要组成部分。文章以生态旅游原则为依据,构建了森林公园生态旅游发展评价指标体系,并基于全国27个省、自治区及直辖市的问卷调查数据分析,对我国森林公园生态旅游发展进行了评价分析,提出森林公园生态旅游可持续发展应重点关注推进旅游产业融合、挖掘民俗旅游产品、重视环境解说系统规划、完善符合生态化理念的基础与服务设施体系、加强环境监测系统建设、构建合理的社区参与机制、加强资金投入及注重生态旅游专业人才培养等方面对策建议,上述建议可对我国森林公园生态旅游发展与建设起到借鉴与指导作用。     

中国自然景观综合信息图谱的建立原则与方法

首先对地球信息图谱的基本概念进行了探讨,对自然景观的基本概念与中国自然景观综合信息图谱的科学基础进行了分析;提出了中国自然景观图谱的表现形式;然后论述了中国自然景观综合信息图谱设计与建立的原则与方法;最后阐明了中国自然景观综合信息图谱建立的方法与步骤,包括:自然景观类型的划分,自然景观类型轮廓界线的确定,图谱特征与指标及其检索系统的建立,图谱数量指标体系与图谱数学模型的建立,图谱信息数据库的建立,以及图谱应用分析等.     

生态旅游与生态旅游区

生态旅游为一种新兴的旅游方式。生态旅游旨在平衡旅游环境与资源的保护与旅游开发之间的关系。生态旅游主要是在生态旅游区内进行，对旅游规划提出了新的挑战。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,