湘南地区中生代花岗岩类成因类型划分及成矿关系

在总结了湘南地区中生代花岗岩类基本特征的基础上，根据源岩物质、成岩作用、岩石类型、暗色包体、暗色矿物、岩石化学、稀土元素、同位素、微量元素、成矿作用等，将湘南地区中生代花岗岩类划分为“S”型、“I”型、“A”型等3个成因类型，并对各成因类型与成矿的关系进行了探讨。     

华南两种类型花岗岩成岩-成矿作用的差异

华南地区主要产出两种类型的花岗岩类，一是壳源的陆壳重熔型花岗岩类，二是壳-幔混源的钙碱型浅成花岗岩类。二者不仅在成因上有很大差别，在成矿作用上也明显不同。本文通过实例，探讨了这两种类型花岗岩在成岩-成矿关系上的差异。研究表明，陆壳重熔型花岗岩类的成岩与对应的成矿作用之间存在着明显的时间差，以南岭地区为例，在燕山中期第一阶段170~150 Ma达到高潮的陆壳重熔型花岗岩类，其相关的钨锡等稀有金属矿化多发生在燕山中期第二阶段150~139 Ma，成岩与成矿相差10~20 Ma，这一时间差反映了这类花岗岩成岩作用与成矿作用之间在物质来源和地质构造背景等方面的差异。而那些壳-幔混源的钙碱型浅成花岗岩类，由于其成岩时就具备这种条件，因此成岩-成矿基本同时，没有明显的时间差。由此可见，大规模金属成矿作用主要与拉张的动力学背景、壳-幔相互作用、高的热流值，以及深部流体的参与密切相关。     

滇西地区壳源重熔花岗岩岩石类型,系列及与成矿的关系

滇西地区花岗岩根据其物源及岩石特征可划分为幔源分异和壳源重熔两大岩石系列,并将壳源重熔系列细分为三个成因类型和相应的成岩阶段。本文着重探讨壳源重熔花岗岩的时空分布、地质特征、演化及其与锡-多金属成矿的关系。滇西地区壳源重熔花岗岩纵向上可以构成一个完整的成岩成矿系列,横向上随同一类花岗岩岩浆分异又演化为若干亚系列。云龙锡矿带的志本山、石缸河和铁厂锡矿床是混染型亚系列系统演化的实例。     

西藏改则县铁格隆地区含矿玢岩特征与成因探讨

铁格隆地区含矿岩石以闪长玢石及石英闪长玢岩为主,属钙碱性岩系和高钾钙碱性岩系,显示I型花岗岩的特点。岩体形成于早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋盆俯冲消减构造环境,成岩岩浆属氧化型岩浆,来源于壳幔结合部,并受到壳源物质的强烈混染。与玉龙、冈底斯斑岩矿带含矿岩石进行对比,该含矿玢岩在岩石类型、岩石化学、地球化学及成岩构造环境等方面均存在明显差异,指示其成矿动力学背景、成矿机理与"碰撞"及"碰撞后"的斑岩型矿床不同,属形成于"岛弧"环境的斑岩型铜金矿床。     

北秦岭商南花岗岩体地质特征及其成因类型

商南花岗岩体位于北秦岭造山带商丹断裂北侧，主体侵位于古元古代秦岭岩群变质杂岩中，属于新元古代花岗岩类，已获单颗粒锆石蒸发Ｐｈ－Ｐｈ年龄８８９±２２Ｍａ．岩石类型包括：英云间长岩、花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩，以花岗间长岩为主体．岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明，商南岩体的主要岩石类型存在着明显的岩石成分演化关系，并具有Ｉ型和Ｓ型花岗岩的双重特征，以Ｉ型为主，属于Ｃａｓｔｒｏ等的Ｈ型花岗岩，成岩物质来源于壳幔混合源．     

花岗岩类源岩与深部地质作用关系研究的若干进展

花岗岩类源岩研究是成岩成矿物质演化过程研究的基础,各种各样花岗岩的存在归因于花岗岩源岩存在多样性,在不同层圈发生交代,熔融,同化,混染作用;同时,成矿元素亦存在不同深度层圈的多来源,在花岗岩成岩成矿过程中,岩石圈地幔起着重要作用。     

甘肃北山混合岩岩石特征及成因

各种不同类型的混合岩大都是壳型花岗岩(即S型花岗岩)在成岩过程中不同阶段的遗迹。澳大利亚学者B·W·查佩尔和A·J·R·怀特提出的S型花岗岩的成因观点已在我国广泛引用和流传,矿床学者力图把不同矿种归属于不同源岩的花岗岩所造成。笔者认为进一步认识壳型花岗岩特征与成矿的联系,将有助于问题的发展和解决,为此深入研究混合岩的岩石特征及混合岩化作用是非常重要的。本文初步总结了甘肃北山柳园、安北至北山煤窑一带混合岩的岩石特征及成因,以供研究者参考。     

闽西北地区中生代花岗岩类成矿作用探讨

闽西北中生代花岗岩总体上可分为重熔型和同熔型两种类型。根据研究区两种类型花岗岩产出构造部位，成岩物质来源以及成矿元素本身地球化学属性之间的差异；结合岩矿石多元素统计分析，岩石稀土元素特征及其配分型式，单矿物微量元素比值，铅同位素、氢氧同位素特征等，较系统地阐述了闽西北地区重熔、同熔型花岗岩类的成矿特点。     

太行山北段燕山期花岗岩成因类型及其成矿作用

根据地质及岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学、同位素资料综合分析，太行山北段燕山期花岗岩成因类型为壳幔混源的Ⅰ型花岗岩。区内成矿作用与该类花岗岩关系密切，具体表现在矿床（点）与岩体具有时空上的一致性，成矿物质与成岩物质具有同源性和深源性以及岩体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、Au、Ag元素丰度值较高等特点。矿化类型或成矿系列严格受岩石类型、化学成分、岩浆活动性质等因素控制，表现出明显的成矿专属性。部分熔融作用使下地壳物质形成熔浆的同时，还可以使下地壳中的成矿元素重新活化、迁移并富集在熔浆中，然后与深部上来的富含成矿元素的幔源岩浆一起混合形成壳幔混源的含矿母岩浆。因此，区内燕山期Ⅰ型花岗岩应该是成矿物质的主要提供者。并进一步指出软流圈物质大规模上涌是导致本区Ⅰ型花岗质岩浆活动及成矿作用的最根本的原因。     

黑龙江伊春地区早中生代花岗岩成矿作用 及成矿能力差异性探讨

伊春地区晚三叠世-早侏罗世花岗岩分布广泛,岩石主要类型有似斑状二长花岗岩-二长花岗斑岩、正长-碱长-碱性花岗岩等,在该地区已发现的与早中生代花岗岩侵入密切相关的铁多金属及金等大小矿床的成因类型主要为斑岩型、矽卡岩型、矽卡岩-热液型、岩浆热液型、浅成低温热液型等,成岩、成矿时代为晚三叠世-早侏罗世(U-Pb锆石LA-ICPMS年龄为191～225Ma之间),成矿时代略晚于成岩时代.依据早中生代花岗岩岩石类型、时代、构造-岩浆演化、花岗岩成因类型及其陆陆碰撞不同阶段构造背景下的成矿作用特征,将矿床成矿系列划分为:碰撞-碰撞后构造转换型似斑状二长花岗岩-二长花岗斑岩Mo-Pb-Zn-Fe-W-Au (Ag)成矿亚系列和碰撞后崩塌型正长-碱长-碱性花岗岩Fe-Mo-Pb-Zn-NbTa成矿亚系列,其成矿元素、矿化强度、类型等成矿特征上的差异,可能与源区物源、壳幔混合程度、混合比例和侵位深度,以及与成矿构造背景不同等综合因素有关.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861