蓟县剖面元古宙沉积物(1.8～0.85Ga)中的生物标志化合物特征

报道了蓟县剖面长达 10亿年的元古宙沉积物中生物标志化合物的组成和分布特征。结果表明 ,剖面样品具有基本类似的生物标志化合物组成 ,其中 ,特征的长链类异戊二烯化合物 ( >C2 0 )可能起源于元古宙燕山古海中的喜盐等古细菌 ,而 18 和 19 降松香 8,11,13 三烯则可能具有藻类起源。通过对生物标志化合物的组成分布特征与剖面各期古环境和古生物资料的对比 ,从分子的角度确证了古燕山盆地在其元古宙演化的各个时期环境与生物群落的转变     

煤系地层中有机质碳同位素组成特征

本文研究了我国几个含油气盆地中煤系地层干酪根碳同位素组成和氯仿抽提物族组份碳同位素组成特征.研究结果表明,在煤系地层中干酪根相对均较富集重碳同位素;不同煤系地层中干酪根碳同位素组成差异不大.煤系地层中可溶有机质烷烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质的碳同位素组成与非煤系地层源岩中可溶有机质的碳同位素分布特征有明显的差别,其分布特征不是随着族组份极性的增加而逐渐富集重碳同位素,而是烷烃组份相对其它三个组份明显富集轻碳同位素;芳烃组份相对非烃要稍富集重碳同位素.煤系地层中有机质碳同位素组成与现代沼泽沉积中的有机碳同位素组成存在明显的差别.     

沉积有机质中稳定碳同位素逆转现象初探

本文研究了沉积有机质的可溶部分（抽提物）和不溶部分（干酪根）及抽提物的族组分（饱和烃、芳烃、非烃、沥青质）的碳同位素组成特征。通过其δ13C的分布为:干酪根>抽提物;沥青质 >非烃 >芳烃 >饱和烃。研究表明由于生源物质的不同,沉积环境的差异可构沉积有机质碳同位素组成异常。如非烃 >沥青质 >芳烃 >非烃、本文称为沉积有机质碳同位素局部逆转。当沉积有机质可溶部分>干酪根时,称之为总体逆转。湖沼相或河间湖相高等植物来源常为正常组或型;经细菌强烈改造生源以高等植物为主有低等生物为类脂组分加入常形成局部逆转的碳同位素组成。总体逆转则常现于有机质演化程度很高的海相沉积岩中。     

辽河西部凹陷古潜山原油及其源岩的分子碳同位素地球化学

以辽河西部凹陷潜山带原油及其源岩为例,系统研究了正构烷烃、异戊二烯烷烃、异构与反异构及藿烷系列化合物的碳同位素组成与分布特征,探讨了其相互关系及生源-环境因素的影响。各系列化合物的分子碳同位素组成的变化具有较好的相关性,反映了沉积体系中生源-环境因素的系统变化。应用各系列分子碳同位素组成相关分析有效地区分了不同潜山带原油的油源差异。原油正构烷烃较异戊二烯烷烃碳同位素偏正0.5‰～5.0‰、姥鲛烷较植烷偏正0.4‰～1.4‰,指示了甲烷生成菌对植烷的重要贡献;C21 长链异戊二烯烷烃较植烷系列碳同位素偏正0.5‰～2.0‰,表明其生源存在差异。异构及反异构烷烃与其他系列化合物碳同位素的对比显示了蓝细菌对这类化合物的重要贡献。C31 藿烷较C30藿烷富集13C达10‰～12‰,指示其生源不同,13C强烈损耗型C30藿烷(-61.2‰～-51.8‰)主要衍生于嗜甲烷菌,它们生存于Es4期强烈分层水体中的缺氧/有氧界面。Es3油源油中正构烷烃碳同位素特别偏正,且异构、反异构烷烃及藿烷碳同位素都明显偏正,综合反映了蓝细菌的重要贡献,而干酪根碳同位素明显偏正及4-甲基甾烷相对富集指示了沟鞭藻对沉积有机质的重要贡献。     

轮南14井原油正构烷烃和类异戊二烯单体碳同位素研究

通过对轮南14井正构烷烃和类异戊二烯烃的单体碳同位素分析,证实该井奥陶系和石炭系油藏具有相同或相似的油源,而三叠系油藏与奥陶系、石炭系油藏具有较大的碳同位素差异,反映其油源不同.在奥陶系、石炭系和三叠系油藏中,均呈现出类异戊二烯烃碳同位素值略重于同碳数正构烷烃的特征,结合前人研究成果,从生物合成途径及分子内碳同位素的分布角度出发得到合理的解释.     

沾化凹陷生油岩的裂解色谱、裂解色谱-质谱分析及地球化学意义

有机地球化学研究中,目前大量的报导是对地质样品中可溶有机质的组成、结构的研究。可溶有机质中正烷烃偶奇优势,甾、萜分布等,已广泛用于油、气勘探,评价生油岩有机质母质来源、成熟度和对比油源。但可溶有机质碳含量占生油岩中有机碳不到百分之五,生油岩中大部分有机质是以干酪根形式存在,油、气的成因与干酪根密切相关。近年来,裂解色谱、裂解色谱-质谱已用于研究干酪根中结合烃类的组成、结构,并用于指示沉积岩中有机质的成熟度、母质输入等[1、2、2],我国近年来也开始研究干酪根的裂解色谱1)，本文则报导利用裂解色谱、裂解色谱一质谱研究一个已知地球化学剖面沉积有机质成熟度和沉积环境的尝试，探索建立评价生油岩成熟度的快速、有效的有机地球化学方法。     

四川盆地海、陆相烃源岩有机质稳定碳同位素组成变化及其地球化学意义

采用质谱和色谱-同位素质谱技术,测定了500余个干酪根及饱和烃、芳烃组份、正构烷烃的δ13C值,以此揭示了四川盆地海、陆相烃源岩有机碳同位素组成随地质时代的变化特点及其在高成熟阶段的演化特征,并结合其他相关分析资料,应用碳同位素剖析了不同类型海、陆相烃源岩的有机质生源及沉积环境。研究结果表明,该盆地从震旦系灯影组到中三叠统雷口坡组的海相地层中,干酪根的碳同位素组成随层位变新呈逐渐变重的趋势,可能的原因之一是浮游植物的进化作用;而上三叠统须家河组至中侏罗统千佛崖组的陆相有机质碳同位素组成则有反向的年代变化,主要与生源构成和沉积环境性质有关。这些海、陆相烃源岩的有机源难以用干酪根δ13C值进行区分,而可用饱和烃与芳烃组份的δ13C及其CV值来区别。海洋和湖泊不同沉积相带烃源岩的干酪根具有明显不同的δ13C值,结合其他相关资料可识别其有机质来源。煤系地层中煤与泥岩在干酪根碳同位素组成上没有可区分性,而两者有不同的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线。从成熟晚期到高-过成熟阶段,海、陆相干酪根的碳同位素均变重1~2‰,煤系泥岩的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线由负向线型分布向平直型演变。这些碳同位素的变化特征为油气源对比和烃源识别提供了依据。     

烃源岩残留沥青中正构烷烃分子的碳同位素研究

对不同类型烃源岩残留沥青中ｎC₁₅正构烷烃分子碳同位素特征的研究表明，古生界海相碳酸盐生油岩和中生界淡水湖相泥质生油岩的ｎC₁₅正构烷烃分子呈富12C的碳同位素组成特征；沼泽相腐殖煤的正构烷烃分子呈富C₁₅的特征。煤系暗色泥岩的正构烷烃分子碳同位素组成介于两者之间。沉积环境和有机母质性质是制约烃源岩正构烷烃分子碳同位素特征的主要因素。ｎC₁₅正构烷烃分子系列碳同位素特征不仅是一个良好的油－岩对比和原油成因判识指标，而且还可用于煤成油的进一步划分对比。     

辽西下白垩统义县组单体烃碳同位素组成变化的物源及环境意义

辽宁西部白垩系义县组三段沉积于火山活动频繁时期,是富含热河生物化石群的重要层段。本文拟对义县组三段四合屯剖面进行了系统的有机地球化学研究,包括总有机碳(TOC)丰度、饱和烃的组成与分布以及单体烃稳定碳同位素组成等分析。结果显示剖面下部(161.5 cm以下)富含化石层段的TOC含量明显高于上部,表明剖面下部生物的发育与生产力较高。饱和烃的组成分布在剖面上具有明显的阶段性变化特征,剖面底部和上部以高碳数正构烷烃占优势,中部以中等碳数正构烷烃占优势。正构烷烃碳同位素组成在–38.6‰~–26.0‰之间,自下而上逐渐呈正偏的趋势。剖面上正构烷烃主峰碳及碳同位素组成的规律性变化可能与古气候环境变化密切相关。伽马蜡烷的普遍检出以及低的姥植比(Pr/Ph0.8)表明当时沉积环境为强还原且具一定盐度分层的水体,沉积有机质得到较好保存。此外,根据高等植物叶蜡烷烃碳同位素组成重建的古大气CO_2碳同位素组成在–10‰~–3‰之间,自下而上呈逐渐正偏后又回归的特点,反映了频繁的火山喷发活动造成大气CO_2浓度变化及其碳同位素组成的偏移效应。     

松辽盆地基底浅变质岩的有机地球化学特征

松辽盆地基底石炭-二叠系地层处于浅变质阶段.岩石有机地球化学分析表明,有机碳含量 0.05%～ 2.08%,氯仿沥青" A"含量 0.000 3%～ 0.002 9%, MAB抽提物含量 0.001 2%～ 0.002 8%, H/C摩尔比 0.10～ 0.52, Ro范围 2.98%～ 4.16%.随成熟度的增加,可溶有机质含量以及干酪根 H/C摩尔比降低.按岩石抽提物的正构烷烃分布和生物标志化合物的分布可把样品分为两类,第一类样品中正构烷烃分布呈偶碳优势,伽马蜡烷丰度高、 C28甾烷丰度高,反映高盐度环境菌、藻有机质的贡献;第二类样品中正构烷烃分布呈奇碳优势,伽马蜡烷丰度低、 C29甾烷丰度高,反映陆源植物为主要生源的沉积特征.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861