遥感图像数据重采样的一种快速算法

从原始遥感图像几何畸变特征出发，建立了SeaStarStarSeaWiFS和NOAA AVHRR遥感图像数据重采样的一种快速算法，并提出了邻点权重重采样方式。该种快速长法能有效地提高遥感图像几何校正的速度，并适用于连续对地观测系统遥感数据的重采样过程。邻点权重重采样方式可用以替代通常的最近邻点和双线性插值采样方式。     

非线性模型精度评定的Bootstrap方法及其加权采样改进方法

本文将Bootstrap方法引入非线性模型精度评定理论中,通过对原始样本值或因变量的残差向量进行重采样,以获取自助样本的方式代替复杂的求导运算,给出了Bootstrap方法解决非线性精度评定问题的完整算法.针对Bootstrap方法中对模型随机项的等概率采样,通过获取采样过程中随机变量的经验分布函数,提出了加权采样策略,并分别给出了将改进方法用于非线性模型精度评定中的详细计算步骤.通过案例研究分析表明:重采样观测值的Bootstrap方法和重采样残差的Bootstrap方法能够得到比近似函数法、Jackknife法更为合理的参数标准差,具有更强的适用性;而加权采样的重采样观测值Bootstrap方法和加权采样的重采样残差Bootstrap方法能够获取更加精确的精度信息且更具优势,从而验证了将Bootstrap方法用于非线性精度评定及本文改进算法的可行性和有效性.     

一种针对侧扫声纳图像的数字镶嵌技术方法

以南海某海域实测侧扫声纳数据为例,研究侧扫声纳图像的数字镶嵌技术方法,对关键步骤进行详细的阐述。通过对原始侧扫声纳数据进行导航数据校正、海底线跟踪、斜距改正、TVG校正、船速校正、地理编码与重采样、拼接与镶嵌等处理,生成大区域、大范围、高分辨率、无缝拼接的侧扫声纳图像。实验结果证明声纳图像数字镶嵌技术的有效性,并取得理想的效果。     

一种利用历史DLG数据辅助优化数字正射影像镶嵌线生成的方法

为了提升大面积数字正射影像图生产的效率,介绍了一种利用历史DLG数据辅助优化数字正射影像镶嵌线生成的方法,通过对DLG数据处理,提取出区域具有地物的面层,生成避让区域,在此基础上再考虑镶嵌线尽可能穿过原始DLG中较少的面及色差较小的区域,使用贪婪蛇模型算法实现了优化镶嵌线的生成。通过生产试验,证明了该方法可部分减少镶嵌线编辑的工作量。     

基于坡度自适应的机载LiDAR分割算法

本文提出了一种适用于离散LiDAR数据的区域生长算法:将离散点云数据重采样为规则格网,通过坡度自适应区域生长法分割规则格网,获得不同的面片;建立各个分割面片之间的拓扑关系,将分割面片划分为粗差、植被、建筑物和地面;检测原始激光脚点到DTM的距离,判断是否为地面点。文中采用ISPRS提供的测试数据验证了算法分割的有效性。     

3维地形的金字塔上下采样局部实时简化算法

在大型三维地理信息系统中,往往需要在预加载整体地形数据的基础上,对局部地形数据重新构建三角网,用于物理模拟等应用。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种三维地形的金字塔“上下采样”局部实时简化算法,实现对局部三角网地形实时高效的简化。该算法基于图像金字塔思想,通过对原始地形的三角格网执行“下采样”和“上采样”,结合“预测残差”对“下采样”的地形做局部简化,简化后的三角网十分逼近原始的高精度三角网。本文将该算法用于GeoBeans 3D平台的汽车驾驶模拟系统中。该算法生成的地形简化且稳定,随着汽车活动范围的变化,按需销毁及重构更新地形。实验证明,当预测残差阈值取0.1时,三角形个数能简化到原始数量的2/3;阈值取0.2时,三角形个数可以简化到原始个数的1/4左右。由此可见,在视觉精度允许的范围之内,该算法对地形的简化效果较好,且耗时少,满足了三维系统及车辆驾驶模拟的实时性。     

图像重采样对调制传递函数估算的影响

选取理想刃边图像和真实遥感图像作为原始图像,对其进行多种辐射和几何重采样操作,得到了一系列退化图像;用这些图像按照刃边法对成像系统的调制传递函数进行了估算。试验表明,采用刃边法估算成像系统的调制传递函数时,为了视觉效果,可以对图像进行适当的辐射重采样操作,基本不会影响成像系统的调制传递函数;而几何重采样则会严重影响成像系统的调制传递函数。     

改进的HRNet应用于路面裂缝分割与检测

针对利用传统卷积神经网络进行路面裂缝分割时存在准确率低、信息丢失及边缘模糊的问题,本文提出了基于改进HRNet模型的路面裂缝分割算法。模型在原始HRNet的基础上进行改进,主干网络部分采用DUC模块代替双线性插值上采样;下采样改为passthrough layer代替原始卷积;在模型解码部分,进行逐级上采样的同时引入SE-Block,对不同特征层的融合重新标定权重。通过与原始HRNet及传统卷积神经网络U-Net对比可知,本文算法在公共数据与自制数据集上的分割精度表现优秀,F1分值分别达到了91.31%和78.69%,可以很好地满足实际工程的需求。     

顾及结构信息的DOM镶嵌线搜索算法

针对数字正射影像镶嵌线搜索的传统算法大都只顾及灰度值差异而忽略影像结构信息的不足之处,该文根据镶嵌线的搜索准则,设计自动搜索一条能够避开高出地面的物体、不通过影像边缘且避开待镶嵌影像上灰度反差较大区域的镶嵌线:在原始影像上采用一个综合了灰度信息和结构信息的公式,计算出每一个像素的准则值;为了避免搜索陷入局部最优,采用动态规划的方法搜索出一条准则值最小的镶嵌线。实验表明,搜索出的镶嵌线能够避开房屋、树木等高出地面的地物和车辆等移动物体,避开影像上灰度反差大的区域。     

基于相对方位元素的核线影像生成方法

提出一种对已知相对方位元素的立体影像实施灰度重采样生成核线影像对的方法,对连续像对相对方位元素和独立像对方位元素建立核线影像的理论公式进行了推导,建立了核线影像和原始影像的坐标变换关系;为了提高核线影像建立的效率,在进行核线重采样时,提出分块读写影像的方法。实验表明,建立的核线影像上下视差在亚像素水平,核线影像坐标反算后与原始影像的坐标平均差只有0.000 3个像素,完全可以满足摄影测量立体观测的要求。     

数字摄影中的核线影像算法研究

针对数字摄影立体像对自动生成核线影像的问题,介绍了基于数字影像几何纠正的核线解析方法及实现过程。内容包括基于数字影像的几何纠正、双线性插值法进行核线重采样、算法的VC++实现等问题的研究。最后对生成的核线影像的精度进行了分析,证明了用这一方法生成核线影像的可行性。     

Satellite/Aerial Image Compression Using Adaptive Block Truncation Coding Technique

Satellite/aerial images taken from high altitude contain large amount of pixels to store accurate information. These high resolution images require large storage capacity and more transmission time. Applying an efficient compression technique on these images can reduce high storage capacity requirement and transmission time. In this paper block truncation coding (BTC) based color image compression technique for aerial/satellite images is proposed. High degree of correlation among the RGB planes of a color image can be reduced by converting these planes into HSV planes. Each of the H and S planes are encoded using BTC with quad clustering and V plane is encoded with BTC based bi-clustering or tri-clustering depending on the edge information present in the plane. The effectivity of the proposed method is validated by comparing it with the conventional BTC and its variant methods. Experimental analysis indicate that the proposed method is superior to other state of the art methods both in terms of visual quality and quantitative metrics.     

Misleading information from direct interpretation of Geometrically Incorrect aerial photographs

Remote sensing represents a powerful method to study the change of several phenomena over time. However, useful input data (for example, aerial photos) can produce misleading information if an inadequate geometric correction is applied. Among mathematical models used for this type of correction, orthorectification (differential correction) seems to be the only one that guarantees accurate results. However, many authors are still basing their results on incorrectly transformed images. This phenomenon is especially due to the incidence of several user-friendly tools and interfaces for the rectification of images. This paper tests both polynomial rectification and orthorectification. Aerial photography of 1954 of the same area was acquired and polynomial rectification and orthorectification were applied, using a 1998 orthophoto as a base. An unsupervised classification was performed by utilising the nearest neighbour method for the resampling of images. The area occupied by each class was calculated. A multitemporal analysis was then performed, considering the overlap between the 1954 orthophoto and the 1998 orthophoto as the base of reference. An overestimate up to 21% of class area was found. When multitemporal analysis was carried out, an overestimate up to 100% of class area change was found.     

反差一致性保持的影像匀光算法

不均匀光照现象是可见光航空航天遥感影像获取过程中常见的降质现象,会导致影像亮度分布不均匀和地物色调发生变化。现有的MASK匀光方法能够在一定程度上解决这类问题,但处理后的影像仍存在反差降低且亮度不均匀的现象。提出了一种基于Wallis滤波器的影像匀光改进算法,通过对影像的合理分块及自动统计标准均值和方差来实现单幅影像的匀光处理。实验表明,该方法可以在很好地保持整幅影像反差一致性的同时,获得更好的影像匀光处理效果。     

Damage assessment after 2001 Gujarat earthquake using Landsat-7 satellite images

In this paper, we present a method of earthquake damage detection by comparing the optical images with panchromatic bands for the Gujarat, India earthquake, which occurred on January 26, 2001. The data used in this study are optical remote sensing images taken by Landsat-7 satellite on January 8 and February 29, 2001, before and after the earthquake. We have investigated the pre and post-earthquake satellite images calculating the differences in the reflection intensity (digital number) of the two images. The estimated affected area has been subtracted on a pixel unit based on the obtained frequency distributions of the differences in the optical sensor values, which show significant changes in the reflectance due to the earthquake disaster. We have investigated the accuracy of our analysis result using a classification method for the training areas with aerial photographs taken after the earthquake. The two damage detection methods show a very similar result.     

浅谈无人机在农村土地承包登记中的应用

无人机是继传统的航空摄影之后出现的一种新的数码航空摄影技术。它是利用无人机作为平台,用数码相机对地表进行航摄,以获取航空影像的一种方法。本文通过德惠市布海镇农村土地承包登记的试点工作,探讨了利用无人机航空影像制作1∶2 000比例尺DOM,并利用1∶2 000比例尺DOM进行农村土地承包登记的作业流程和技术方法。     

一种基于无人机位姿信息的航拍图像拼接方法

针对现有航拍图像拼接方法处理速度较慢的问题,提出一种基于无人机位姿信息的快速拼接方法。首先从机载GPS和惯性导航单元获得无人机航拍时的坐标和姿态角,根据每一幅航拍图像对应的无人机坐标和姿态角计算它们之间的单应变换矩阵,实现航拍图像之间的快速配准。然后通过单应变换矩阵的运算得到拼接图像之间的配准,最后完成多幅图像的拼接得到整个区域的全景图。试验结果证明该方法快速有效。     

Automatic Registration Between Low-Altitude LiDAR Point Clouds and Aerial Images Using Road Features

Among the many means of acquiring surface information, low-altitude light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle LiDAR, UAV-LiDAR) have become an important approach to accessing geospatial information. Considering the lower level of hardware technology in low-altitude LiDAR systems compared to that in airborne LiDAR, and the greater flexibility in-flight, registration procedures must be first performed to facilitate the fusion of laser point data and aerial images. The corner points and edges of buildings are frequently used for the automatic registration of aerial imagery with LiDAR data. Although aerial images and LiDAR data provide powerful support for building detection, adaptive edge detection for all types of building shapes is difficult. To deal with the weakness of building edge detection and reduce matching-related computation, the study presents a novel automatic registration method for aerial images, with LiDAR data, on the basis of main-road information in urban areas. Firstly, vector road centerlines are extracted from raw LiDAR data and then projected onto related aerial images with the use of coarse exterior orientation parameters (EOPs). Secondly, the corresponding image road features of each LiDAR vector road are determined using an improved total rectangle-matching approach. Finally, the endpoints of the conjugate road features obtained from the LiDAR data and aerial images are used as ground control points in space resection adjustment to refine the EOPs; an iterative strategy is used to obtain optimal matching results. Experimental results using road features verify the feasibility, robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach.     

SFM的倾斜航空影像空中三角测量

针对传统空中三角(简称空三)测量方法处理倾斜航空影像的不足,提出了一种基于SFM算法的倾斜航空影像空三测量方法。首先利用垂直影像空三结果获取初始区域网模型,垂直影像空三解算可通过常规的空三算法或现有的软件获取。然后采用SFM算法,在初始区域网模型的基础上,递增式地恢复倾斜影像的外方位元素,最后将垂直影像和倾斜影像联合进行绝对定向、区域网光束法平差。选用玉树数据进行空三试验,结果表明:本文提出的SFM方法能够精确解算出倾斜航空影像的外方位元素,且空三结果优于现有倾斜影像空三软件Pix4Dmapper,可以作为一种倾斜航空影像定向方法。