甘肃大水金矿床铅同位素组成与成矿物质来源探讨

通过对矿床矿石铅同位素组成的分析,并与矿区岩浆岩脉和围岩地层中的岩石铅同位素组成进行对比,借以示踪矿床成矿物质来源。研究表明,矿石铅与矿区岩石铅(灰岩和脉岩)的铅同位素组成具有较相近和较窄的变化范围,暗示铅可能属同一铅源。在铅同位素构造模式图及不同成因类型矿石铅的Δγ-Δβ成因分类图解中,显示出造山带铅、地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带岩浆作用铅特征,说明铅不是单一来源的正常铅,而是混合型多来源的异常铅。成矿物质是多来源的,赋矿地层和岩浆岩共同提供了铅源及成矿物质,但以岩浆为主,地层为辅,地幔铅参与了成矿。     

湘南宝山铅锌矿床硫、铅、碳、氧同位素特征及成矿物质来源

宝山铅锌矿床是湘南地区代表性矿床之一。宝山铅锌矿床的成矿作用与156~158 Ma的宝山花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。花岗闪长斑岩主要由古老地壳部分熔融而成。为确定成矿物质来源,文章系统研究了宝山铅锌矿床的硫、铅、碳、氧同位素组成特征。矿床中硫化物黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿的δ34S值呈狭窄的塔式分布,变化在-2.17‰~6.46‰之间,平均值为3.13‰。δ34S值总体表现为δ34S黄铁矿δ34S闪锌矿δ34S方铅矿,表明硫同位素分馏基本达到了平衡。矿石、花岗闪长斑岩和赋矿地层硫同位素对比研究表明,矿石中的硫主要由岩浆分异演化而来,岩浆中的硫主要来自古老地壳。矿石206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.188~18.844、15.661~15.843和38.562~39.912,赋矿地层206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.268~19.166、15.620~5.721和38.364~39.952。矿石铅同位素组成比地层中的更富放射性成因铅,矿石中部分铅来自宝山花岗闪长质岩浆,在成矿流体运移过程中有部分地层铅参与了成矿,岩浆中的铅主要来自古老地壳。热液方解石的碳、氧同位素组成介于岩浆和赋矿碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素之间,主要是由于岩浆流体和碳酸盐岩不同比例的水岩反应所致,测水组有机碳的加入造成了部分热液方解石δ13CPDB值偏低。     

滇东南白牛厂多金属矿床铅同位素组成及铅来源新认识

白牛厂矿床位于滇东南锡多金属成矿带中部,是一个Ag、Pb、Zn、Sn等共生的多金属矿床,但成因争议较大.前人引用早期矿床矿石矿物铅同位素数据得出矿石铅主要来源于基底岩石淋滤,矿床经历了热水沉积+岩浆热液叠加两个成矿阶段的结论.本文采用最新铅同位素数据系统研究了白牛厂矿床的铅同位素组成,其中,白牛厂矿床矿石矿物的铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为17.264～18.537、14.843～15.862和38.481～39.424;薄竹山花岗岩长石铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.301～18.387、15.611～15.670和38.677～38.904;薄竹山岩体接触带型矿床(点)矿石矿物铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.302～18.417、15.603～15.692和38.596～38.868;区域地层及矿区地层钻孔样品铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.307～19.206、15.622～15.809和38.436～39.932.对比四者铅同位素组成特征,白牛厂矿床矿石矿物、薄竹山花岗岩长石、薄竹山岩体接触带型矿床(点)矿石矿物具有一致的铅同位素组成,与地层铅同位素组成相差甚远,表明白牛厂矿床铅主要来自岩浆作用,在侵入的过程中可能受到了地层的轻度混染.矿床地质特征及近期地球化学和年代学研究成果表明,白牛厂矿床的形成主要受岩浆作用影响,沉积成矿作用在白牛厂矿床很可能是不存在的.     

内蒙古霍各乞铜铅锌矿床的铅同位素组成及其铅的来源研究

位于内蒙古狼山北侧的霍各乞层状铜、铅锌、铁矿床产于中元古界狼山群变质岩中,许多学者对该矿床进行了研究,但在矿床成因的认识上还存在争议,沉积变质改造、海底喷流沉积、岩浆叠加等成因观点相持不下。本文引入区域古元古代—太古宙基底、矿区各种沉积变质岩和火山岩、新元古代及海西期岩浆岩的铅同位素组成,与矿石铅同位素组成对比,以确定矿石铅的来源。研究结果表明:1矿石中硫化物的铅同位素组成均一;2区域古元古代-太古宙基底岩石的铅同位素组成具有地球早期老铅的特点,同位素组成具有较大的变化范围,与矿石的铅同位素组成存在巨大的差…     

安徽青阳峙门口层状硫铁矿矿床地质特征及成因研究

青阳峙门口层状硫铁矿矿床赋存于石炭纪地层中,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状;尽管经历了热变质与接触变质作用,但矿体中仍残留胶黄铁矿和菱铁矿,矿石中不仅可以见到交代残余结构,还可见到草莓结构和微层理构造.黄铁矿中砷的质量分数和S/Se,Co/Ni比值显示火山热水沉积特征.同位素分析显示,矿石中硫化物的硫同位素组成表现出火山热水沉积和热液改造特征;矿石中铅同位素组成则显示,黄铁矿中铅以上地壳铅为主,混有少量地幔铅.上述研究表明峙门口层状硫铁矿矿床是由石炭纪喷流沉积形成的层状矿床或矿胚层,经燕山期岩浆热液和构造作用改造所形成.     

山东香夼斑岩型铅梓矿床的地球化学特征及成因探讨

香夼矿床是一个较为典型的斑岩型铅锌矿床,成矿母岩为燕山期花岗闪长斑岩,稀土元素呈现明显的Eu亏损,为地壳重熔型浅成、超浅成岩浆岩.矿床主要有用元素Pb、Zn、Cu、Ag、Au、S、Cd、Se、Te等均较高.矿床硫同位素δ~(34)S值靠近零,铅同位素组成表明矿石铅来源于岩浆,矿石铅与岩浆岩岩石铅组成一致,主要为上地幔来源的铅,有少量地壳铅参与成矿.H、O同位素表明成矿流体为岩浆水,成矿温度在230-350℃之间,方铅矿、闪锌矿单矿物微量元素显示出与岩浆热液型铅锌矿床相同的元素组合.     

湘东北地区主要有色金属矿床成矿物质来源——来自硫、铅同位素的证据

湘东北地区有色金属矿床成矿物质来源综合研究相对缺乏。以桃林铅锌矿、栗山铅锌矿、井冲钴铜多金属矿为研究对象,分析矿床主成矿期矿石硫化物单矿物的硫、铅同位素地质特征,结合七宝山铜多金属矿等研究现状,综合研究湘东北地区有色金属矿床的成矿物质来源规律。硫同位素特征表明,4个矿床的成矿物质整体为深部岩浆硫源,其中,七宝山矿床为较典型的岩浆硫源,桃林、栗山、井冲等矿床混入了少量地层硫源,且桃林矿床比栗山、井冲矿床混入地层硫源的比例更高。铅同位素特征表明,4个矿床的成矿物质来源以上地壳为主,但混入了少部分幔源物质,且七宝山、井冲的幔源物质混入比例更高。     

武夷山成矿带浙江段成矿物质来源铅同位素证据

在区域地质特征研究的基础上,本文通过武夷山成矿带浙江段22组变质基底、29组岩浆岩以及5个典型矿床矿石铅同位素数据分析表明:区内变质岩铅同位素具有明显上地壳源特征,不同时期岩浆岩铅同位素特征各有差异,但整体以上地壳源铅、造山带混合铅为主。研究区典型矿床的矿石铅同位素组成以造山带(混合)铅为主,部分有更深源(下地壳或地幔)铅的参与。另外,矿石铅与燕山期岩浆岩铅同位素组成相近,燕山期岩浆作用可能为区域成矿主控因素,并提供了最主要的成矿物质。     

接触交代夕卡岩型多金属矿床铅源新认识

本文研究的接触交代夕代岩型多金属（铜－铅－锌）矿床是与燕山期中－酸性岩浆作用有密切关系的矿床工业类型，传统上认为成矿物质是岩浆分异的产物。文中用矿石铅、岩浆岩铅及围岩铅同位素组成，探讨了三者之间的关系，阐明了该类矿床矿石铅的三种来源，即单一的岩浆源，岩浆与围岩混合源及多元（三种以上）混合源，认为在运用铅同位素研究矿石成因时，既要研究矿石铅，也要研究岩浆岩长石铅和围岩（沉积岩）铅的同位素组成，并考虑     

粤西大降坪黄铁矿床硫、铅同位素组成初步研究

大降坪黄铁矿床是产于云开隆起中段偏北震旦系海相碎屑岩-细碎屑岩中的层状硫化物矿床,矿床成因和海底喷气热水沉积作用有关,局部经受了后期热液的叠加改造。黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值在-25.55‰—+21.07‰之间,与矿石及黄铁矿中的有机碳含量呈反比。从条带状细粒黄铁矿到块状粗粒黄铁矿,亦即从南到北,硫同位素组成从富轻硫变为富重硫。条带状矿石的铅同位素组成与矿体围岩一致,为富放射成因上地壳源铅,块状矿石铅同位素组成较均一,三组铅同位素比值较条带状矿石略低,为原始沉积的矿石铅与热液带来基底混合岩铅的混合铅。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetailic Deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province,China,is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field.In addition to the>7000 t Ag reserves,the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb,Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements(In,Cd,Ge,Ga,etc.).We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit.The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.758-18.537,~(207)pb/~(204)pb=15.175-15.862 and ~(208)pb/~(204)pb=37.289-39.424,while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.264-18.359,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=14.843-15.683 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=36.481-38.838, respectively.In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.224-18.700,~(207)Tpb/~(204)Pb=15.595-15.797 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.193-39.608.Then,in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.434-19.119,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.644-15.693,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.514-38.832.And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks,which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.307-19.206,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb= 15.622-15.809,and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.436-39.932.By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions,it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age,but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

白云鄂博陆缘裂谷系沉积物源与超大型稀土矿床含矿白云岩的成因探讨

白云鄂博群尖山组H4岩性段石英砂岩中的碎屑锆石年龄纪录了华北克拉通北缘两期重要的构造岩浆事件,一组年龄集中在新太古代—古元古代初期(2379～2596Ma),另一组年龄集中在古元古代晚期(1761～1946Ma),该结果与白云鄂博地区基底岩石的锆石年龄相吻合。白云鄂博群沉积碳酸盐岩的全岩207Pb-206Pb等时线年龄1649±45Ma,代表了白云鄂博群的沉积时代。白云鄂博地区沉积灰岩、白云岩与含矿白云岩的Pb同位素组成存在非常大的差异,在Pb同位素组成和构造图解中,含矿白云岩都集中在地幔演化线附近,靠近亏损地幔端元[(206Pb/204Pb)i=15.04～16.49,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.17～15.28,(208Pb/204Pb)i=31.20～36.40],而白云鄂博群中的灰岩、白云岩则位于造山带演化线附近,靠近深海沉积物端元[(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.28～19.35,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.47～15.69,(208Pb/204Pb)i=36.62～37.12]。     

江西冷水坑Ag-Pb-Zn矿田碳、氧、硫、铅同位素特征及成矿物质来源

江西冷水坑矿田是武夷山地区重要的银铅锌集中区之一。无论是世界上少有的斑岩型银铅锌矿床还是火山沉积 热液改造矿床都独具特色,具有很高的研究意义。该矿田的黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等硫化物的δ34S值变化为-380‰~694‰,平均为187‰。大约为-411‰的δ13C值与峰值约为2‰的δ34S值的很窄分布表明成矿流体中的碳和硫来源于深部岩浆,并不排除地层提供一部分硫和碳的可能性。硫化物矿石的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为17771~17867、15564~15685和38235~38652。地层中火山岩、火山岩沉积岩以及变质岩石的 206Pb/204Pb比值为17899~18220,与矿石铅既有联系又有分离。然而,矿石和花岗斑岩的长石铅中206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值是相近的,它们在208Pb/204Pb 206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb 206Pb/204Pb图上落在同一条直线上。这条铅同位素混合线两个端员分别为上地壳和地幔。这些证据都强烈地支持了成矿物质主要来源于斑岩岩浆系统,地层对于成矿流体和物质的贡献不可或缺。冷水坑是一个典型的与次火山岩有关的岩浆热液成因的Ag Pb Zn矿田,成矿作用均发生于中国东部燕山中期陆内环境。     

Lead sources in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Andean ore deposits,north-central Chile (30–34°S)

Mesozoic and Cenozoic ore deposits in the Chilean Andes between La Serena (~30°S) and Santiago (~34°S) include polymetallic vein, low- and high-sulfidation epithermal vein, skarn, porphyry copper-molybdenum and porphyry copper-gold. These deposits are associated with volcanic and plutonic complexes emplaced in eastward-migrating longitudinal arcs which formed during subduction along the continental margin of South America since the Middle Jurassic. Stratabound, but epigenetic, volcanic rock- and sedimentary rock-hosted manto deposits contain additional copper resources. Lead isotopic compositions in ore minerals from 29 deposits vary with age and geographic location, and hence with basement and host rocks. Lead in most ore deposits is derived from temporally related igneous rocks, except for the manto deposits whose lead is derived from host volcanic and sedimentary rock sequences. Lead in the ore deposits is dominated by two crustal sources. Low ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb characterizes one source whereas high ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb characterizes the second source. Lead isotopic compositions of Jurassic and Miocene ore minerals (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb>18.50; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb>15.61) lie along the average crustal growth curve. By contrast, most Cretaceous deposits have ore minerals with lower ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (<18.39) and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (<15.58) than Jurassic ore minerals. The shift in lead isotopic composition to lower lead isotopic values precludes derivation of lead from a source of similar composition to those in the Jurassic or Tertiary deposits. For Cretaceous deposits, polymetallic and low-sulfidation epithermal veins and a skarn have lower ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb than a porphyry copper-gold system and peripheral gold veins at Andacollo (18.43-18.50). Late Cretaceous veins from the Bellavista deposit have the lowest ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.33) of all deposits. Ore minerals in Miocene and Pliocene porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits have higher ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.58-18.67) than Cretaceous deposits, consistent with their age being younger. The Miocene and Pliocene ore minerals also have higher ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.58-15.66) than Cretaceous ore minerals, thereby requiring an additional input from the high-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb source into the younger deposits. Miocene auriferous deposits in the north have similar ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values as the Miocene and Pliocene porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in the south, but they are distinguished by higher and variable ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.61-15.66) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (38.54-39.01), which are arrayed along steep mixing trends. These ore minerals have the largest input of high-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb material in the deposits studied. By contrast, lead in the epigenetic manto deposits appears to be derived from the host volcanic or sedimentary rock-dominated sequences, and locally exhibits large-scale isotopic heterogeneity within a deposit. Overall, the lead isotopic compositions of ore minerals mimic the values and variations established in age-equivalent rock sequences. The low-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb material in the deposits is derived from Cretaceous igneous rocks or their sources as they evolved with time; low ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb characterizes these rocks. By contrast, high-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb material is likely derived from Carboniferous to Triassic igneous rocks or their sources, as this lead isotopic characteristic dominates these rocks.     

黔西北福来厂铅锌矿床Pb同位素研究及地质意义

单阶段演化正常铅用H-H法可获得高准确性的模式年龄,在黔西北福来厂铅锌矿床中采集16件矿脉和围岩样品,测定它们的Pb同位素组成,206 pb/204 Pb为18.5346 ～ 18.7294(均值18.5935),207pb/204 Pb为15.7408～15.7603(均值15.7519),208 pb/204 Pb...     

Geology, Geochemistry and Minerogenesis of the Shijuligou Zinc–Copper Deposit in Gansu, China

Abstract: The Shijuligou deposit was separated by an arcuate ductile shear zone cross the center of the deposit region, resulting in the difference between the southern and northern ore bodies. The lead (Pb) isotopic data of ores of the Shijuligou copper deposit have averages of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in 17.634, 15.444, and 37.312, respectively. It has been shown that ore-forming metals originated from intrusive and extrusive rocks in the upper part of ophiolites. The sulfur isotopic data of pyrite and chalcopyrite in the northern part change from +7.61‰ to +8.09‰ and +4.95‰ to +8.88‰ in the southern part. Isotopes of δ18O in the Shijuligou copper deposit are between +11.1‰ and +18.6‰, with the calculated δ18OH2O at +0.65‰. It is suggested that the mineralized fluid is a mixture of magma fluid, meteorological water, and seawater through circulating and leaching metals from the volcanic rocks. The zircon uranium-lead (U–Pb) dating of gabbro is 457.9±1.2 Ma, and the lower crossing age of the discordant and concordia curves of pyroxene spilite of zircon is 454±15 Ma. It is indicated that the Shijuligou deposit formed in a new ocean crust (ophiolite) of the back-arc basin in the late Ordovician. Mineralization should occur in the intermittence period after strong volcanic activity, and the age should be the late Ordovician. Moreover, the mineralization of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the ancient orogenic belt of the late Ordovician in the northern Qilian Mountains was controlled by the primary fault/fracture, with the forming of a metallogenic hydrothermal system by a mixture of volcanic magma fluid and seawater, which circularly leached the metallogenic metals from the volcanic rocks, resulting in their accumulation. The ore bodies were transformed with morphology and metallogenic elements. Jasperoid is an important sign for prospecting such deposits. There were many island arcs in the continent of China. This study provides evidence for understanding and exploration of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in western China, especially in the area of northern Qilian Mountains.     

辽西二道沟金矿成矿物质来源：来自S Pb同位素的证据

辽西二道沟金矿位于华北克拉通北缘中段,矿化类型为石英脉型,矿脉产状受断裂严格控制。对该矿床的典型矿脉进行了详细的硫、铅同位素研究,探讨了该矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明：二道沟金矿成矿热液的总硫同位素组成接近地幔硫的值(δ34S≈0‰),反映了成矿热液的硫主要来自深部岩浆;铅同位素206Pb/204Pb、 207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别变化在17047~17292、15319~15555和36991~37855之间,得出矿石铅主要来源为地幔,且有下地壳铅的混入;二道沟金矿矿石的硫、铅同位素特征与西对面沟岩体的硫、铅同位素组成特征基本一致,说明成矿物质的来源与西对面沟岩体(或这次岩浆作用)有密切联系。这些证据都证明了二道沟金矿成矿物质来源于深源岩浆。     

In situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope analysis of the Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province (SW China): Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids

The Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit, located in southwestern Sichuan Province, western Yangtze Block, is stratigraphically controlled by late Ediacaran Dengying Formation and contains >0.3 Mt of metal reserves with 11 wt% Pb + Zn. A principal feature is that this deposit is structurally controlled by normal faults, whereas other typical deposits nearby (e.g. Maozu) are controlled by reverse faults. The origin of the Yinchanggou deposit is still controversial. Ore genetic models, based on conventional whole-rock isotope tracers, favor either sedimentary basin brine, magmatic water or metamorphic fluid sources. Here we use in situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope features of sulfide minerals to constrain the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. The Pb isotope compositions of galena determined by femtosecond LA-MC-ICPMS are as follows: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.17–18.24, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.69–15.71, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.51–38.63. These in situ Pb isotope data overlap with bulk-chemistry Pb isotope compositions of sulfide minerals (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.11–18.40, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.66–15.76, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.25–38.88), and both sets of data plotting above the Pb evolution curve of average upper continental crust. Such Pb isotope signatures suggest an upper crustal source of Pb. In addition, the coarse-grained galena in massive ore collected from the deep part has higher ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (18.18–18.24) than the fine-grained galena in stockwork ore sampled from the shallow part (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.17–18.19), whereas the latter has higher ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (38.59–38.63) than the former (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.51–38.59). However, both types of galena have the same ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (15.69–15.71). This implies two independent Pb sources, and the metal Pb derived from the basement metamorphic rocks was dominant during the early phase of ore formation in the deep part, whereas the ore-hosting sedimentary rocks supplied the majority of metal Pb at the late phase in the shallow part. In addition, sphalerite separated from different levels has initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.7101 to 0.7130, which are higher than the ore formation age-corrected ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of country sedimentary rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_200 Ma = 0.7083–0.7096), but are significantly lower than those of the ore formation age-corrected basement rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_200 Ma = 0.7243–0.7288). Again, such Sr isotope signatures suggest that the above two Pb sources were involved in ore formation. Hence, the gradually mixing process of mineralizing elements and associated fluids plays a key role in the precipitation of sulfide minerals at the Yinchanggou ore district. Integrating all the evidence, we interpret the Yinchanggou deposit as a strata-bound, normal fault-controlled epigenetic deposit that formed during the late Indosinian. We also propose that the massive ore is formed earlier than the stockwork ore, and the temporal-spatial variations of Pb and Sr isotopes suggest a certain potential of ore prospecting in the deep mining area.     

Sulfur, Carbon and Lead Isotope Studies of the Dajing Polymetallic Deposit in Linxi County, Inner Mongolia, China – Implication for Metallogenic Elements from Hypomagmatic Source

Abstract: The Dajing Cu‐polymetallic ore deposit in Linxi county, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, is economically a valuable Cu–Sn–Ag–Zn–Pb deposit in the southern section of the Da Hinggan metallogenic province. For the analyzed 23 samples of sulfide minerals, including chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena, the δ³⁴S values range from –1.8 to +3.8 % with an average of +0.65 %. The narrow distributions of the δ³⁴S values with +1 % peak value, including the published data, and the δ¹³C values around –5 % indicate that the sulfur and carbon of the hydrothermal fluids are derived from a hypomagmatic source, and exclude the possibility that the hosted strata, i.e., the Upper Permian Linxi Formation, provided certain amounts of sulfur and carbon. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of sulfide ores range respectively within 18.257‐18.368, 15.476‐15.609, and 37.916‐38.355 with the model ages of 122–209 Ma. The black shale, however, contains higher radiogenic lead with the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.473‐20.156, differing from the ores. However, the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of the ore, basaltic porphyrite and feldspar leads are similar, and lie on the same lines in the diagrams of ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb. The fact that these mixing lines are composed of the two end members, the mantle and orogenic belt, strongly supports that all the metallogenic elements were carried by the hypomagma mixing the matters of the mantle and orogenic belt prior to the Mesozoic. Therefore, the Dajing ore deposit is a typical mag–matic–hydrothermal vein type ore deposit associated with subvolcanic rocks.