钙质底栖有孔虫壳的溶解试验

用相同pH值的醋酸(HAc)-醋酸钠(NaAc)缓冲溶液,对不同大小、属种的底栖有孔虫壳体进行溶解试验,并结合壳体成分、壳壁厚度、壳壁孔的有无、大小及密度进行了综合分析.本文认为,引起有孔虫壳差异溶解的因素首先是壳体大小,其次是壳体成分和壳体结构;通过不同pH值的醋酸-醋酸钠溶液对有孔虫壳体的溶解试验,发现pH在5.5-6.0之间时(常温、常压),有孔虫壳的溶解作用最为稳定.本文还讨论了浅水底栖有孔虫的保存问题.     

珠江口表层沉积物底栖有孔虫分布及环境指示

对珠江口134个站位的表层沉积物进行底栖有孔虫分析,共发现底栖有孔虫68属106种,其中玻璃质壳48属65种,瓷质壳17属21种,胶结壳3属20种.有孔虫丰度、种数和分异度都基本表现为由河口向外海迅速增加.对有孔虫属种数据使用因子分析,前3个因子解释了总方差的86.2％,根据有孔虫属种因子得分情况,将有孔虫划分为Amm...     

长江口低氧区底栖有孔虫组合

对全球低氧区的分布、形成机制以及低氧区海水表层特征、海底地球化学特征、生物特征等进行了系统的描述。着重对全球低氧区的底栖有孔虫特征进行了分析、对比,并与长江口底栖有孔虫特征相结合,讨论适合指示长江口低氧区的底栖有孔虫组合,初步分析认为Epistominella naraensis(奈良小上口虫)、Bulimina marginata(具缘小泡虫)、Bolivina spp.(箭头虫诸种)、Florilus spp.(花朵虫诸种)、Ammonia spp.(卷转虫诸种)以及Bulliminella spp.(微泡虫诸种)为长江口低氧区的敏感种,具有低氧环境的指示意义,并可以作为古低氧事件研究的标志。但实际应用时应根据研究需要取合适的属种组合使用。     

东沙西南海域表层底栖有孔虫碳同位素对冷泉活动的指示

底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏记录是冷泉活动的重要指标之一。对南海北部东沙西南海域4个含碳酸盐结核的表层沉积物样品中的6种底栖有孔虫进行了氧碳同位素分析,结果表明,表生属种Discanomalina semiungulata、Cibicides wullerstorfi、Cibicides pseudoungerianus、Cibicides lobatulus的碳同位素,相对同水深南海现代表生底栖有孔虫有明显的负偏记录,尤其是表生种D.semiungulata基本都偏负;内生种Lenticulina orbicularis也有部分负偏,而Uvigerina auberiana的碳同位素则明显偏正;几种底栖有孔虫的碳同位素波动幅度都明显较大,明显超出了南海最近两个冰期-间冰期旋回中碳同位素的变化幅度。其中生活在蠕虫管壁上的活体底栖有孔虫D.semiungulata和C.lobatulus的同位素都呈明显的负偏,认为该区底栖有孔虫碳同位素这种负偏和波动幅度大可能是由于冷泉活动造成的。活体底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏表明该区可能存在有正在活动的冷泉,其中表生种D.semiungulata的大量出现可以作为南海冷泉活动的一个潜在指示标志。     

南海北部海域表层沉积物底栖有孔虫分布特征及影响因素

有孔虫在海洋环境指示方面具有重要意义,对现代环境中有孔虫的分布及影响因素进行研究有助于利用有孔虫对地质历史时期的沉积环境进行还原。我国南海海域辽阔,南海有孔虫的相关研究很早便有报道。对我国南海北部海域表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫分布特征进行了描述,研究区以玻璃质壳底栖有孔虫占主导,胶结壳其次,瓷质壳最少。根据底栖有孔虫的分布特征划分了4个底栖有孔虫组合,组合1为Heterolepa subpraecincta - Hanzawaia mantaensis - Rotalinoides gaimardii;组合2为Bulimina marginate - Lagena substriata;组合3为Elphidium advenum - Pararotalia nipponica;组合4 为Recurvoides contortus - Ammodisus cretaceous - Bulimina aculeata。对影响该区域底栖有孔虫分布的环境因素进行了探究,结果表明,温度、盐度、底质类型等对底栖有孔虫的分布均存在一定程度的影响,海流对研究区底栖有孔虫时空分布的影响值得进一步探究。     

底栖有孔虫对厦门YunDang湖污染的监测作用

１９９２年１１月至１９９３年８月对厦门ＹｕｎＤａｎｇ湖及厦门西港部分海域底栖有孔虫及相关的环境化学要素进行了４个季度月的调查，发现ＹｕｎＤａｎｇ湖的底栖有孔虫可分为三个群落，即正常群落、半污染群落和污染群落，分别代表了湖内不同污染程度环境，同时发现了底栖有孔虫的耐污种类和对污染敏感种类，它们具有指示环境的意义。     

南海北部浅表层沉积底栖有孔虫碳同位素及其对富甲烷环境的指示

对南海北部陆坡东沙海域、神狐海域及西沙海槽甲烷渗漏环境和无甲烷渗漏环境87个浅表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫Uvigerinaspp.进行碳同位素分析研究,结果表明,东沙海域δ13C值为-0.52‰~-5.68‰,平均值为-1.41‰,出现明显的负偏移;神狐海域δ13C值介于-0.36‰~-1.10‰,平均值为-0.75‰,未见明显的δ13C值负偏移;西沙海槽δ13C值介于-0.01%~-0.89‰,平均值为-0.45‰;对Uvigerinaspp.碳同位素组成与沉积物有机碳(TOC)、甲烷(CH4)间的关系进行探讨,发现δ13C负偏移主要出现在甲烷渗漏环境,发生在末次盛冰期,与溶解无机碳负偏移以及沉积物全样的δ13C值负偏移层位相吻合,有可能作为富甲烷环境的替代指标。     

底栖有孔虫对厦门筼筜湖污染的监测作用

1992年11月至1993年8月对厦门湖及厦门西港部分海域底栖有孔虫及相关的环境化学要素进行了4个季度月的调查，发现湖的底栖有孔虫可分为三个群落，即正常群落、半污染群落和污染群落，分别代表了湖内不同污染程度环境，同时发现了底栖有孔虫的耐得种类和对污染敏感种类，它们具有指示环境的意义。     

冷泉甲烷渗漏环境底栖有孔虫研究回顾与前景

综述了与天然气水合物有关的冷泉甲烷渗漏环境底栖有孔虫研究成果与应用.冷泉甲烷渗漏环境是区别于一般深海环境的特殊微环境,随着天然气水合物勘探的深入和设备的更新,越来越多的冷泉被发现,冷泉底栖有孔虫的研究随之展开.生活在冷泉环境下的底栖有孔虫群落尤其适应高有机质、低氧、有甲烷释放的特定环境,并能将水合物甲烷碳同位素值异常低...     

南海东沙海域HD319岩心富甲烷环境底栖有孔虫群落结构

对南海东北部东沙海域HD319岩心富甲烷环境和非富甲烷环境底栖有孔虫进行对比研究,旨在探讨富甲烷环境对底栖有孔虫群落结构的影响。结果表明,该岩心富甲烷环境和非富甲烷环境的底栖有孔虫组成有所差异:富甲烷缺氧环境底栖有孔虫群落中耐低氧类内生种群占绝对优势,Uvigerina(U.peregerina,U.hispido-costata,U.rugosa,U.probscidea,U.spp.),Bulimina(B.aculeata,B.mexicana),Bolivina(B.bradyi,B.quadrilatera),Globocassidulina subglobosa,Brizalina superba,Hoglundina elegans等冷泉甲烷相关种大量出现;非富甲烷一般低氧环境下底栖有孔虫以内生种含量占优势,表生种和旋向种零星出现;富氧环境下底栖有孔虫以表生种和旋向种占优势,受有机碳含量变化控制明显。推测底栖有孔虫这种群落结构的差异是适应高甲烷含量的结果,底栖有孔虫对富甲烷环境的响应通过群落结构的差异表现出来。     

海洋酸化和低氧及其节律性变化对海蜇碟状幼体的影响

人类生产活动引起的全球气候变化加剧作为重要的环境问题,海洋中pCO₂和溶解氧的失衡及富营养化加剧了许多沿海生态系统的酸化和低氧现象。海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)为我国重要的渔业资源之一,具有食用价值及潜在药用价值。本研究评估了海蜇碟状幼体在海洋酸化和低氧及其昼夜节律变化胁迫下的生理响应:碟状幼体暴露于两个pH水平(酸化pH 7.6,正常pH 8.1)和两个溶解氧水平(低氧2mg·L^–1,常氧7mg·L^–1)维持7d,胁迫因素维持恒定或昼夜节律性变化,测定其伞部直径、收缩频率及酸碱平衡、免疫和抗氧化相关酶活力。研究表明,海洋酸化和低氧在不同程度上影响海蜇碟状幼体的生理代谢和生长发育,且酸化和低氧之间表现出部分拮抗作用,昼夜波动的暴露模式对海蜇碟状幼体的损伤程度大于恒定的暴露模式。     

西北冰洋表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫组合及其古环境意义

通过对中国第1~4次北极考察在西北冰洋采集的表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫丰度及其优势种分布特征与环境因素关系的综合研究发现,楚科奇海区低的底栖有孔虫丰度主要受较高的陆源物质输入的稀释作用影响;楚科奇海台和阿尔法脊较高的底栖有孔虫丰度主要受到暖而咸的大西洋中层水的影响;受碳酸钙溶解作用影响的门捷列夫深海平原和加拿大海盆底栖有孔虫丰度较低,并且水深3 597 m的站位出现了似瓷质壳的Pyrgo williamsoni和Quinqueloculina orientalis,说明该区的CCD深度大于3 600 m。根据底栖有孔虫7个优势属种的百分含量分布特征可以划分出5个区域组合:南楚科奇海陆架-白令海峡组合以优势种Elphidium excavatum和Buccella frigida为特征,可能反映受白令海陆架水影响的浅水环境;阿拉斯加沿岸-波弗特海组合以优势种Florilus scaphus和Elphidium albiumbilicatum为特征,可能反映受季节性海冰融化,低盐的阿拉斯加沿岸流以及河流淡水输入的低盐环境;大西洋中层水组合以优势种Cassidulina laevigata为特征,可能反映高温高盐的大西洋中层水影响的环境;北极深层水组合以优势种Cibicides wuellerstorfi为特征,可能反映水深大于1 500 m低温高盐的北极深层水环境;门捷列夫深海平原组合以优势种Oridorsalis umbonatus为特征,可能反映低营养的底层水环境。     

珠江口外表层沉积物底栖有孔虫组合及其与环境的关系

对珠江口外CJ14区块250个站位的表层沉积物进行底栖有孔虫分析,共发现底栖有孔虫118种,其中玻璃壳质80种,瓷质壳质21种,胶结壳质17种。有孔虫丰度基本随水深变深而增大。为研究底栖有孔虫分布与沉积环境之间的关系,对底栖有孔虫含量进行Q型因子分析,并选取前4个主因子,分别对应4个有孔虫组合。它们总共解释了总方差的86.2%,基本上反映了沉积物中有孔虫的群落结构。研究表明,水深和盐度是影响珠江口表层沉积物中有孔虫组合分布的控制因素,其他影响因素主要包括沉积物类型、水动力条件和沉积速率。水动力条件主要影响有孔虫的含量;沉积速率主要影响有孔虫的丰度。     

Ecophenotypic responses of benthic foraminifera to oxygen availability along an oxygen gradient in the California Borderland

Spatial variation in environmental conditions can elicit predictable size and morphological responses in marine organisms through influences on physiology. Thus, spatial and temporal variation in marine organism size and shape are often used to infer paleoenvironmental conditions, such as dissolved oxygen concentrations. Benthic foraminifera commonly serve as a tool for reconstructing past ocean oxygen levels. For example, benthic foraminiferal species assemblages, within‐ and among‐species patterns of test morphology, and geochemical analyses of carbonate tests are often employed to reconstruct past marine conditions. In this study, we measured the sizes and shapes of modern foraminifera representing four species that inhabit a steep oxygen gradient in the Santa Monica Basin on the Southern California Borderland with the aim of quantifying the influence of oxygen availability on foraminiferal morphology, both within and among species. Most foraminifera rely on aerobic respiration, but the four benthic foraminifera from the Santa Monica Basin do not show the predicted size and morphological responses to variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations based on first principles of cell physiology: Bolivina spissa shows no volume or volume‐to‐surface area response, Uvigerina peregrina increases in both test volume and volume‐to‐surface area ratio with decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations, and both Bolivina argentea and Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi decrease in test volume, but only L. pseudobeyrichi shows a decrease in test volume‐to‐surface area ratio with decreasing oxygen concentrations as expected from physiological predictions. These findings imply that the morphological responses of individual foraminiferal species are not necessarily representative of the responses of other foraminiferal species within the community. Our findings further suggest that these species use physiological strategies such as depressed metabolic rates and alternative energy metabolisms to persist in low oxygen environments and, therefore, cannot be used in any simple way as paleo‐oxygen indicators. Should Proterozoic (1,000–542 million years ago) protists have possessed metabolic strategies similar to foraminifera, the sizes and shapes of protists in the fossil record may not usefully constrain ambient oxygen conditions during the appearance and initial taxonomic radiation of heterotrophic eukaryotes.     

柴油在海洋底栖围隔生态系中的分布及其变化

本文论述了不同浓度的沙柴油污染海洋底栖围隔生态系后，在各相中的分布及其变化。实验结果表明：柴油添加后20h，底质油含量与水体油污染含量成正相关；菲律宾蛤行（Ruditapesphilippinarum）对柴油有较强的富集能力。柴油中短链正构烷烃（C8～C15）较易消失。柴油对底栖生态系的影响周期较长。     

长江远端三角洲表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其对环境的指示

长江远端三角洲是东海内陆架泥质沉积体重要组成部分,是全新世高海平面时期以来形成的重要地貌单元,其包含了高分辨率沉积环境与气候变化信息,对该地区现代沉积环境及其影响条件的分析将有助于长时间尺度古记录识别与反演。对研究区海域145个站位的表层沉积物样品进行了底栖有孔虫化石分析,鉴定结果表明该地区底栖有孔虫有52种,以玻璃壳体类型为主,平均含量占底栖有孔虫总量的90.6 %,其次为瓷质壳,胶结壳含量最低。进一步因子分析结果表明,研究区底栖有孔虫可划分为4个组合：组合Ⅰ（Ammonia beccarii vars.-Quinqueloculina spp.）分布在研究区西部近岸浅水区,组合Ⅱ（Bolivina robusta-Bulimina marginata-Hanzawaia spp.）分布于研究区东南部水深较大处,组合Ⅲ（Elphidium hispidulum-Fursenkoina schreibersiana）呈带状分布于近岸,组合Ⅳ（Elphidium advenum-Ammonia pauciloculata）分布区域位于组合Ⅰ和组合Ⅱ之间。组合Ⅰ可能指示区域水体环境受闽浙沿岸水团影响;组合Ⅱ可能指示区域水体环境受台湾暖流水团影响;组合Ⅲ的分布可能与夏季闽江水与外海水混合发生水体层化有关;组合Ⅳ可能指示区域水体环境受季节性闽浙沿岸水与台湾暖流水团影响。     

Mid-Holocene evolution and paleoenvironments of the shoreface–offshore transition, north-eastern Argentina: New evidence based on benthic microfauna

A sedimentary record spanning 5792–5511 cal yr BP and 3188–2854 cal yr BP was recovered at 36° 45′ 43″ S–56 ° 37′ 13″ W, south-west South Atlantic. The sedimentological features and micropaleontological (benthic foraminifera and ostracoda) content were analyzed in order to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. Considerable environmental fluctuations are indicated by all these proxies. Five different stages were distinguished: Stage 1 (ca. 5800–5000 cal yr BP) consists of muddy sand with abundant microfossils. In this interval, species typical for inner marine shelf environments maintained a high abundance. Stage 2 consists of plastic light greenish grey clays barren of microfossils, and probably represents fluvial input from the de la Plata River to the shelf contemporaneous of a lowering of sea level. Stage 3 is composed of brownish yellow sandy silts, and represents increasing marine conditions in the area as reflected by higher faunal diversity and typical foraminifera of inner shelf environments. Stage 4 is made of homogeneous mud, barren of microfossil, which represents a new pulse of fluvial input to the shelf in consequence of a new fall in sea level. The final part of the core (Stage 5) is a coarsening upward sequence, grading from greeny brown clayey sandy silts to coarse shelly sands and represents the modern sedimentation in the area. This interpretation strengthens the stepped model of late-Holocene sea-level fall between 5511–5792 cal yr BP and 2854–3188 cal yr BP in Buenos Aires coast, and agrees with the relative sea-level history previously proposed by some authors from western South Atlantic coasts.     

Variations of the oxygen minimum zone of the Okhotsk Sea during the last 50 ka as indicated by benthic foraminiferal and biogeochemical data

Benthic foraminiferal and sediment biogeochemical data (total organic carbon, calcium carbonate and biogenic opal contents) in two cores (1265 and 1312 m water depths) from the southeastern Sakhalin slope and one core (839 m water depth) from the southwestern Kamchatka slope were investigated to reconstruct variations of the oxygen minimum zone during the last 50 ka in the Okhotsk Sea. The oxygen minimum zone was less pronounced during cooling in the MIS 2 that is suggested to be caused by a maximal expansion of sea ice cover, decrease of marine productivity and increase of production of the oxygenated Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). A two-step-like strengthening of oxygen minimum zone during the warmings in the Termination 1a and 1b was linked to (1) enhanced oxygen consumption due to degradation of large amount of organic matter in the water column and bottom sediments, originated from increased marine productivity and supply of terrigenous material from the submerged northern shelves; (2) sea ice cover retreat and reduction of OSIW production; (3) freely inflow of the oxygen-depleted intermediate water mass from the North Pacific.     

The response of benthic foraminifera and ostracoda to heavy metal pollution in Gulf of Izmir (Eastern Aegean Sea)

Benthic foraminifera can be used as environmental bioindicators, especially in polluted environments where their sensitivity to pollutants may be expressed by a modification in the assemblage. Nineteen sediment samples were collected in November 2002 from surficial sediments of the Gulf of Izmir (Turkey). The Gulf of Izmir is located in Western Turkey and surrounded by a densely populated community. The gulf has been contaminated by numerous heavy metals, but geochemical analyses have shown that metals are significant pollutants only in the inner part of the gulf. Outer and Middle Sections showed low levels of heavy metals, except the estuary of Gediz River. Eight heavy metals have been analyzed in all the sampling points. Sixty-seven foraminifer and 22 ostracod species were identified in 16 sediment samples. Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between foraminifera species and heavy metals. The most polluted Inner Sections are dominated by the tolerant species Ammonia tepida that may be used as pollution indicator. The gradient observed in heavy metal concentrations between the Outer and Inner Sections has a prevalent influence on the foraminiferal distribution. There is a gradient of the number of species, increasing from the Inner Section toward the Outer Section. The occurrence of test abnormalities among foraminifera may represent a useful biomarker for evaluating long-term environmental impacts in a coastal region.