基于水位的依兰伊通断裂带构造应力场初步研究

正郯庐断裂带在沈阳以北由一支分为两支NE向的依兰—伊通断裂带和NEE向的敦化—密山断裂带,这两条断裂带构成了郯庐断裂带北延的主体部分,贯穿东北三省的依兰-伊通断裂是东北地区规模最大的断裂,沿断裂分布有吉林市、长春市、佳木斯市等许多人口密集、经济发达的市县。自有文字记载以来,沿断裂曾发生过300余次中小地震。断裂带上发生过     

基于遥感技术研究依兰-伊通断裂带

郯庐断裂带是中国东部的大型走滑断裂, 在沈阳以北由一支分为两支: 依兰—伊通断裂带和敦化-密山断裂带。 利用遥感数据并结合DEM (数字高程模型)数据对郯庐断裂带北段的依兰-伊通断裂带进行了分析研究。 根据该断裂带的形态特征将其划分成三段(沈阳—开原段、 开原—依兰段、 依兰—萝北段)。 沈阳—开原段为单条断裂, 它分隔了下辽河平原和辽东山地; 开原—依兰段为双边不对称断裂, 两支断裂相向内倾形成地堑, 隔大黑山分隔了松辽盆地和那丹哈达岭; 依兰-萝北段断裂较为隐伏, 该段是小兴安岭和三江盆地的分界。 通过分析依兰—伊通断裂带对河流和其他断裂的错动情况, 进一步揭示了郯庐断裂带曾经历了早期左旋走滑和后期右旋走滑的历史。 另外还对伊通地堑进行了较为详细的描述及说明, 通过对其DEM作横向和纵向的剖面分析证实了其西北边界为主要控盆断裂。     

郯庐断裂北带地区主要构造单元壳幔结构特征与地震活动性.

以东北地区的地学断面及其相关资料为基础,分析了郯庐断裂北带地区的地壳-上地幔结构特征与不同地壳构造单元地震活动性之间的关系．结果表明:郯庐断裂北带两侧的壳幔结构存在明显差异,断裂带本身的发育与壳幔结构变异带关系密切;断裂的活动特点及分段明显受到地壳介质力学特性影响;郯庐断裂北带地区软流层的起伏与地貌形态呈明显的镜像关系,前者还制约着不同地壳构造单元的构造活动性及变形方式;郯庐断裂北带地区南、北两端地震较为活跃地段均与壳内低速 高导层发育地段相对应的事实,证明了刚性地块中壳幔结构较为复杂的活动断裂段是构成中强地震的主要控震构造．      

依兰-伊通断裂全新世活动的新发现及其意义

郯庐断裂带东北段依兰-伊通断裂历史上没有发生过6级以上地震,一般认为是第四纪早期活动断裂,为中强地震发震构造.通过高分辨率卫星影像解译和野外调查,在该断裂多个段落发现断错河流Ⅰ级阶地等全新世地貌面、高1～2m的地表陡坎.其中,在通河县附近的最新地表陡坎长约70km,舒兰附近的最新地表陡坎长约10km.分别对黑龙江通河县...     

伊通—舒兰断裂带舒兰段气体地球化学特征初步研究

正郯庐断裂带是东亚大陆上的一条主干断裂带,其在沈阳以北由一支分为两支:NE向的依兰—伊通断裂带和NEE向的敦化—密山断裂带。依兰—伊通断裂带在吉林省境内称为伊通—舒兰断裂带,也是由东支和西支断裂组成,两条断裂相距10~20km。该断裂带沿北东方向经四平、伊通、舒兰向北东方向延伸到黑龙江省通河一带。中间多处被NW向及NNW向次级断裂截错,第四纪以来在该断裂带发生的火山活动和频繁的地震活动多与这些断裂及     

郯庐断裂（沈阳—渤海段）地震复发周期与危险性研究

从郯庐断裂（沈阳-渤海段）地质构造和地球物理场特征出发,借助历史中强震复发周期和地震时空分布特征,对该区强震的危险性做了初步分析。结果表明该区6级和7级地震复发周期分别为18年和95年。目前郯庐断裂沈阳-渤海段接近6．5级地震的复发时段,值得注意地区为NNE向郯庐断裂与NW（或NNW）向断裂的交汇部位以及4级地震活动集中区附近。     

辽宁省及邻近地区主要地震构造及其危险性判定

辽宁省及邻近地区的地震活动主要集中在海城地震区、下辽河—辽东湾、鸭绿江口和辽东半岛西侧的金州断裂沿线,地震活动与地质构造之间具有高度的相关性,明显受到了NE—NNE向和NW向两组构造的制约,构造交会部位亦即地震活动条带的结点是破坏性地震的多发区。研究表明,金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段、海城河断裂、鸭绿江断裂西支东港以南段等6条地震构造(段)是区内危险性最高的地震构造,按照4级划分原则,可将其确定为高危险等级;金州断裂金州—普兰店段、郯庐断裂带渤中北—辽东湾段、依兰—伊通断裂铁岭—开原北段等10条地震构造(段)确定为较高危险等级;郯庐断裂带下辽河段、医巫闾山西侧断裂等4条地震构造(段)危险等级一般,其它地震构造(段)的危险性较低。     

郯庐断裂带北段及邻区现代地震活动性与应力状态

收集了郯庐断裂带北段及邻区自1964年1月至2008年1月的1254个ML≥2.0的地震数据和191条震源机制解、198条原地应力测量数据,通过震中分布、震源深度、应变释放速率的分析计算和震源机制解及其它应力数据的统计,探讨了郯庐北段现今的地震活动性和应力状态。结果表明,郯庐断裂带北段及邻区的地震活动可分为日本海-长白山深震区、郯庐断裂带北段地震区、松辽盆地西缘地震区和松辽盆地内部地震区;郯庐断裂带北段现今地震强度较小,频度较低,但空间差异性显著,依兰-伊通断裂活动性比敦化-密山断裂强,且具有两端强而中间弱的分段活动特点;深震区P轴平均走向为288°,倾角约31°,断裂活动以逆断为主;郯庐断裂带北段附近浅震P轴走向以NEE-SWW向为主,倾角平均26°,T轴走向以NNW-SSE向为主,倾角平均23°,断裂活动以走滑和逆断为主。浅震区和深震区主压应力方位存在差异,这可能是在西太平洋板块低角度高速水平消减产生的NWW向挤压应力作用下,郯庐断裂北段右行走滑派生的次级应力场的影响     

依兰-伊通断裂方正段晚第四纪以来的构造活动及其地貌表现

方正断陷是位于依兰-伊通断裂中北部的一级负向构造单元,依兰-伊通断裂构成盆地边界的控堑断裂,在盆地中部发育走滑断裂(伊汉通断裂),与边界断裂一起构成统一的断裂系统。该中部断裂的最新活动在地貌上具有明显的表现,在卫星影像上显示出清晰的线性。笔者在高分辨率卫星影像解译的基础上,通过野外地质地貌观察测量等手段,分析认为此断裂为一长期活动断裂,普遍错断河流一级阶地,并有连续的断层陡坎展布,最新的活动时代为全新世,应该曾发生过7级以上地表破裂型地震。现今以右旋走滑运动为主,兼具垂向滑动分量,并且垂向上表现为枢纽断层的运动特征。这些结果与前人认为的依兰-伊通断裂晚第四纪以来活动性极弱,东北地区是我国构造最稳定的地区的结论似乎不甚相符。笔者认为还需要更深入的工作,以分析该断裂与盆地边界断裂的关系,并以科学的态度认识依兰-伊通断裂活动特征,充分认识其地震危险性。     

安徽明光隐伏活动断裂的发现及其意义

安徽嘉山明光镇及附近的中新世明光组碎屑岩中曾发现古地震遗迹,更有著名的郯庐断裂通过该区,但郯庐断裂究竟从何处通过,其具体结构和最新活动时代等尚未见确切报道。 前不久,笔者通过明光地震小区划场地的现场调研,收集和分析了诸方面资料,对郯庐断裂在该地区隐伏的具体部位和活动性特征等方面取得了一些新的认识     

红河断裂带第四纪活动的时空演化特征

在前人研究的基础上，结合断裂带沿线的构造地貌、断层岩组合及大量与断裂相关的地层年代，综合分析了红河断裂带第四纪以来活动的总趋势：随着活动时代的趋新，活动中心由南向北逐渐迁移，全新世晚期以来的活动中心位于大理、弥渡一带；探讨了该断裂带第四纪活动的时空演化规律，为断裂带不同区段地震危险性的评估提供了依据     

红河断裂带北段温泉水循环深度与地震活动性的关系探讨

利用SiO_2地热温标计算了红河断裂带北段14个温泉水的热储温度,并结合当地地温梯度计算了温泉水的循环深度,同时统计分析了886～1987年间的地震频度和震源深度。作者从水对断裂及其围岩的弱化的角度讨论了温泉水深循环对断裂强度、断裂摩擦力和地震活动性的影响。结果表明,各亚段地震活动性差异与水对各亚段的弱化程度有关。认为温泉水循环深度最深的洱源亚段相当于“滑移区”,而温泉水循环深度较浅的剑川亚段和弥渡亚段及温泉稀少的大理亚段则相当于“闭锁区”,强震将孕育于温泉水循环深度较深的地区的两端     

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.     

THE RESEARCH OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THE DEEP SEISMIC DATA AND THE SURFACE TECTONIC DEFORMATION

The seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake has remained in suspensed until now. Several faults or tectonics, including basal slipping zone, unknown blind thrust fault and piedmont buried fault, etc, are all considered as the possible seismogenic structure. This paper tries to make some new insights into this unsolved problem. Firstly, based on the data collected from the dynamic seismic stations located on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault deployed by the Institute of Earthquake Science from 2008 to 2009 and the result of the aftershock relocation and the location of the known faults on the surface, we analyze and interpret the deep structures. Secondly, based on the terrace deformation across the main earthquake zone obtained from the dirrerential GPS meaturement of topography along the Qingyijiang River, combining with the geological interpretation of the high resolution remote sensing image and the regional geological data, we analyze the surface tectonic deformation. Furthermore, we combined the data of the deep structure and the surface deformation above to construct tectonic deformation model and research the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Preliminarily, we think that the deformation model of the Lushan earthquake is different from that of the northern thrust segment ruptured in the Wenchuan earthquake due to the dip angle of the fault plane. On the southern segment, the main deformation is the compression of the footwall due to the nearly vertical fault plane of the frontal fault, and the new active thrust faults formed in the footwall. While on the northern segment, the main deformation is the thrusting of the hanging wall due to the less steep fault plane of the central fault. An active anticline formed on the hanging wall of the new active thrust fault, and the terrace surface on this anticline have deformed evidently since the Quaterary, and the latest activity of this anticline caused the Lushan earthquake, so the newly formed active thrust fault is probably the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Huge displacement or tectonic deformation has been accumulated on the fault segment curved towards southeast from the Daxi country to the Taiping town during a long time, and the release of the strain and the tectonic movement all concentrate on this fault segment. The Lushan earthquake is just one event during the whole process of tectonic evolution, and the newly formed active thrust faults in the footwall may still cause similar earthquake in the future.     

DETERMINATION OF SLIP RATE ON THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE ANNINGHE FAULT

The Anninghe Fault has been suggested as an important segment of the fault system along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted block in the southeastern region of the Tibetan plateau. Reliable determination of the Late Quaternary slip rate on the Anninghe Fault is very helpful and significant for revealing deformation mechanism and kinematic characteristics of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted block, which further helps us understand fault activity and seismic potential of the region. However, previous studies were focused mainly on the northern segment of the Anninghe Fault, while slip rate on its southern segment has been less studied. Therefore, in this paper, we chose two sites at Dashuigou and Maoheshan on the southern segment of the Anninghe Fault, and used high-resolution images of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)photogrammetry technology, detailed field survey, multiple paleoseismic trenching and radiocarbon dating methods to constrain slip rate on the southern fault segment of the Anninghe Fault. Specifically, we suggest that the slip rate at the Dashuigouo site is narrowly constrained to be~4.4mm/a since about 3^￣￣300a^￣￣BP based on a linear regression calculation method, and speculate that a slip rate of 2.6~5.2mm/a at the Maoheshan site would be highly possible, although we poorly constrained the whole deformation amount of the two branch faults at the Maoheshan site from multiple paleoseismic trenching. The data at the two sites on the southern segment show a consistent slip rate compared with that of the northern segment of the Anninghe Fault. Moreover, considering a similar paleoseismic recurrence interval on the two segments of the Anninghe Fault from previous studies, we further suggest that the fault activity and deformation pattern on the two segments of the Annignhe Fault appears to be well consistent, which is also in agreement with the regional tectonic deformation.     

渭河盆地北缘断裂带活动特征的初步研究

本文从渭河盆地北缘断裂的形成和活动时代,活动特征等资料出发,结合北缘断裂带及整个盆地历史地震活动和新生界地层发育特征的综合分析,对北缘断裂带的活动期次,主要断层的运动幅度和滑动速率及其时空演变规律和机制等问题进行了探讨。文章指出,北缘断裂带的形成是一个由盆地中心向北逐渐扩展的过程,自上新世起,断层活动明显有东强西弱的变化特征,而且扩展方向也发生了偏转。这一转变及活动强度的东西差异与山西剪切带对渭河盆地的影响密切相关     

RESPONSES OF THE S-A DOUBLE-LOG GRAPH,CONCAVITY INDEX AND STEEPNESS INDEX OF CHANNELS TO THE TECTO-NIC MOVEMENT OF THE HUOSHAN PIEDMONT FAULT

The Huoshan piedmont fault is a small watershed region in Shanxi Province. We utilized the high-resolution DEM data and the stream-power incision model which describes the relationship between the tectonic uplift and fluvial incision to analyze the S-A double-log graph, concavity index (θ)and steepness index (logk_s) of the 64 channels across this fault and discuss their responses to the tectonic movement of the fault. The results show that (1)the S-A double-log graphs all exhibit an obvious convex form, which is the direct expression of the response to the situation that the bedrock uplift rate is higher than the fluvial incision rate. (2)All of the concavity index (θ)values of 64 channels are lower than 0.35 with an average value of 0.223, much lower than the empirical value (0.49)of the rivers in steady state. These low values are the quantitative reflections of the channels' slightly concave profiles. Meanwhile they imply that these channels across the fault are very young. There is no enough time for them to adjust the profiles through the fluvial incision to the steady state because of the fault's frequent and strong tectonic movements. (3)The steepness index values of the channels located in the Laoyeding Mt. are highest, while they are lower in the northern and southern mountains. Moreover, the steepness index values of the channels in the northern mountains, on average, are higher than those of the channels in the southern mountains. To a certain extent, this distribution of the steepness index corresponds to the difference in the uplift rates of the Huoshan piedmont fault. It means that the uplift rate of the middle fault segment in the Laoyeding Mt. is highest, and the uplift rate of the northern segment is higher than that of the southern segment.     

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.     

大凉山断裂带北段石棉断裂的古地震

大凉山断裂带是大型走滑断裂鲜水河-小江断裂系的重要组成部分,其活动性是认识和探讨青藏高原东南缘现今地震活动和构造变形机制的重要基础资料.相较于中段和南段,关于大凉山断裂带北段活动性的相关研究成果,尤其是古地震资料非常缺乏.文中基于野外地质地貌调查,在石棉断裂联合村处开挖了一组(2个)探槽,揭露出断裂全新世活动的直接证据...     

临潼-长安断裂带晚第四纪以来的活动性

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