基于K-means聚类分析的球冠谐函数拟合高程异常方法

利用球冠谐函数拟合高程异常曲面时,GPS/水准数据的分布和选取,对最后的拟合精度有较大影响。本文提出了一种基于K-Means聚类的球冠谐函数拟合方法,即利用K-Means聚类分析方法对高程异常数据点进行有效分类和选择,再结合球冠谐函数的逼近方法,提高了高程异常曲面的拟合精度。通过与实测高程异常数据进行比较,基于K-Means聚类分析的球冠谐函数拟合方法优于多项式拟合法、移动二次曲面拟合法、多面函数拟合法和球冠谐函数拟合法。     

几种移去恢复法的比较分析

小区域的工程建设中,为充分利用GPS测得的大地高成果,通常采用几何拟合法和移去恢复法计算当地的大地水准面模型,通过具体算例对常用的拟合模型和几种移去恢复法进行分析比较,提出基于CQG2000的移去恢复法,试验表明该法较其它方法精度有明显提高。     

基于球谐函数模型的电离层预报

据球谐函数模型系数的特点,采用ARMA(p,q)模型对球谐函数模型系数进行预报,由球谐函数模型计算电离层VTEC。提出了针对某一时刻球谐系数进行预报的方法,相比传统按照时刻顺序的预报,预报时间大大延长,预报精度也有所提高。试验结果表明,相比中高纬度地区,低纬度地区预报精度偏低,同时,一天中不同时刻预报结果有所差别,前半天的预报效果明显好于后半天。     

基于移去--恢复技术的区域大地水准面拟合方法研究

在介绍移去恢复法基本原理的基础上通过对移去项分两种不同情况进行计算,然后对移去后剩余部分分别用多面函数法和四次多项式法进行拟合内插,恢复移去项后得出拟合后的区域大地水准面。经比较分析知,四次多项式在结合重力模型和GPS水准拟合大地水准面中精度较高,且改进的移去项有助于提高拟合精度。     

球谐函数变换快速计算扰动引力

在球谐函数变换基础上,利用新极下轨道的特殊性,在新坐标下引入Clenshaw求和计算轨道扰动引力。从理论上对比分析了传统方法、球谐函数变换方法和改进方法的计算速度和存储模型需要的物理空间。模拟试验分别采用3种方法计算了一段轨道的扰动引力,试验结果表明,改进的球谐函数变换方法比传统球谐函数变换方法计算速度可提高100倍,数据存储量仅占传统方法的3%。     

人卫激光测距望远镜系统的指向修正

利用实测数据分析了人卫激光测距望远镜系统常用的两种指向修正模型(球谐函数模型与Mount Strom lo支架模型)的精度和稳定性。结果表明,两种模型均能达到较好的拟合精度,但Mount Strom lo支架模型系数间大多不相关,其稳定性明显优于球谐函数模型。     

一类球谐函数与三角函数乘积积分的计算

本文根据球谐函数的跨次递推公式和三角函数的性质,详细推导了在重力梯度调和分析中出现的一类球谐函数积分的跨次递推公式和递推初始值的计算公式。数值试验表明,球谐函数跨次递推算法具有快速、稳定的优点。该类积分的跨次递推实现,为卫星重力梯度调和分析奠定了算法基础。     

广义球谐函数定积分计算方法的改进

运用球谐函数定积分的基本递推公式,推导了在重力场球谐综合与球谐分析中出现的广义球谐函数定积分的计算公式;给出了其适用于超高阶次的改良型递推公式.数值试验表明,该改良公式具有较高的计算精度和计算速度,解决了超高阶次广义球谐函数定积分计算的溢出问题,拓展了这类定积分的计算公式.他们的数值实现为利用位模型计算高分辨率扰动重力场元格网平均值、重力场球谐综合分析等奠定了基础.     

中国区域VTEC模型Kriging算法研究

为了对区域电离层延迟进行实时模型化,利用中国区域GPS实测资料,基于球冠谐函数模型、低阶球谐函数模型、多项式模型和Kriging内插方法,构建了电离层延迟模型。重点讨论了电离层垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)的空间变异性、相关性的统计计算和Kriging内插估计方法,实现了中国区域VTEC格网实时建模。验证结果表明,高纬度地区VTEC拟合精度优于低纬度地区,Kriging内插估计和多项式模型结果的拟合内符合精度明显优于球冠谐函数模型和低阶球谐函数模型。但多项式拟合的格网,其方差则存在明显的边际效应,拟合区域中央精度较高,区域边缘地带精度明显下降;Kriging算法估计的格网点VTEC方差更符合实际情况,穿刺点多的地方,格网点精度较高。     

地壳垂直形变场逼近的球冠谐分析法

基于地壳垂直运动的均衡理论,讨论了球谐函数法用于区域地壳垂直形变场逼近时所存在的问题,提出并推导了球冠谐分析法逼近区域地壳垂直形变场的模型.并利用该模型对两个实际区域进行了试验,取得了良好的效果.     

The deviations of the sea surface from the geoid and their effect on geoid computation

The effects of the deviations of sea surface topography from the geoid are estimated for terrestrial geoid computations as obtained from Stokes' formula. The results are based on an equal-area expansion of Lisitzin's sea surface topography data in a spherical harmonic series. It is realized that those data affect mainly the harmonics of degree n≤10. Consequently, in geoids obtained from combination solutions (where low harmonics are dominated by harmonics as obtained from differential orbit improvement) the sea surface topography effects are relatively small.     

全球电离层TEC的轮胎调和分析与预报

将轮胎调和分析引入电离层TEC的模型化过程中,建立了基于轮胎调和分析的电离层TEC球谐系数模型,并对该模型进行详细的验证和分析。结果表明,本文模型计算精度高,系数截断为15阶时,恢复误差全年统计不超过4%,且除南、北极区外球谐模型具有很好的适用性。然后对该模型系数的时间序列特性进行了函数估计：引入逐级余差建模方法,使用趋势函数、功率谱分析、ARMA模型对球谐系数的时间序列进行分析,找出了模型系数时间序列变化的规律,构建了预报模型,实现了基于模型系数的预报,并对预报系数的精度变化问题和系数本身短期预报的数据积累时间进行分析,最终通过TEC的预报,验证了模型的精度。     

Two different methods of geoidal height determinations using a spherical harmonic representation of the geopotential, topographic corrections and the height anomaly–geoidal height difference

 It is suggested that a spherical harmonic representation of the geoidal heights using global Earth gravity models (EGM) might be accurate enough for many applications, although we know that some short-wavelength signals are missing in a potential coefficient model. A `direct' method of geoidal height determination from a global Earth gravity model coefficient alone and an `indirect' approach of geoidal height determination through height anomaly computed from a global gravity model are investigated. In both methods, suitable correction terms are applied. The results of computations in two test areas show that the direct and indirect approaches of geoid height determination yield good agreement with the classical gravimetric geoidal heights which are determined from Stokes' formula. Surprisingly, the results of the indirect method of geoidal height determination yield better agreement with the global positioning system (GPS)-levelling derived geoid heights, which are used to demonstrate such improvements, than the results of gravimetric geoid heights at to the same GPS stations. It has been demonstrated that the application of correction terms in both methods improves the agreement of geoidal heights at GPS-levelling stations. It is also found that the correction terms in the direct method of geoidal height determination are mostly similar to the correction terms used for the indirect determination of geoidal heights from height anomalies. Received: 26 July 2001 / Accepted: 21 February 2002     

扰动重力梯度的球冠谐分析建模

从球冠谐理论出发,详细推导了球冠坐标系下扰动重力梯度的无奇异性计算公式。基于Tikhonov正则化方法,利用GOCE卫星实际观测数据解算局部重力场球冠谐模型。数值计算表明,基于扰动重力梯度的球冠谐分析建模方法能够有效地恢复局部重力场中的短波信号,与GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5模型的差异在±0.3×10~(-5) m/s~2水平。     

应用Slepian局部谱方法解算中国大陆重力场球谐模型

根据经典的球谐函数方法,为满足正交化要求,观测数据需要覆盖整个球面,而对于地表局部测量数据,则无法应用球谐方法解算重力场模型。针对此问题,采用Slepian局部谱分析方法解算中国大陆范围内的实测重力场变化数据,并以GOCE卫星球谐函数解作为已知模型,评估由于实际陆地重力测点的非均匀分布对球谐函数解的误差影响。通过计算多个阶次中国大陆局部范围的Slepian基函数分布;采用GOCE卫星获得重力场模型的前72阶球谐系数作为已知结果,评价实际测点非均匀分布的解算有效性,并针对中国大陆地区采用Slepian基函数进行解算,通过模型对比选择最优截段项数;针对2005—2008年中国大陆地区流动重力测量获得的重力场变化信号进行解算,获得了72阶重力场变化模型。     

Truncated geoid and gravity inversion for one point-mass anomaly

The truncated geoid, defined by the truncated Stokes' integral transform, an integral convolution of gravity anomalies with the Stokes' function on a spherical cap, is often used as a mathematical tool in geoid computations via Stokes' integral to overcome computational difficulties, particularly the need to integrate over the entire boundary spheroid. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the truncated geoid does, besides having mathematical applications, have physical interpretation, and thus may be used in gravity inversion. A very simple model of one point-mass anomaly is chosen and a method for inverting its synthetic gravity field with the use of the truncated geoid is presented. The method of inverting the synthetic field generated by one point-mass anomaly has become fundamental for the authors' inversion studies for sets of point-mass anomalies, which are published in a separate paper. More general applications are currently under investigation. Since an inversion technique for physically meaningful mass distributions based on the truncated geoid has not yet been developed, this work is not related to any of the existing gravity inversion techniques. The inversion for one point mass is based on the onset of the so-called dimple event, which occurs in the sequence of surfaces (or profiles) of the first derivative of the truncated geoid with respect to the truncation parameter (radius of the integration cap), its only free parameter. Computing the truncated geoid at various values of the truncation parameter may be understood as spatial filtering of surface gravity data, a type of weighted spherical windowing method. Studying the change of the truncated geoid represented by its first derivative may be understood as a data enhancement method. The instant of the dimple onset is practically independent of the mass of the point anomaly and linearly dependent on its depth. Received: 26 September 1996 /Accepted: 28 September 1998     

A method of evaluating the truncation error coefficients for geoidal height

Neglecting distant zones in the computation of geoidal height using Stokes' formula gives rise to some truncation error. This truncation error is expressible as a weighted summation of the zonal harmonic components of the gravity anomaly. Making use of the well-known properties of Legendre polynomials, a compact method of computing these theoretical coefficients has been developed in this paper.     

Spherical cap harmonic model for mapping and predicting regional TEC

An approach to modeling the regional ionospheric total electron content (TEC) based on spherical cap harmonic analysis is presented. This approach not only provides a better regional TEC mapping accuracy, but also the capability for ionospheric model prediction based on spectrum analysis and least squares collocation. Unlike conventional approaches, which predict the immediate TEC with models using current observations, the spherical cap harmonic approach utilizes models using past observations to predict a model which will provide future TEC values. A significant advantage in comparison with conventional approaches is that the spherical cap harmonic approach can be used to predict the long-term TEC with reasonable accuracy. This study processes a set of GPS data with an observation time span of 1 year from two GPS networks in China. The TEC mapping accuracy of the spherical cap harmonic model is compared with the polynomial model and the global ionosphere model from IGS. The results show that the spherical cap harmonic model has a better TEC mapping accuracy with smoother residual distributions in both temporal and spatial domains. The TEC prediction with the spherical cap harmonic model has been investigated for both short- and long-term intervals. For the short-term interval, the prediction accuracies for the latencies of 1-day, 2-days, and 3-days are 2.5 TECU, 3.5 TECU, and 4.5 TECU, respectively. For the long-term interval, the prediction accuracy is 4.5 TECU for a 2-month latency.     

GRACE时变重力场各向异性高斯组合滤波方法

受测量误差等因素影响,直接使用GRACE时变重力场模型的地表质量变化反演结果呈现严重条带噪声,必须采用滤波消除。本文对不同滤波方法进行了试验分析,以信噪比最大为准则,确定了不同滤波方法的最优滤波参数,并在此基础上提出了一种各向异性组合滤波方法。该方法根据时变重力场模型球谐系数误差特性,结合各向异性高斯滤波和均方根滤波特点,对精度较高的低次项系数采用较大权重以保留更多有效信号,而对精度较差的高次项系数采用较小权重以压制噪声。不同于传统的两步法组合滤波,该方法仅需进行一步滤波处理。试验结果表明,本文提出的各向异性组合滤波方法计算步骤简单,能够有效消除条带噪声;与单一滤波和传统两步法组合滤波方法相比,提高了反演结果信噪比,保留了更多真实信号。