SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FACING CHALLENGESIN 21ST CENTURY

ISUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS UNDER UN－guiding human forward．he author pointed out manyCEASINGCHALLENGES times that sustainable developmentwas a correctstrategic selectlonforhumanfuture and It representedaThe Zlst Century has come，people have many newdevelopmentoutlook，strategic vie呷olntandvalueforecasts and long for a wonde山lprospect．The 21st（CHEN，1997；200a；200b）．Century lsa bio－sclentmc era，an economic global－The authoralso pointed out th…     

ON DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE CITIES IN CHINA

ＯＮＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＬＡＲＧＥＣＩＴＩＥＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＣｕｉＧｏｎｇｈａｏ（崔功豪）（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１０００８，ＰＲＣ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＴｈｅｌａｒｇｅｃｉｔｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａｈａｖｅｇｒｏｗｎ...     

Vulnerability and sustainable development mode of coal cities in Northeast China

In this study, by carrying on the spot investigation to the seven coal cities in Northeast China and interviewing with the local authority and the residents, the authors definite the vulnerability that is closed to exposure, sensitivity and resilience, and set up vulnerability model of coal cities in Northeast China. At the same time, the authors broadly illustrate how the components of natural-social-economic system act in the coal area, so as to probe the ways to reduce vulnerability more effectively, such as preferential national policy and so on. Furthermore, the article studies the relationship between vulnerability and sustainable development. Vulnerability is a spatio-temporal function of sustainable development. The regional sustainable development refrains the spiral ascending of vulnerability. And the regional vulnerability and sustainable development appear in turn. Then the article analyzes the natural vulnerability, social vulnerability and economic vulnerability of coal cities in Northeast China. At last, combing vulnerability model and situation of coal cities in Northeast China, the authors put forward regional technology innovation mode, multi-dimension structure transformation mode, attracting investment mode and recycling economy mode to reduce vulnerability.     

21世纪世界的资源和环境

20世纪世界人口从15亿增长到60亿.而经济成长更为快速,自1950年至今已增长4倍.目前世界人口每年增加8000余万人,至2050年将达到90亿,世界经济是否能持续发展以提升或维持现有的生活水准,值得研讨.资源的消长和环境的变迁是具有决定性的两大重要议题.     

网络化教育和培训将是21世纪的重要教育方式

在即将进入 2 1世纪的今天 ,世界各国尤其是西方科技发达国家都在积极构建和提升国家信息基础 (NationalInformationInfrastructure)建设。其重要目的之一就是要适应即将来临的信息社会对教育训练的极高需求。本文将要阐述教育学习需求转变的原因 ,信息网络(web)教学的意义以及它在未来学习中将要扮演的角色 ,以及西方国家网络教育训练技术的现状与发展方向     

Sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities in China

The environmental problems in the seriously polluted cities in China have been paid attention to by policy-makers and foreign and domestic scholars. However, it is very difficult to improve the environmental quality fundamentally due to its complexity, for example the formation of the seriously deteriorated environment. It is considered that the terminal harnessing is an important way, but the spread of high-level terminal treatment is restricted by the limit of funds and technological level. Therefore, the way for a sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities should be multiple-sided, which is to correlate the operation of environmental protection with the operation of city construction. To achieve an identity of these opposites, measures should be taken during economic development and environmental protection in every developing stage. In this paper, the authors take Benxi City as a case study.     

临沂市地热地质条件及开发利用效益分析

临沂市地处鲁、苏两省交界处,是鲁南、苏北地区政治、经济与文化交流中心,具有良好的投资环境和强劲的经济发展活力。区内地热资源丰富,开发历史悠久,河东区汤头温泉早在北魏年间就有文字记载。近年来,随着社会经济的不断发展,地热资源作为一种绿色能源,开发程度越发得以重视,取得了明显的社会、经济与环境效益。     

Comprehensive measurement for carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has impor-tant practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy,sustainable and stable development of this region.Ac-cording to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism,using system dynamics approaches,this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China,and through setting different development models,the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out.The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources,environment,society and economy in the city clusters.According to this model,the optimum population scale of the city clusters in2020 is 42.80×106 persons,and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055× 1012 yuan(RMB).In 1996-2020,the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics.During the studied period,it is basically at the initial development stage,and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.     

THE PROCESS AND STRATEGY OF URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHWEST CHINA

ＴＨＥＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＡＮＤＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＹＯＦＵＲＢＡＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＷＥＳＴＣＨＩＮＡＺｈａｎｇＺｈｉｌｉａｎｇ（张志良）（ＰｉｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＬａｎｚｈｏｕＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

BORDER PORT MANZHOULh URBAN FUNCTION AND SPACE DEVELOPMENT

Manzhouli is the largest land port city on the Sino-Russia border, transit cargo through the land port amount-ed to 5.95 million tons, transit tourists were 304 500 in 2000. It stands at the joint place of China, Mongolia and Russi-a, faces to Siberia area of Russia, receives direct support from the Northeast China and Bohai Sea Rim Area, and possess-es priorities in geographical location, land port infrastructure, water resources, coal resources, tourist resources andgreat potentiality in economic cooperation with Russia. The future urban function is a key port on the First Eurasia Continen-tal Bridge. Manzhouli Port will keep its first place between China and Russia land transport, and it is forecasted that thetransit amount through Manzhouli Port will go up to 10 million tons in 2005 and 20 million tons in 2010. It will be construct-ed to be a trade center of the peripheral area extending to Russia and Mongolia, a key export-oriented processing industri-al zone supported by industries such as export processing industries, export agriculture, trade services, technology trad-ing and the other service industries. It keeps being a well-known touring city for trade, shopping, sightseeing, vocation,local food, recreation and cultural events. To build Manzhouli Export Processing Industry Zone will improve city econom-ic structure, and the main sectors are organic food processing, livestock products processing, garment and furniture indus-try. Moreover, Manzhouli Export Processing Industry Zone will eventually be upgraded to be a border free trade zone.The city functional transition will inevitably affect urban spatial restructure and its expansion. The city space transforma-tion will develop as such: one development axis of No. 301 highway paralleling with Bin - Zhou(Harbin - Manzhouli) rail-way which cuts through central part of Manzhouli City, and links Zhalainuocr District with central city; three urban unitsincluding central city, Zhalainuocr District and Manzhouli Interchange Trade Zone; cohesion with Aoerjin and Cuogangpastures; regional dual-nuclei structure of Hailaer City and Manhzouli City; and the Manzhouli-Zabaykalsk Free TradeZone.     

Basic characteristics, spatial disparity and its major influencing factors of service industry in China

Based on the analysis of its basic characteristics, this article investigated the disparities of Chinese service industry among the three regions (the eastern China, the western China and the middle China) and inter-provincial disparities of that in the three regions by Theil coefficient and cluster analysis. Then, major factors influencing its spatial disparity were explored by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The conclusions could be drawn as follows. 1) The development of Chinese service industry experienced three phases since the 1980s: rapid growth period, slow growth period, and recovery period. From the proportion of value-added and employment, its development was obviously on the low level. From the composition of industrial structure, traditional service sectors were dominant, but modern service sectors were lagged. Moreover, its spatial disparity was distinct. 2) The level of Chinese service industry was divided into five basic regional ranks: well-developed, developed, relatively-developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped regions. As a whole, the overall structure of spatial disparity was steady in 1990–2005. But there was notable gradient disparity in the interior structure of service industry among different provinces. Furthermore, the overall disparity expanded rapidly in 1990–2005. The inter-provincial disparity of service industry in the three regions, especially in the eastern China, was bigger than the disparity among the three regions. And 3) the level of economic development, the level of urban development, the scale of market capacity, the level of transportation and telecommunication, and the abundance of human resources were major factors influencing the development of Chinese service industry.     

依法治矿 科学管理 把我省地矿事业全面推向21世纪

回顾了新中国成立以来山东地矿事业从崛起到蓬勃发展的光辉历程。五十年来,山东地矿职工艰苦创业,铸就了地矿事业的辉煌：地矿队伍不断壮大,地质找矿取得丰硕成果;地矿机构日臻完善,依法行政步入正轨;矿产资源开发和保护卓有成效,地矿经济稳步发展。面向新世纪,山东地矿职工将继续开拓进取,谱写地矿事业的新篇章。     

Utilization and sustainable development of island mountains in China

The island mountain utilization is a kind of mountain utilization. Although the islands cover little area, they can be used as the base of marine development. The sustainable development of island mountains is of significance to marine development. There are more than 6500 islands (including the South China Sea Islets) in China, and most of them are continental islands which are the extension of continental mountains extent towards sea. For this reason, there are many hills but few mountains, the area of hills makes up more than two thirds of the whole land area. In order to keep ecological balance of islands, the utilization of island hills and mountains should take exploitation of forests as the main to conserve water source and water-soil, and forests become an important factor in keeping ecological balance and sustainable development of islands. At the same time we should make good use of forests through setting up forest nature protecting area and forest parks and developing forest tourism. A part of research achievements of the project subsidized by National Natural Science Foundation (No. 49171026).     

Utilization and sustainable development of island mountains in China

ＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＩＳＬＡＮＤＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ①ＺｈａｎｇＹａｏｇｕａｎｇ（张耀光）ＹａｎｇＹｉｎｋａｉ（杨荫凯）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｒｉｎｅＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,Ｌｉａｏ...     

Regional Evolution Features and Coordinated Development Strategies for Northeast China

1 Introduction Northeast China consists of the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, this region has supported the whole country with huge quantity of grain, raw materials, primary products, and heavy industrial products at the cost of environment and resources, and thereafter became an old industrial base as well as an important marketable grain base in the whole country (Zhang et al., 2004). However, since the 19…     

STAGES AND POTENTIALITY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT INARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The processes of water resources exploitation and utilization can be divided into three stages by water resources transformation, and the history, present situation and future trend of water resources development in piedmont areas around high mountains of arid northwestern China. The three stages are: the stage of surface water development (the first stage), the stage of comprehensive development of surface and ground water (the second stage) and the stage of economical development of water resources (the third stage). The three stages link each other and show the law and processes of water resources exploitation and utilization associated with social and technological progress. The economical water policy should run through the three stages. On this point, however, the third stage differs from the others, particularly, refering to irrigated agriculture. The third stage has more progressive significance because it breaks the traditional ideas on water resources development. According to our investigation and calculation, under present conditions of water resources development, the net used water is about 160 × 10⁸ m³, accounting for 18% of the total water resources of northwestern China. The water resources have not been fully developed. If the first stage is finished, the exploitable water can be increased by 91%. After the second stage, furthermore, it can be increased by 216%. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Coordinative Development Between Land Use Change and Regional Population-Resources-Environment- Development System-A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

Land use change has significant influence on the operation of the PopulationResources-Environment-De-velopment (PRED) System. Moderate land use is the key factor to ensure the coordinative and sustainable development between land use and PRED system. Based on the internal relationship between land use and PRED system, a PRED evaluation index system and a Press-Status-Response (PSR) model were established in this study. According to the expounding on the mechanism of the PSR model, we investigated the coordinative development between the changes of regional land use and PRED system taking Jiangsu Province as an example. The results showed that the orders of the Synthetic Index of Land Use (SILU) and the Variation of PRED Index (VPI) in Jiangsu are both the southern Jiangsu>the central Jiangsu>the northern Jiangsu. A cubic curve model was used to fit the relationship between the VPI and SILU. The inflection point of VPI was situated in 5.0 of SILU. When SILU was below 5.0, VPI increased with SILU, which will be helpful to the coordinative development between land use and PRED system. Based on those results, it is suggested that the land use degree of the southern Jiangsu, especially that of Nanjing City, should be moderately controlled at present, while land resources of the central Jiangsu and the northern Jiangsu should be further exploited.     

Spatiotemporal patterns of road network and road development priority in three parallel rivers region in Yunnan, China: An evaluation based on modified kernel distance estimate

Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.