白云鄂博群、渣尔泰群与辽北中上元古界对比

渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群与辽北汛河流域中上元古界中陆源碎屑普遍较多,三者沉积序列相同、岩石组合相似、含有相同的叠层石组合,为靠近古陆边缘同沉积断裂活动较强的环境形成的。它们与燕山地区中上元古界均属陆台沉积盖层,可以对比。应以燕山中上元古界划分标志对渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群划分对比。     

渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群碎屑锆石特征对源区地壳结构的启示

近年来,锆石的晶体形态、内部结构、年龄和Hf-O同位素分析已经成为盆地沉积物源区示踪的重要探针。渣尔泰群和白云鄂博群中碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在新太古代末期(～2.50 Ga)与古元古代末期(～1.90 Ga)两组,这两组碎屑锆石的相对丰度在层序上出现"振荡性"变化,这种变化特征与经典的源汇系统中构造一沉积响应的年代记录明显不一致。为研究渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群沉积层序中碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与源区构造演化之间的关系。本文系统总结了区域内大量相关的锆石U-Pb年龄数据,同时对渣尔泰群书记沟组和增隆昌组进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学研究。研究表明这两组年龄与南部大青山—乌拉山造山带中基底岩石记录的构造热事件年龄相一致,同时根据锆石结构特征认为～2.50 Ga的锆石来源于造山带内新太古代岩浆—变质地体,～1.90 Ga的锆石来源于高级变质—深熔地体。大青山—乌拉山造山带与这套中-新元古代沉积地层构成源汇系统。源区造山带下地壳新太古代与古元古代变质岩系近水平互层叠置是大青山—乌拉山造山带下地壳结构的基本特征,岩性变化率在垂向上远大于水平方向,是控制盆地中碎屑锆石组合变化的直接原因。     

内蒙古渣尔泰山群和白云鄂博群中Pt、Pd地球化学特征及找矿建议

内蒙古渣尔泰山群和白云鄂博群是一套陆源碎屑岩、泥页岩、碳酸盐岩,地层中Pt、Pd的含量与原岩中泥质、有机碳、有机质的含量有关。其中渣尔泰山群中的阿古鲁沟组炭质板岩、增隆昌组硅质炭质板岩为含Pt、Pd最佳层位(岩性),白云鄂博群中的比鲁特组千枚状板岩也为含Pt、Pd的最佳层位(岩性)。通过研究Pt、Pd的富集状况、存在形式、矿物学特征等,可查明渣尔泰山群、白云鄂博群中的含矿层位,以达到寻找铂、钯矿床的目的。     

关于华北元古宙富钾、富稀土沉积岩是白云鄂博大型稀土矿床矿源层的讨论

文章对大连、北京元古宙沉积岩及白云鄂博稀土矿围岩的岩石化学成分、独居石形态和稀土元素特征等进行了分析与总结,结果显示三者特征相似.因此认为白云鄂博的稀土矿不是来自地幔岩而是源于大陆增生,华北元古宙富钾、富稀土沉积岩可能是白云鄂博巨型稀土矿的矿源层.文章还提出了一个白云鄂博稀土矿的理想大陆增生成矿模式图.     

内蒙古四子王旗地区侵入白云鄂博群辉长岩的年龄及其对白云鄂博群时代的约束

内蒙古四子王旗大井坡一带发育的中新元古代白云鄂博群是白云鄂博矿区的东延部分。野外调查过程中在该地区新发现了两个侵入白云鄂博群的辉长岩体,其同位素年龄可很好地约束存在争议的白云鄂博群时代。将侵入都拉哈拉组的辉长岩体称为吉生太辉长岩,将侵入比鲁特组的辉长岩体称为大井坡辉长岩。采用LA-ICPMS法进行锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得了吉生太辉长岩的侵位年龄为1670±14Ma(MSWD=1.6),大井坡辉长岩的侵位年龄为1342±9Ma(MSWD=0.94)。依据辉长岩的同位素年龄,通过与燕辽裂陷槽元古代地层与岩浆事件对比,厘定了白云鄂博群的形成时代,建议将都拉哈拉组与尖山组划归古元古界长城系,即国际地层表的固结系;将哈拉霍圪特组划归中元古界蓟县系,即国际地层表的盖层系;将比鲁特组划归中国地层表的待建系下部,即国陆地层表的中元代延展系;将白音宝拉格组的时代划归青白口纪。通过对比发现白云鄂博裂陷槽经历的岩浆事件与华北板块及燕辽裂陷槽基本一致,其形成可能与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解有关。     

论燕山地区青白口系的解体

根据新的测年资料,原燕山地区青白口系下部的下马岭组被厘定为中元古界延展系(1400~1200Ma)地层。对上部现在尚未获得精确年龄的长龙山组和景儿峪组,本文通过它们与下伏地层界线性质的研究,以及它们与辽南和华南等新元古代典型沉积盆地不同发展阶段沉积特征的比较,认为它们并不是象过去K-Ar年龄所指示的那样属于青白口纪(或拉伸纪)的晚期地层,而可能是在全球罗地尼亚超大陆开始进一步裂解背景下形成的南华纪(或成冰纪)早期沉积,年龄可能在780Ma和660Ma之间。因此,燕山地区的原“青白口系”可能都不是真正青白口纪(1000~800Ma)的地层,燕山地区的原“青白口系”可能要被全部解体。     

华北燕山裂陷槽中元古代深水藻类生物沉积及其环境

河北平泉燕山裂陷槽中元古代地层中,藻席-藻团-藻丝-藻屑-泥晶薄层交替形成韵律沉积。经对系列标本(薄片)特征及其不同结构类型的对比分析,认为它们是在风暴浪基面之下,具风暴流浊积特征的深水藻类生物沉积系列。浅海叠层石及其他底栖藻类构成了从浅海至半深海上部浅水一个完整的藻类沉积序列,其不同类型的特征则成为鉴别沉积时各环境要素的可靠依据,即依据不同藻类生物沉积类型———藻席、藻团、藻丝及藻层的组合序列变化,作为判别200～400 m半深海浅水环境的依据。     

华北燕山造山带结构要素组合

采用造山带结构要素组合的概念,对华北燕山造山带进行了研究。燕山造山带各演化阶段的结构要素组合特征如下：前造山和初始造山幕(J1),早侏罗世早期为前造山伸展构造,结构要素组合有：三又式裂谷带、板内型玄武岩、含煤建造;早侏罗世晚期为初始造山收缩构造,结构要素组合有：向北倾伏的褶曲与逆冲、九龙山组类磨拉石建造,硬绿泥石一十字石一蓝晶石为标志的低温、中一高压变质带。早期造山幕(J2),中侏罗世早期为同造山伸展构造,结构要素组合有：岩石圈上隆伸展有关的火山盆地及可能的同期侵入岩,火山岩线型分布;中侏罗世晚期为收缩构造,有关的结构要素组合为：逆冲推覆和褶曲变形、磨拉石建造、同构造侵入体和角闪岩相变质岩。峰期造山幕(J3),晚侏罗世早期同构造伸展构造,结构要素组合有：岩石圈上隆伸展有关的火山盆地与同期侵入岩,火山岩面型分布,火成岩组合中出现高压粗面岩类,较大量的流纹岩;晚侏罗世晚期收缩构造有关结构要素组合为：逆冲推覆和褶曲变形、磨拉石建造、同构造侵入体和角闪岩相变质岩,侵入岩中出现高压正长岩类。早白垩世早期(K1^1)晚造山幕有关的结构要素组合为：收缩变形分布较局限,湖相沉积建造替代磨拉石建造,侵入岩组合中出现过碱性石英正长岩,大晶洞构造的花岗岩及科马提质辉长岩等。早白垩世晚期(K1^2)后造山幕伸展有关的结构要素组合为：正断层、变质核杂岩、双峰式岩墙辟、典型的过碱性花岗岩和含煤建造。     

The Sequence of Magmatic-Tectonic Events and Orogenic Processes of the Yanshan Belt, North China

This paper emphasizes that the interactive constraints of geology and isotopic dating is the best approach to construct the geological event sequence, and has compiled 106 data of reasonable isotopic ages for the igneous rocks of the Yanshan belt. We propose a sequence of mgmatic-tectonic events in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Yanshan orogen of North China. Five orogenic episodes are divided, (1) pre-and initial orogenic episode (Early Jurassic); (2) early orogenic episode (Middle Jurassic); (3) peak orogenic episode (Late Jurassic); (4) late orogenic episode (early Early Cretaceous), and (5) post-orogenic episode. Each episode is a short cycle, all of the orogenic processes construct a longer cycle, and they, in general, followed a counter-clockwise (ccw) PTt path. Finally, it is suggested that the Yanshanian movement was so intensive that the magmatism and tectonic deformation had involved all the lithosphere thickness and the late-Achaean-formed cratonic lithosphere had been significantly reworked.     

华北燕山地区雾迷山组疑源类化石组合及其特征

本文通过系统采样,利用化学浸泡法,对冀北坳陷凌源地区和宣龙坳陷北京延庆地区的雾迷山组疑源类进行了研究,并划分出四个化石组合,自下而上分别为:罗庄组合(Asperatopsophosphaera umishanensis-Oscillatori-opsis luozhuangensis)、磨盘峪组合(Stictosphaeridium pectinale-Micrhystridium pallidum)、二十里堡组合(Pale-amorpha punctulata-Orygmatosphaeridium rubignosum)和闪坡岭组合(Microconcentrica cymata-Baltisphaeridium cerinum).通过两个地区疑源类组合特征的对比,认为凌源地区和延庆地区雾迷山组微疑源类化石组合及特征具有可对比性.     

Sedimentary response to the intracontinental orogenic process: insight from the anatomy of a small Mesozoic basin in western Yanshan,northern North China

ABSTRACT

The intra-continental orogeny and tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Yanshan fold-thrust belt (YFTB) in the northern North China Craton (NCC) have been strongly debated. Here, we focus on the Shangyi basin, located in the centre of the YFTB. An integrated analysis of sedimentary facies, palaeocurrents, clast compositions, and detrital zircon dating of sediments was adopted to determine the palaeogeography, provenance, basin evolution, and intra-continental orogenic process. The Shangyi basin comprises the well-exposed Early–early Middle Jurassic Xiahuayuan Formation and the Longmen Formation, and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Tuchengzi Formation. Based on the 18 measured sections, five facies associations – including alluvial fan, fluvial, delta, lacustrine, and eolian facies – have been identified and described in detail. The onset of the Shangyi basin was filled with fluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine deposits controlled by the normal fault bounding the northern basin, corresponding to the pre-orogeny. In the Middle Jurassic, the cobble–boulder conglomerates of alluvial fan, as molasse deposits, were compatible with the syn-orogeny of the Yanshan movement, which played a critical role in northern North China and even East Asia. After the depositional break in the Middle–Late Jurassic, the Shangyi basin, controlled by the normal fault present in the north of the basin, re-subsided and quickly expanded southward with thick sedimentation, which is correlative with the post-orogeny. Combined with A-type granites, metamorphic core complexes, mafic dikes, and rift basins of the Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous present in the northern NCC and Mongolia, significant extension was widespread in the northern NCC and even in northeast Asia. Moreover, vertical changes of provenance indicate that the Taihang Mountain and the Inner Mongolia palaeo-uplift (IMPU) present at the west and north of the basin, respectively, experienced uplift twice in the Middle–Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, resulting in a regional depositional break.     

燕山地区新元古界青白口系沉积层序与地层格架研究

燕山地区是中国新元古界青白口系出露最好、层序较为完整的地区。从沉积特征研究入手,确定了各种沉积相、微相及沉积序列,在区内青白口系划分出4种沉积体系及5种沉积相、12种沉积亚相、16种微相。对副层序的主要类型及其特征进行了分析,结合层序界面和最大海泛面的研究,将区内青白口系划分出3个层序。在层序划分和对比基础上建立了燕山地区青白口纪的地层沉积格架并对其古地理演化进行了探讨。认为燕山青白口纪的沉积为华北陆块上真正的盖层沉积。     

辽西地区燕山板内造山带东段中生代逆冲推覆构造

本文厘定并阐述了辽西地区燕山中生代板内造山带东段发育的推覆构造的宏观构造格局、运动学特征、形成时代和形成过程；探讨了形成该构造体系的区域构造背景及其大地构造意义。该区的逆冲构造系统由6条主干逆冲断层组成。分布于西北和东南缘的两条最外缘逆冲断层走向为ENE，居于其间的逆冲断层呈NNE-NE，而且，向东北和南西方向这些断层具有汇合的趋势。在东北端收敛于凌源-东官营子断裂（“内蒙地轴”南缘断裂）上，而在西南端则汇拢于大屯-锦州断裂及其西延的密云-喜峰口断裂。总体上构成一个类似于双重构造（duplex)的巨型逆冲系统。该区逆冲作用始于中侏罗世之前，于株罗纪末达到高峰并基本形成了本区的推覆构造格局。本区逆冲断层系统，总体逆冲方向指向南东，与燕山板内造山带中段、西段以向北、北西逆冲为主的逆冲推覆构造明显不同。结合燕山中段发现的近东西向右行走滑断裂系统及其与本区逆冲推覆构造体系的时-空关系分析，指出本区逆冲推覆构造的形成，是没燕山东西向构造带右行走滑作用因构造方向的改变发生构造转换的结果。     

Implications of the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession Making up the Third Member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan Area of North China

A particular non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang (高于庄) Formation might demonstrate that a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma besides other three events of the Proterozoic,respectively,occurred at ca. 2 000 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 675 Ma. The forming duration of this non-stromatolitic carbonate succession can be generally correlative to that of a similar depositional succession in North America,i.e. a non-stromatolitic carbonate succession made up by the Helena Formation of the Belt Supergroup,which suggests that the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma may be a global event. This information endows the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the Yanshan (燕山) area with important significance for the further understanding of Precambrian sedimentology. The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan area is a set of more than 1 000 m thick carbonate strata that can be divided into four members (or subformations). The first member (or the Guandi (官地) subformation) is marked by a set of stromatolitic dolomites overlying a set of transgressive sandstones; the second member (or the Sangshu'an (桑树鞍) subformation) is a set of manganese dolomites with a few stromatolites; the third member (or the Zhangjiayu (张家峪) subformation) is chiefly made up of leiolite and laminite limestones and is characterized by the development of molar-tooth structures in leiolite limestone; the fourth member (or the Huanxiusi (环秀寺) subformation) is composed of a set of dolomites of stromatolitic reefs or lithoherms. Sequence-stratigraphic divisions at two sections,i.e. the Jixian (蓟县) Section in Tianjin (天津) and the Qiangou (千沟) Section of Yanqing (延庆) County in Beijing (北京),demonstrate that a particularly non-stromatolitic succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation is developed in the Yanshan area of North China,in which lots of grotesque matground structures (wrinkle structures and palimpsest ripples) are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Qiangou Section and lots of molar-tooth structures are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Jixian Section. The time scale of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is deduced as 200 Ma (from 1 600 Ma to 1 400 Ma). The duration of an obvious hiatus between the Gaoyuzhuang Formation and the underlying Dahongyu (大红峪) Formation is deduced as 50 Ma to 100 Ma,thus the forming duration of the GaoyuzhuangFormation is thought as 100 Ma (1 500 Ma to 1 400 Ma). Furthermore,the age of the subface of the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation that is just in the mid position of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation can be deduced as about 1 450 Ma,which is the basis to infer a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma. Importantly,several features of both the molar-tooth structure and the stromatolite,such as the particular forming environment,the important facies-indicative meaning,and the episodic distribution in the earth history,might express the evolutionary periodicity of the surface environment of the earth and can provide meaningful clues for the understanding of the Precambrian world,although their origin and forming mechanism is highly contentious. Therefore,like other three stromatolitic declines,respectively,occurring at ca. 675 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 2 000 Ma,the identification of the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma during the Golden Age of stromatolites (2 800 Ma to 1 000 Ma) has important meaning for the further understanding of the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.     

Petrogenesis of an Alkali Syenite-Granite-Rhyolite Suite in the Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt, Eastern North China Craton: Geochronological, Geochemical and Nd-Sr-Hf Isotopic Evidence for Lithospheric Thinning

The Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt in eastern China has been intrudedby a series of alkalic igneous rocks, ranging in compositionfrom granite and rhyolite to syenite and trachyte. Laser ablationinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb analysesof zircon from three alkaline suites yield Early Cretaceousages of 130–117 Ma. Three groups of rocks have been identifiedbased on their mineralogical, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hfisotope characteristics. The alkali granites and rhyolites areferroan and have low Al₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Sr, Ba and Eu concentrationsand high SiO₂, total Fe₂O₃, K₂O, Nb, Ga, Ta, Th and heavy rareearth element abundances and Ga/Al ratios. Geochemical dataand Sr-, Nd- and zircon Hf-isotopic compositions [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i= 0·7050–0·7164, _Nd(t) = –8·4to –13·6 and _Hf(t) = –5·7 to –16·8]indicate that they were probably generated by shallow dehydrationmelting of biotite- or hornblende-bearing granitoid crustalsource rocks and then mixed with contemporaneous magma froma mantle and/or lower crustal source. Ferroan syenites havedistinct geochemical features from those of the alkaline granitesand rhyolites, suggesting that they were produced by clinopyroxeneand plagioclase fractionation of melt derived from an enrichedmantle source, mixed with lower and upper crustal-derived magmas.The magnesian syenites and trachytes have Sr-, Nd- and zirconHf-isotopic compositions that are distinct from those of theferroan syenites. They were mainly derived from partial meltingof lower crustal materials, mixed with enriched mantle-derivedalkali basaltic magma. The emplacement of an alkali syenite–granite–rhyolitesuite, coeval with the formation of metamorphic core complexesand pull-apart basins in eastern China, indicates they formedin an extensional setting, possibly as a result of lithosphericthinning. KEY WORDS: alkaline rocks; zircon U–Pb dating; petrogenesis; crustal extension; Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt; North China Craton