三维电极法预处理山梨酸废水

用三维电极法对山梨酸废水进行了降解实验,并考察电极材料、反应器电压、电解时间、进水pH值等因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,以不锈钢作阳极,石墨作阴极,柱状活性炭作填料,在槽电压为20 V、主电极极间距为11 cm的条件下,pH值为 4.0±0.2的山梨酸废水在电解20～30 min后,COD去除率达48%以上,而且废水的BOD/COD提高到0.40。     

装涂油漆废水的处理工艺研究

在对微电解、H₂O₂氧化机理研究的基础上,对装涂油漆废水提出利用微电解-化学氧化法处理的方案,通过实验确定出最佳的微电解反应条件及氧化条件。实验结果表明,该方法可使原水的ρ(COD_cr)从4 000 mg/L降至100 mg/L,废水的COD_cr去除率>95%,出水达到排放标准。本研究对微电解方案存在的问题进行了分析,并提出部分解决措施。     

电-Fenton法处理苯酚废水影响因素的研究

采用电-Fenton法对含苯酚废水进行处理,以石墨为阴极、铁为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气,电解过程产生的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe^2＋形成Fenton试剂,Fenton试剂在电解过程中产生大量活性羟基自由基,能够很好地氧化降解废水中的苯酚。实验结果表明：影响苯酚去除率的因素主次顺序为pH值、电解质浓度、电解电压、电解时间、进水苯酚浓度。单因素分析得出电-Fenton法处理苯酚模拟废水的最优反应条件：pH值控制在2左右,反应时间为60min,电解电压选10V,Na2SO4的浓度为30g／L,进水苯酚浓度为150mg／L。在最优条件下苯酚的去除率为82％。     

用微痕量金属分析仪(AS-01型)同时测定痕量锌、镉、铅、铜

本文对悬汞电极微分脉冲极谱溶出法的各种条件及对痕量锌、镉、铅、铜的同时测定进行了研究。在设定的电镀电压和时间里,把金属离子电解并富集在工作电极悬汞电极上,当电势消除时,通过示差脉冲测出流经电极的氧化电流,每种金属的氧化电流表现为峰值电流,即波峰高度作为测定金属离子浓度的根据。方法快速灵敏,再现性良好。     

电凝聚法处理含苯并三唑废水的条件优化实验

应用电凝聚法处理含苯并三唑废水显示出良好的实用前景, 对其影响因素进行探讨可以为制定实际废水处理方案提供依据.采用室内实验方式, 利用人工配制的模拟废水, 通过改变某个影响因素的实验条件获取系列实验数据.结果发现, 电流密度、极板间距、电解时间、原水的酸碱度(pH值)、原水初始COD、极板数与池容比、絮凝反应时间以及废水组分等均对处理效果产生影响.在实验结果基础上优化了各影响因素的实验条件, 并通过实际废水实验验证了优化条件的可行性和电凝聚法处理含苯并三唑废水的实用性.      

高岭土吸附剂去除含锰废水中锰离子的实验研究

高岭土吸附剂处理含锰废水中锰离子的实验表明:高岭土的最佳粒度为0.177 mm,pH值控制在7.5～ 8.5间,常温搅拌30 min,吸附剂与水量比为12 g∶1 L,对锰离子质量浓度为100 mg/L的废水的处理效果最好,使锰离子质量浓度由100 mg/L降至0.1 mg/L,锰离子的去除率超过90%,达到GB8978-1996工业废水排放的一级标准.高岭土对锰离子吸附的等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich模型,其吸附机理主要是吸附作用和沉淀作用.     

活性污泥法处理中浓度味精废水的研究

采用活性污泥法处理人工味精废水。实验前污泥进行驯化培菌 ,在驯化所得污泥指标适宜情况下 ,再对废水处理。结果表明 ,在曝气时间 12h ,搅拌时间 15min ,温度 2 5℃ ,pH值为 7.0 ,污泥体积为 80 % ,污泥指数为 42 %的工艺条件下 ,此方法对生化处理浓度为 2 0 0 0～ 40 0 0mg·L- 1 的味精废水的主要污染指标CODCr和氨氮都具有较好的降解能力 ,能达到排放标准的要求     

一种重金属废水处理剂处理工业含铅废水的研究

用滚动成型的方法将改性天然磷灰石粉末制备成颗粒状水处理剂,并对工业含铅废水进行了静态和动态处理研究.静态实验中该水处理剂去除铅离子的能力可达到661.10 mg/g;动态实验结果表明该水处理剂每1 kg可以处理Pb2 浓度为58.3 mg/L的废水3 m3,出水达到排放标准.对使用过的水处理剂进行高温固化或者添加到粘土中制砖,可避免二次污染.经济分析显示该水处理剂具有很好的应用潜力和开发价值.     

SBR法处理人工配制味精废水的实验研究

采用内径为140 mm,高为250 mm的圆柱形SBR反应器进行试验,探讨SBR工艺对人工模拟配制味精废水的处理效果。通过实验分析了不同曝气时间、温度、进水浓度及污泥浓度与SBR处理效果之间的关系,确定了SBR法处理中浓度味精废水的最佳运行参数。实验结果表明,废水浓度在2 000~4 000 mg/L,温度为25℃时连续曝气6 h,污泥浓度在4 000~7 000 mg/L的条件下对人工味精废水中的COD具有较好的降解能力,COD cr的去除率可达80%。     

凹凸棒石吸附铅的性能及含铅废水处理研究

采用经活化处理的凹凸棒石粘土,用静态法研究了凹凸棒石粘土吸附铅的吸附酸度、吸附速率、吸附温度和吸附反应热焓以及吸附容量等性能。通过大量实验确定了凹凸棒石粘土吸附铅的最佳条件,并用静态法和交换柱法处理了不同浓度的模拟含铅废水。结果表明,两种不同方法处理效果基本一致,铅的去除率在99%以上,排放液中铅的残余浓度均小于1 mg/L,达到了国家排放标准。选用凹凸棒石粘土对铅、铬、镉等重金属离子的吸附选择性实验,以期为环境污染的控制和治理,提供实验依据。     

Modeling and optimizing of electrocoagulation process in treating phenolic wastewater by response surface methodology: precise evaluation of significant variables

The present work reports treatment of synthetic phenolic wastewater by electrocoagulation process. Aluminum flat sheets were utilized as electrodes. Central composite design combined with response surface methodology has been applied for optimizing the process parameters. The interaction effects of phenol concentration, electrode distance, pH, voltage, and electrolysis time (ET) were analyzed and correlated to assess the efficiency of phenol removal as process response. The ANOVA outcomes declared that the initial phenol concentration (relevant coefficient = ?3.44) and ET (relevant coefficient = 1.42), respectively, are the most and the least effective parameters on the efficiency of phenol removal. Furthermore, optimal factors were obtained as follows: influent phenol concentration = 14.23 mg/L, electrode distance = 2.20 cm, pH = 6.37, voltage = 16.46 V, and electrolysis time = 44.66 min, in which the percentage of phenol removal at this condition was about 90.6%.     

Systematic assessment of electrocoagulation for the treatment of marble processing wastewater

In this study, the treatability of marble processing wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminum and iron electrodes was investigated. The sample used was from the marble-processing plant in Sivas and its turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids concentrations were about 1,914?NTU, 2,904, 150 and 4,750?mg/L, respectively. The effects of various operating parameters such as initial pH, current density and electrolysis time on turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids removal efficiencies were investigated. The settling characteristics of waste sludge produced and energy and electrode consumption were also determined. The optimum values of initial pH, current density and electrolysis time in electrocoagulation studies carried out using aluminum electrode were found to be 7.8, 30?A/m² and 5?min, respectively. Under these conditions, the removal efficiencies obtained for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were 98.5, 99.2, 55.2 and 92.4?%, respectively. Corresponding energy and electrode consumptions were 0.143?kWh/kg SS and 0.010?kg Al/kg SS. For iron electrode, the optimum parameter values were found to be 7.8 pH, 20?A/m² and 5?min, respectively. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were determined as 94.3, 99.1, 54.2, and 96.1?%, respectively. Energy and electrode consumptions were 0.0571?kWh/kg SS and 0.0206?kg Fe/kg SS, respectively. Settling characteristics of sludge produced during experiments carried out using both aluminum and iron electrodes were fairly good. The results showed that electrocoagulation method can be used efficiently for the treatment of marble processing wastewater under proper operating conditions.     

电解脱氮除磷技术在海产养殖废水治理中的研究

海产养殖迅速发展造成水域富营养化、赤潮频发,海产养殖废水污染的治理迫在眉睫。为解决此问题将电解脱氮除磷技术应用在海产养殖废水处理中,并探讨电压、pH、极板间距和电解时间对脱氮除磷去除率的影响。结果表明:脱氮除磷的去除率与电压成正相关,与极板间距成负相关。在电压为30V,极板间距10cm,pH为7时,NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和TP的去除率达到最大分别为72%、90%、85%。     

不同条件下Cu Pd TiO2多金属纳米电极去除地下水中硝酸盐氮的影响

以Pt为阳极,以Ti纳米管为基底修饰一薄层Pd和Cu构成的多金属纳米电极为阴极,搭建电化学反应器进行去除硝酸盐氮(NO3- N)研究,观察了在不同电流密度、初始浓度和pH值条件下该多金属纳米电极对NO3- N去除率的影响。结果表明,在电流密度为30 mA/cm2,添加050 g/L的 Na2SO4作为支持电解质的条件下,电解90 min后Cu Pd TiO2多金属纳米电极对硝酸盐的去除率可达81%,而相同条件下金属Ti做阴极时对硝酸盐的去除率仅为245%。溶液pH值的改变对 NO3- N的去除效果几乎没有影响;随着电流密度的增高,NO3- N的去除效率也随之提高;而随着溶液初始浓度的升高,NO3- N的去除率反而略有下降。     

Influence of operating parameters on treatment of egg processing effluent by electrocoagulation process

The treatment of egg processing effluent was investigated in a batch electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum as sacrificial electrodes. The influence of operating parameters such as electrode distance, stirring speed, electrolyte concentration, pH, current density and electrolysis time on percentage turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removal were analyzed. From the experimental results, 3-cm electrode distance, 150 rpm, 1.5 g/l sodium chloride, pH of 6, 20 mA/cm² current density, and 30-min electrolysis time were found to be optimum for maximum removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand. The removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand under the optimum condition was found to be 96, 89 and 84 %, respectively. The energy consumption was varied from 7.91 to 27.16 kWh/m³, and operating cost was varied from 1.36 to 4.25 US $/m³ depending on the operating conditions. Response surface methodology has been employed to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four independent parameters such as electrolyte concentration (0.5–2.5 g/l), initial pH (4–8), current density (10–30 mA/cm²) and electrolysis time (10–50 min) on turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removal. The results have been analyzed using Pareto analysis of variance to predict the responses. Based on the analysis, second-order polynomial mathematical models were developed and found to be good fit with the experimental data.     

Advanced oxidation of catechol in reverse osmosis concentrate generated in leather wastewater by Cu–graphite electrode

Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate generated from tannery was treated by advanced electrochemical oxidation using graphite electrodes. Catechol was selected as model organic pollutant in the RO concentrate. The influence of applied current density, catechol concentration, pH, temperature and inner electrode space of electrodes was investigated in electrochemical oxidation system. The optimized conditions were found to be current density (j), 100 mA/cm²; electrolysis time (t _eco), 60 min; pH, 7.0; and temperature, 25 °C at an inner electrode space, 2 cm. The average mass transport coefficient for the removal of catechol as COD was found to be 3.0 × 10^?5 m/s at optimum conditions. Faradic efficiency and specific energy consumption were also calculated for the applied current density. Further, the treatment of catechol was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Theoretical evaluation of current density suggested that the removal of catechol was controlled when supplied at above limiting applied current densities and mass transport controlled at lower of limiting current densities.     

Simultaneous application of iron and aluminum anodes for nitrate removal: a comprehensive parametric study

Exposure to high concentration of nitrate through drinking water poses a threat to human health and environment. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an alternative water treatment process that involves electrogeneration of coagulant agents. In the present study, EC was exerted for the nitrate removal in a batch reactor using aluminum and iron anodes simultaneously. The effects of the main parameters including electrical current, initial pH, NaCl dosage, initial nitrate concentration and presence of turbidity on NO₃ ^? removal were investigated. NO₂ ^? as a by-product was monitored during electrolysis, and nitrate–nitrite index was calculated. The results indicated that optimum condition was pH of 5, 300 mA electrical current, 100 mg/L NaCl and electrolysis time of 40 min, under which removal efficiency was 81.5 %. Nitrite anion was generated during electrolysis of nitrate solution which increases nitrate–nitrite index at the first reaction time, and it was eliminated after 20-min electrolysis time. Reaction kinetic of nitrate removal in the absence and presence of turbidity was first-order and zero-order, respectively.     

野外电位溶出法测铜新探索

溶液中加入氧化剂（高锰酸钾）,氧化电极表面的金属铜形成铜离子进入溶液中,金属氧化溶出时间与溶液中的金属离子的浓度成正比,峰值与溶出时间成正比,因此峰高与溶液中金属离子浓度成正比,以此测定溶液中铜离子的浓度。     

电化学循环井驱动模拟含水层化学氧化降解三氯乙烯

传统原位化学氧化地下水修复技术存在氧化剂迁移距离短和利用率低等问题。本研究在双井循环模式促进传质的基础上,通过注水井中的地下水电解原位提供O₂和H₂,配合乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)络合溶解出含水层Fe(Ⅱ),活化O₂产生羟基自由基(•OH),实现地下水三氯乙烯(TCE)的氧化降解。在填充了砂土和黏土互层的二维砂槽中,设置电流为0.2 A、流速为72 cm/d、初始TCE浓度为3 mg/L,经过9 d的连续通电处理后,TCE浓度降低到1 mg/L,降解率达到67%。通电前投加0.5 mmol/L EDTA,经过1 d水流循环后含水层中溶解态Fe(Ⅱ)浓度从02 mg/L增加到414 mg/L,黏土区域较高。通电过程中,循环井促进O₂、Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA和TCE的有效接触与反应,使TCE氧化降解。通电初期,黏土区域Fe(Ⅱ)氧化速率、TCE降解速率较周围慢,后期差异逐渐减小。未通电时加入醋酸钠可促进Fe(Ⅲ)还原,使含水层中铁循环利用。该修复过程通过循环井提升了氧化剂迁移距离,使用源于含水层的Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA和稳定性较好的O₂提高了氧化剂利用率,有望应用于有机污染地下水修复。