加强地勘企业文化建设助力地勘企业发展

企业文化是企业的软实力,企业文化建设可以促进企业发展。地勘单位企业文化随着地勘行业体制机制转变及改革发展而产生和变化。"三光荣、四特别"优良传统是地勘人的文化基因。中国地勘单位的特殊地位也决定着目前地勘文化建设有着一定的局限和不足。新时代建设地勘文化,应着力于坚持党建引领企业文化建设,立足优良传统,贯彻以人为本,在四个层面统筹推进,不断建设和完善。     

浅谈勘察设计企业文化建设

本文认为,在新形势下,勘察设计企业需建立全新的本企业文化,需突出自己的特色,并探讨了勘察设计企业文化建设的途径。     

Handicrafts in Oman and their role in rural community development

Oman has a long tradition of practising handicrafts, though few are of high aesthetic value. Omani handicrafts have always been functional, made for a rural population which has valued the artefacts for what they do but much less for their appearance. Nevertheless, handicraft skills are very widespread throughout the rural population. In the past they have been used to process raw materials of agricultural origin, notably from the date palm and from livestock, and also from wild trees and minerals. In addition to local resources, Omani craftsmen have worked imported cotton yarn and imported precious and semi-precious metals. The craftsmen not only provided equipment for rural producers and finished goods for domestic use but they also performed the important community roles of linking primary producer with primary producer and consumer, and making both more aware of the raw materials of the environment in which they lived. In doing this, craftsmen, with their mutually respected skills, played a vital role in creating the complex network of interdependencies from which a community is built. However, the Omani and other regional oil industries put great pressure on all rural activities, and particularly on the highly labour-intensive crafts. People sought work in the urban centres and in the armed forces at the same time as a flood of cheap imports prevented craftsmen from raising their prices to keep abreast of inflation and of heightened personal material aspirations. The impact of oil was so rapid that the craftsmen had no time to adapt their techniques or their products to meet the new circumstances. Craft growth and change needed government support to see it through a difficult transitional period. Unfortunately, however, the government of Oman has only played a small and somewhat confused role in the crafts. Many people can no longer practise their inherited skills and the role that they played in maintaining the community has been largely destroyed. Concentrated effort needs to be made, craft by craft, initially at a village scale, to train and to modify techniques where necessary and to expand market openings. Success in a single village can then form the basis of expanded regional or national projects, drawing in other resources such as credit from the Agricultural Bank and using the marketing networks of the Central Marketing Authority. An approach which has been used to redevelop spinning and weaving and to introduce irrigation channel manufacture in a coastal village in northern Oman is providing valuable information that could be used as the basis of other craft projects in Oman and in countries with comparable craft development problems.     

Resilience of small- and medium-sized enterprises as a correlation to community impact: an agent-based modeling approach

Access to government funding is one of the most effective ways to enhance the resilience for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) community after a disaster. Along these lines, a major focus of SME resiliency research has been on examining factors needed to keep an SME open after a disaster. This makes sense as SMEs are critical to community recovery. It seems logical that the severity of a disaster would indicate the impact to a community. Using a systems thinking methodology, we developed a hypothesis that this correlation of severity to impact breaks down over time, causing the community to quickly spiral into trouble. This paper presents an agent-based model to test our hypothesis. The results indicate the impact to a community becomes much more extreme after a threshold or “tipping point” is crossed.     

The development, present significance and future prospects of socialist agricultural enterprises in Slovenia

An important state sector developed in Slovenian agriculture under communism and although it accounted for a less than a tenth of the agricultural area it assumed a major role in supplying food to the urban markets; also in providing raw material to the food processing industry and for exporting. In the context of the transition to a market economy legislation has been enacted that provides for denationalisation and the restructuring of enterprises. This threatens the survival of the state sector and creates problems for the food market because the private farmers are not yet well-organised to provide an alternative supply. The government is committed by the legislation already passed but is anxious to avoid marketing problems.     

煤炭产业经济走势及煤炭企业对策研究

煤基固体废弃物的清洁利用是矿区生态建设亟待解决的问题,重金属的结构形态是煤基固废清洁利用的关键。以安徽淮南矿区潘一矿煤矸石、粉煤灰为研究对象,利用XRF、XRD、SEM和FTIR等微区方法对煤基固废进行表征分析,探讨其精细化学结构及重金属嵌布方式,并结合RAC(Risk Assessment Code)生态风险评价对重金属潜在风险进行评估。结果表明,煤矸石主要粒径以黏粒(0~5 μm)和粗粉砂(10~50 μm)为主,粒度不规则,空间分布间距较大,主要矿物为石英(SiO₂),IR谱线辅助验证了AlO₄和SiO₄的弯曲振动。粉煤灰粒径以粗粉砂(10~50 μm)和砂砾石(50~250 μm)为主,表面以球状包裹体和多孔颗粒组成,粒径大小不一,主要矿物相是莫来石(Al₆Si₂O₁₃),IR谱线发现其存在有机硅Si-O-Si对称伸缩和反对称伸缩。煤矸石中Ni、Pb以有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cr、Cd、As的赋存形态主要是残渣态;粉煤灰中As主要以残渣态和有机结合态存在,其余重金属元素均以残渣态存在。RAC生态风险评价结果表明,煤矸石和粉煤灰中Cr、As属于低风险水平,其余重金属均无风险。研究结果对煤基固废资源化利用及矿区生态环境保护具有重要的现实意义。

     

关于铁路勘察设计企业发展战略问题的思考

发展战略的科学性和可行性在企业的可持续发展中起着重要作用。本文在分析铁路勘察设计企业内外部环境和自身优劣势的基础上，结合对未来市场的判断，为铁路勘察设计企业的发展战略提出了一些有针对性的建议。     

Sophistication at a country pace: community sustainability and amenity-based development

There is a lot at stake in the control of landscapes; not only rights and access to resources, but also the symbolic construction of community identities. Having one’s identity represented in the landscape is critical to understanding one’s position within that community—either as an insider or outsider. This paper examines Great Barrington, Massachusetts as a case study of the links between discourses of landscape and community and their relations to processes of social exclusion during amenity-based development. Building upon conceptions of community as a process of creating boundaries between insiders and outsiders, this paper argues that the sustainability of a town cannot be assessed merely from inside a particular community identity but must situate that town within complex multi-scalar processes to determine if it is merely externalizing its unsustainable aspects, people and practices. I extend this argument by examining the ways to concept of multifunctionality has been used both in Great Barrington and in international discourses to promote sustainability through processes of exclusion. The research for this paper was done in collaboration with the Alliance for a Healthier Great Barrington.     

Patterns of seagrass community response to local shoreline development

Three quarters of the global human population will live in coastal areas in the coming decades and will continue to develop these areas as population density increases. Anthropogenic stressors from this coastal development may lead to fragmented habitats, altered food webs, changes in sediment characteristics, and loss of near-shore vegetated habitats. Seagrass systems are important vegetated estuarine habitats that are vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors, but provide valuable ecosystem functions. Key to maintaining these habitats that filter water, stabilize sediments, and provide refuge to juvenile animals is an understanding of the impacts of local coastal development. To assess development impacts in seagrass communities, we surveyed 20 seagrass beds in lower Chesapeake Bay, VA. We sampled primary producers, consumers, water quality, and sediment characteristics in seagrass beds, and characterized development along the adjacent shoreline using land cover data. Overall, we could not detect effects of local coastal development on these seagrass communities. Seagrass biomass varied only between sites, and was positively correlated with sediment organic matter. Epiphytic algal biomass and epibiont (epifauna and epiphyte) community composition varied between western and eastern regions of the bay. But, neither eelgrass (Zostera marina) leaf nitrogen (a proxy for integrated nitrogen loading), crustacean grazer biomass, epifaunal predator abundance, nor fish and crab abundance differed significantly among sites or regions. Overall, factors operating on different scales appear to drive primary producers, seagrass-associated faunal communities, and sediment properties in these important submerged vegetated habitats in lower Chesapeake Bay.     

地质地勘企事单位自有土地开发模式选择分析与研究

地质地勘企业事业单位都有一定数量、地理位置优越的国有划拨或出让土地,这些自有土地资源价值凸现,是这些单位的利润来源与主要资产。地质地勘企业事业单位要充分依据国家政策,激发自主创新的主动性,充分发挥自有土地开发利用优势,盘活自有土地资产,最大限度的提高其开发价值与利用效率,实现效益和价值最大化。     

The spatial knowledge politics of crisis mapping for community development

Crisis mapping, the combination of software-as-a-service mapping and reporting aimed at large numbers of individuals, is proposed for chronic problems as well as acute issues; it is universalized for global south disasters as well as global north community development. It supposedly affords a new spatial knowledge politics (SKP) that unfolds in local communities. We tested the role of spatial knowledge politics in crisis mapping for community development by co-developing, with local organizations, four applications based on the prominent mapping-telecommunications crisis platform, Crowdmap by Ushahidi. We assessed crisis mapping’s effectiveness in North American community based activities in Francophone and Anglophone Canada. We found persistent technical challenges, consistent with the literature, although crisis mapping allowed increased opportunities for the developer to insert their knowledge. Analysis of the contributions illustrated the use of crisis mapping to report on place-based features that enabled contributors to connect, but also limited the ability to express location and place in 160 characters. It revealed tensions in conceptualization of local spatial knowledge politics as witness versus political influence. Crisis mapping could simultaneously aid and disrupt traditional place-based politics of community based organizations. Our critique serves as a test of crisis mapping’s universality for other fields and its promise of a new SKP.     

浅谈资本运营在勘察设计企业发展中的作用

随着全球经济一体化、信息化的进程加快，勘察设计企业将面临着诸多的挑战。要赢得胜利，需要战略联盟、资源的整合，强强联合，做强做大。资本运营在联合小起到了纽带作用。目前勘察设计企业领导入开始关注、研究、运用“资本运营”。那么资本运营在现代企业中究竟给企业带来什么变化呢？笔者试谈些粗浅的认识。     

Development through football in Africa: Neoliberal and postcolonial models of community development

Informed by academic writings on non-governmental organisations (NGOs), critiques of neoliberal development, and postcolonial development theory, this paper explores the relationship between football and development through critical analysis of two contrasting initiatives. One is the Football for Hope Movement (FHM), which was the principal backer of the official campaign of the 2010 FIFA World Cup (FWC), called “20 Centres for 2010”. The second is the Katina 2009 football tournament held under the auspices of a community development project in Uganda sponsored by the Guardian newspaper and Barclays bank in the UK.The initial aim was to identify the particular development models at work within ‘development through football’ initiatives. While an established model of NGO-led community development is certainly apparent, different initiatives suggest a basic distinction between neoliberal and postcolonial variants. The paper identifies and explains the differences while showing how contrasting models become sites of struggle and overlap, to some extent, when translated into development practice. Ultimately, the investigation reveals how football is used as a magnet to draw young people deeper into the operational orbit of NGOs and their donors. The paper also draws attention to new actors and partnerships in international development – most notably the Guardian, whose transformation into a development actor suggests a novel ‘NGO-isation’ of the media itself.     

Infaunal community development of artificially established salt marshes in North Carolina

In recent years, artificial establishment of Spartina alterniflora marshes has become a common method for mitigating impacts to salt marsh systems. The vegetative component of artificially established salt marshes has been examined in several studies, but relatively little is known about the other aspects of these systems. This study was undertaken to investigate the infaunal community of artificially established salt marshes. Infauna were sampled from pairs of artificially established (AE) salt marshes and nearby natural marshes at six sites along the North Carolina coast. The AE marshes ranged in age from 1 yr to 17 yr. Total infaunal density, density of dominant taxa, and community trophic structure (proportions of subsurface-deposit feeders, surface-deposit and suspension feeders, and carnivores) were compared between the two types of marsh to assess infaunal community development in AE marshes. Overall, the two marsh types had similar component organisms and proportions of trophic groups, but total density and densities within trophic groupings were lower in the AE marshes. Soil organic matter content of the natural marshes was nearly twice that of the AE marshes, and is a possible cause for the higher infaunal densities observed in the natural marshes, Using the same three criteria, comparisons of the natural and AE marshes at each of the six locations revealed varying degrees of similarity. Similarity of each AE marsh to its natural marsh control appeared to be influenced by differences in environmental factors between locations more than by AE marsh age. Functional infaunal habitat convergence of an AE marsh with a natural marsh somewhere within its biogeographical region is probable, but success in duplicating the infaunal community of a particular natural marsh is contingent upon the developmental age of the natural marsh and the presence and interaction, of site-specific factors.     

Amenity migration to the global south: Implications for community development

Despite a growing trend of migration to countries in the global South fueled by their natural amenities (i.e., natural amenity migration), research on this topic has predominantly been conducted in the global North. This is problematic given the notable socioeconomic, attitudinal, and behavioral differences between amenity migrants (often urbanites from developed countries) and local people (often rural residents of developing countries). Grounded in community field theory, this study begins to fill this gap in the literature by increasing our understanding of the ways in which local residents and amenity migrants interact in the amenity-rich community of Nuevo Arenal, Costa Rica. We found that linguistic, cultural, and spatial barriers (real and perceived) created a social climate in which the interaction between local residents and amenity migrants was primarily based on mundane interactions and did not lead to social integration. This proved to be a hindrance to the creation of the community field, which led to a lack of joint planning and participation in activities and projects that sought to improve the overall living conditions in the community. Explanations of these findings and the implications of such a divide are offered.     

The concept of self-reliance in community development initiatives in the Cameroon grassfields

The Grassfields of Cameroon is a fertile ground for self-help efforts. This paper examines the resurgence and role Village Development Associations (VDAs) are playing in national and community development. Community members are increasingly shouldering the adverse consequences of the economic downturn and the growing inability of the state to provide economic and social development by initiating, mobilising and galvanising their own resources in the quest for improving their standard of living. The reliance on indigenous technology and local human resources has led to overwhelming popular participation in community- driven development. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Options in revitalizing village communities and rural community development strategies in the Republic of Cameroon

Organised village or farm communities in the Republic of Cameroon are excellent experimental grounds where adapted rural development strategies are succeeding. Success in such undertakings has been brought about by the fact that planners and policy makers are now taking time to discuss and plan wi3h the populations for whom the projects are meant. This method avoids performing in isolation, and overrides the diffusion of uncoordinated and fragmented ideas.     

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