福建重力场演变特征与仙游M_L 5.2级地震研究

对福建地区2008—2017年的流动重力复测资料进行系统整理和分析,从重力场时空变化角度分析了福建地区重力场演变特征,并重点研究了2013年仙游M_L 5.2级地震前区域重力场累积变化和震中附近测点重力点值时序变化,探讨了重力场变化与地震的关系。研究发现:福建地区重力场变化显著,且呈现逐渐增强态势;仙游地震发生前,沙县—南日岛断裂两侧重力正、负高值异常变化,震中附近测点重力值存在转折异常。     

南天山—帕米尔地区近期重力场动态变化特征

利用2014—2016年南天山—帕米尔地区5期流动重力观测资料,分析该地区半年和一年尺度重力变化特征,探讨了地震孕育发生与重力场变化特征的关系。结果表明:南天山—帕米尔地区半年和一年尺度重力变化量分别为(10~20)×10~(-8)m·s~(-2)和(20~30)×10~(-8)m·s~(-2),重力场变化有明显的分区特征,塔里木盆地较多表现出重力正值变化,南天山和帕米尔地区正负值变化交替出现。重力场变化能较好地反映该地区地震孕育和发生过程,地震发生前,在震中附近地区的重力变化值出现上升的趋势。在孕震区及附近地区出现重力变化高梯度带,并伴随有重力变化零线,且地震多发生在重力变化正值集中区的零线附近。     

辽南地区2012-2015年重力时空变化特征分析

重力变化是地震监测预报工作的重要内容,本文以辽南地区为例,收集、整理了2012-2015年8期流动重力观测资料,通过重力平差计算,来研究区域重力场时空变化、重力点值时序变化和段差值时序变化等,分析重力场的时、空、强变化特征.判定潜在地震发生的高风险区域.结果显示盖州—大石桥—海城地区和明阳—庄河—魏屯地区重力变化起伏较大,异常明显,应给予密切关注.     

胶东测区重力场时空动态演化特征

系统分析了胶东测区1996—2009年期间流动重力测量资料,着重探讨了1996年以来相邻期的重力点值的空间变化规律,重力场有规律的变化表现为：胶东测区自观测以来有着活跃-平静-活跃-逐渐稳定的变化过程。另外,分析了胶东测区内断裂带附近的部分测点的点值和段差值变化特征,认为重力场变化与活动断裂构造密切相关,从而进一步加深了对胶东测区重力场时、空、强动态演化特征的初步认识,这为今后对山东地区重力场深入分析和研究打下了坚实的基础。     

华北中部地区重力场时空动态演化特征

以2009—2013年获取的9期流动重力资料为基础,系统分析华北中部地区的重力测量资料,研究重力场的时空动态演化特征。资料显示华北中部地区重力异常变化十分剧烈,整个测区呈现大面积负值变化,在局部地区形成重力变化梯度带。重力场变化与断裂活动密切相关,近期出现的反向变化表明该地区地震危险性进一步加大,这对地震预报工作具有重要的现实意义。     

关中地区重力场及其时空动态演化特征

系统分析了关中地区1992～2004年流动重力测量资料，研究了重力场的时空动态演化特征。10多年来的重力场动态变化图象表明：重力场变化与活动断裂构造密切相关，重力场有规律的变化与区域应力-应变场微动态活动有关。区域重力场总的趋势变化为：关中南部秦岭山区重力负值变化，测区中部渭河断陷盆地至韩城一带重力正值变化，测区北部铜川-黄龙一带的渭北黄土塬重力负值变化。西安城区重力变化主要是过量开采地下水、含水系统压密所致。     

广西北流—广东化州5.2级地震前粤桂琼地区重力变化特征

收集了粤桂琼地区4个台站的连续重力观测资料和雷琼地区的流动重力观测资料,研究了广西北流—广东化州5.2级地震前粤桂琼地区重力变化特征。其中连续重力观测资料的分析从重力扰动和重力M2波潮汐因子变化两个方面进行;流动重力观测资料的分析从重力场差分动态和累积动态变化两个方面进行。连续重力观测资料的研究表明震前粤桂琼地区连续重力观测资料无异常现象;雷琼地区流动重力观测资料的研究结果表明,广西北流—广东化州5.2级地震前,震中附近地区存在重力场变化异常,异常持续时间约2年,异常范围约100 km,异常量级约50x10~(-8)m·s~(-2),地震发生于重力场变化的高梯度带上。     

河西地区重力变化与2013年门源MS5.1地震研究

基于2010年5月—2013年10月的6期在河西地区流动重力测量资料获得的重力场时空变化结果,分析该区近期重力场变化及与2013年门源MS5.1地震的关系。结果表明：河西地区重力场变化空间分布显示在活动断裂附近重力变化较大,沿祁连山北缘断裂、昌马—门源断裂及庄浪河断裂形成与断裂带走向基本一致的重力变化高梯度带,反映了断裂构造活动引起的重力局部异常变化特征。2013年门源MS5.1地震发生在重力变化的高梯度带附近。     

新疆南天山地区重力场动态变化特征研究

利用南天山地区2010~2013年间的10期流动重力观测资料,以相邻两期流动重力值作为单元,计算出监测区重力场变化量,分析了该地区重力场时空变化特征,探讨了地震孕育和发生与重力场变化的关系。结果表明:区域重力场总的变化趋势具有以巴楚、麦盖提为界西边重力场增强,东边重力场减弱的特征,区域内重力变化极值区多出现在南天山与西昆仑交汇区,重力场变化梯度也较大,塔里木盆地重力场变化梯度较小,比较稳定。     

2011年新疆伽师M_S5.8地震重力场前兆异常特征

利用2011年8月11日新疆伽师MS5.8地震前喀什—伽师流动重力网2009年4月至2011年7月的重力复测数据,绘制区域重力场差分和累计动态变化图像。分析表明:(1)地震发生在断裂带重力变化正、负异常密集区的零等值线附近和重力场的反向恢复变化过程中;地震发生前一年出现"闭锁"的重力变化特征;(2)区域重力场差分变化反映出震前伽师—西克尔地区地壳物质运动信息;区域重力场的"平静—活跃"过程,反映出伽师—西克尔区域重力场短期局部构造运动;区域重力场累计动态变化反映出地壳运动的背景特征;(3)地震震前重力变化等值线平行于断层分布,临震时重力变化等值线近垂直于断层,是一个显著的重力特征。     

冀鲁豫交界地区重力场变化与区内小震关系探讨

冀鲁豫交界地区历史上曾发生过多次中强地震,是一直受关注的地震危险区。利用该区1995—2010年共20期的流动重力观测资料,在统一起算基准、消除系统误差的基础上进行拟稳平差,计算重力场累积变化量;通过对重力场变化的分析,研究测区内重力场动态变化与测区内发生的一系列4级左右地震的关系。研究结果认为:冀鲁豫地区发生M_L4.0以上地震前后震区的重力场变化具有明显的"震前持续上升-震后反向恢复"的特征。     

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western M_s=8.1 earthquake

AbstractThe relation between the gravity variation features and M_S=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area isanalyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravityand relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)M_S=8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountainpass western occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity's high negative variation; 2)The maintectonic deformation and energy accumulation before M_S=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of theepicenter;3)The range of gravity’s high negative variation at east of the M_s=8.1 earthquake epicenter relativelycoincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation; 4)Gravity variation distribution in highnegative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain’s high value region of strain field obtainedfrom GPS observation.     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHANGE OF GRAVITY FIELD IN XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE AND THEIR RELATION TO THE OCCURRENCE OF MS ≥ 5.0 EARTHQUAKES

Xianshuihe Fault, a main strong earthquake activity belt in southwest China, begins from Ganzi in the northwest, passes through Luhuo, Daofu, and Kangding, and then extents along the Dadu River valley. The fault is divided into two parts at Shimian, one part turns to south and converses to Anninghe Fault extending further to south, the other part, continuing to extend to southeast, cutting through Xiaoxiangling and then changing to Daliangshan Faults in the north of the Yuexi Basin, has the length of about 400km. Since 1700AD, there have happened 22 earthquakes larger than magnitude 6.0 and 8 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7.0. In this paper, we systematically collated and computed the gravity repetition measurement data along the Xianshuihe fault zone since 1988, and by referring to the anomaly index of gravity field of the predecessor achievements, analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity field and the relation to the occurrence of ≥ M_S5.0 earthquakes. The mechanism of the regional gravity changes is further studied, and also the implication of strong earthquake risk because of the dynamic variation of gravity field in the near future is discussed.The results show that:1)The mobile gravity observation has the ability to detect crustal activity and M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquake events. 2)There is definite correspondence between interannual gravitational field change and the 8 earthquakes among the 13 M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquakes occurring in the surveying area since 1988, which can be determined according to the change of interannual gravitational field. Three M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes occurred 3~4 years after the abnormal image was developed, 4 earthquakes that occurred in the region of no data available were not determined. 3)A significant feature of the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity is a north-south run-through image before 2004, and characterized by the alternatively positive or negative variation in different year, the earthquakes of M_S ≥ 5.0 occurring in this period were not distributed along the fault. Gravity variation magnitude indicates that there were two similar crustal material movement waves before 2004, corresponding to the course of earthquake space-time distribution from strong to weak in the study area. After 2010, the variation image shows that the local positive and negative zones are concurrent within a year, different from the image before 2004, and earthquakes of M_S ≥ 5.0 basically occurred on the fault. It is believed that the variation of gravity field since 1988 and the seismic distribution fit with the geodynamic mode of strong and weak stages of the northeast motion of Indian plate. According to the conclusion we can try to optimize gravity anomaly index. After the Kangding earthquake in 2014, the north segment of Moxi Fault was still subject to negative high value changes till 2017 and then the gravity variation was further developed to a four quadrant distribution image. Based on the analysis of this paper and the previous variation trend of gravity field, we believe that the north segment of Moxi Fault has the background of medium-long term, strong or large earthquake risk.     

基于GRACE卫星和地表流动重力的汶川MS 8.0地震前重力时空变化

利用GRACE卫星重力场模型和地表流动重力观测资料,计算2008年汶川M_S 8.0地震发生前6年的重力变化,对卫星和流动重力段差结果与卫星重力反映的重力场动态变化特征进行研究,结果表明：①GRACE卫星重力段差受滤波半径影响显著,与地表流动重力观测结果相比,在重力变化数值上差异较大,在变化率上较为一致;②在汶川地震孕育阶段,川滇地区重力等值线呈“增大—减速增大—减小”的特征,震前2年形成近似垂直于龙门山断裂带的重力变化梯度带。     

2017年12月19日海城M4.4地震重力变化及机理研究

利用辽宁地区2013-2018年流动重力观测资料,分析研究2017年12月海城M4.4震前重力空间演化特征及变化机理。研究表明:(1)辽中南地区重力场异常变化与海城M4.4地震具有一定的时空对应性;(2)一年半的累积变化显示震中东北部呈正变化,西南部呈负变化,并伴有重力变化高梯度带,最大幅差达70μGal。邻期变化显示,震前半年出现大范围正负反转变化和四象限特征,幅值在40μGal左右;(3)0值线控制海岫地区并出现转折,海城河断裂附近出现差异的重力变化;(4)结合海岫地区地质构造背景,认为该次地震事件所反映出的重力变化可能是辽中南地区地壳构造运动和地壳深部物质迁移共同所致。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-SCALE GRAVITY FIELD VARIATION AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

As the most basic geophysical field, the earth gravity field has achieved wide attention, and its spatial anomaly characteristics and dynamic variation can provide important scientific basis for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the Earth. Based on the mobile gravity observation data of the southeastern Tibetan plateau from 2013 to 2016, the dynamic variation tendency and anomaly characteristics of the regional gravity field in different temporal resolutions are obtained before and after the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes in the study area respectively. The method of wavelet multi-scale decomposition is used to analyze the relationships of gravity field variation with the earth movement, material density change, and strong earthquake preparation. The deep material variation, dynamic process and the mechanism of earthquake inoculation in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are further discussed. Results indicate that the gravity field variation in the source region before the Ludian and Jinggu earthquake respectively is characterized by obvious positive and negative anomalous transition zone and gradient zone that are consistent with the direction of fault tectonics, suggesting the strong crustal movement and mass migration during the earthquake incubation period. The result of wavelet multi-scale decomposition of the gravity field during the period from September 2013 to April 2014 shows that the gravity field variation at different depth and space scale in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau is significantly correlated with seismic distribution and the location of active fault zone. This indicates that the earthquake inoculation in the study area is closely related to the fault movement and the distribution of material density in the crust and upper mantle, which may be affected by the complex deep dynamic process of the material migration in the crust and mantle. The characteristic that strong earthquakes always occur near positive and negative anomaly transition zones and gradient zones of gravity field change is preliminarily explained, based on the dynamic process of material migration in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The research results of this paper have some reference value to the study on the earth movement and seismogenic mechanism.     

山西地区几次地震前后的重力场变化

选取了山西测网1997年—2006年重力复测资料,主要研究了重力点值特征和重力场变化情况,认为,重力场变化与山西境内的地震有较好的对应关系。     

基于变差函数的插值方法计算华北地区重力场变化

定点重复重力测量是获取区域重力场变化的主要手段之一, 重力场特征与地形起伏、 构造走向等因素相关。 以华北地区为例, 考虑区域内地形和构造的北东向分布规律, 从EGM2008重力模型中拟合各向异性变差函数参数, 利用变差函数网格化插值, 对华北地区2009—2013年期间重力场观测数据进行网格化重建, 获取华北地区重力场时空变化结果。 研究结果表明基于区域地形、 构造特征的各向异性变差函数插值方法, 获得的空间重力场变化在重力异常梯级带上更加明显, 重力变化与活动构造分布具有更好的一致性。 本文研究方法对于恢复区域时空重力场异常具有重要意义, 有助于提高应用重力资料划分潜在地震危险区空间位置的精度, 为华北地区震情研判和构建地震预报定量指标体系提供可靠的地球物理场数据。     

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western Ms=8.1 earthquake

The relation between the gravity variation features and Ms=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area is analyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravity and relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)Ms\8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountain pass westem occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity‘s high negative variation;2)The Main tectonic deformation and emnergy accumulation before MS=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of the epicenter;3)The range of gravity‘s high negative variation at east of the MS=8.1 earthquake epicenter relatively coincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation;4)Gravity variation distribution in high negative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain‘s high value region of strain field obtained from GPS observation.     

STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY VARIATION BEFORE AND AFTER HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE

The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake of December 8, 2016 is a pure thrust event in the northern Tianshan thrust fold belt. The earthquake occurred between the Qigu Fault and the Junggar southern margin fault, which are both thrust faults. Based on mobile gravity measurements from 2013 to 2018 in the northern Tianshan, the gravity net adjustment was accomplished using Urumqi absolute gravity observation point as the datum, and the absolute gravity value of surface observation points were obtained. In order to eliminate the seasonal effect on gravity variation, the paper uses the observation data in May per annual as studying objects and obtains the temporal-spatial dynamic evolution images of gravity field differences in the northern Tianshan at different time scales as well as the time series of gravity variation of some points in the adjacent area of the epicenter. The characteristics of regional gravity variation before and after the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake on December 8, 2016 and their relations are analyzed systematically. The results show that: 1)The gravity variations in the study area are dramatic in generally, and the contours of gravity variation are consistent with the main faults basically. There was a four-quadrant distribution near the epicenter before the earthquake, and the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred near the center of the four-quadrant distribution and at the turn of the gravity variation contour. The three years' cumulative gravity variation before the earthquake and the gravity variation after the earthquake are inversed, and the variation amplitudes are equivalent, suggesting that the M_S6.2 earthquake has released the stress and the energy accumulated before the earthquake. 2)This paper focuses on the analysis of gravity variation at the observation points on both sides of the Junggar southern margin fault near the epicenter. Regional gravity variation and gravity time series show that gravity variations at the same side of the Junggar southern margin fault are basically consistent, however, gravity variations at the different sides of the Junggar southern margin fault are different from each other obviously, indicating the difference of material migration laws in different structural regions. In addition, the strain energy accumulated in the epicenter is basically released after the earthquake, and the area nearby the epicenter tends to be stable. 3)The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred near the center of the four-quadrant and at the turn of the high-gradient zone of gravity variation, reflecting the location of strong earthquake is related to the distribution of four-quadrant of regional gravity variation, the high-gradient zone of regional gravity variation and its turn. It has a unique advantage in determining the location of strong earthquake using gravity variation results. The regional spatial-temporal gravity variation before the earthquake is manifested as a systematic evolution process of “steady state→regional gravity anomaly→four-quadrant distribution→earthquake occurring in the reverse process”. Studying the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of gravity field before and after Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake has important practical significance for understanding the occurrence law of large earthquakes and capturing the precursory information of earthquakes.