夏玉米农田气温变化特征及预报模型构建

根据2016年6—9月夏玉米生长季的气候资料和齐河国家气象观测站的同期观测资料,分析不同天空状况下农田的气温变化特征,利用相关和多元线性回归方法,研究农田最低、最高气温与观测站各要素的关系并建立高低温预报方程。结果表明:(1)农田温度有明显日变化,晴天最为明显,阴天最为平缓,05:00—06:00(北京时,下同)气温最低,15:00气温最高,农田与观测站温差绝对值晴天最大,14:00—15:00差值绝对值最大达2.1℃;(2)农田气温与各预报要素的相关程度受天空状况影响,主要影响因子为观测站当天和前一天最低、最高及平均气温等,农田最低气温与观测站当天最低气温相关系数为0.956~0.994,农田最高气温与观测站当天最高气温相关系数为0.825~0.981;(3)构建的预报方程通过了显著性检验,最低、最高气温预报方程的拟合程度均较高,夏玉米拔节后期—成熟期阴天时最低气温预报效果最好,平均相对误差为0.4%,平均绝对误差和均方根误差均为0.1℃。     

荔枝越冬期间冠层气温与大气温度关系的初步分析

基于野外实测数据,按晴天、阴天、雨天、多云到晴等天气类型,分析2007/2008年、2008/2009年冬季荔枝果园大气温度、冠层气温与观测站大气温度的变化关系,结果表明:晴天荔枝冠层温度昼夜变化最为剧烈,多云到晴天气次之,阴天和雨天冠层大气温度变化相对平缓;果园和观测站大气温度昼夜变化同样与天气类型有关.按天气类型分别建立的观测站与荔枝冠层之间的夜间、白天和全天大气温度线性、曲线回归关系模型表明:阴天和雨天模型效果好于多云到晴、晴天天气,夜间模型好于全天和白天.这一结果对应用观测站大气温度开展荔枝寒害冻害监测有参考作用.     

连云港地区草温、地温和气温变化特征分析

利用连云港赣榆区气象观测站2014年逐时的草面温度、0 cm地面温度和气温观测数据,分析讨论了该地区三要素的月平均值、月极端最高、最低值特征以及草面温度与0 cm地面温度、气温在不同气象条件下三者之间的相互关系。结果表明:从全年变化来看,逐月平均值0 cm地温草温气温;逐月极端最高值0 cm地温草温气温;逐月极端最低值草温0 cm地温气温。在晴天和阴天多云状况下草温与0 cm地温、气温呈明显的正相关,阴天较晴天变化幅度小;阴雨天气时白天草温与气温明显下降,而0 cm地面温度降幅平缓且温度较高;有降雪时0 cm地面温度高于草温和气温,且变化较为平缓。用草温比用0 cm地温和气温能更好地判定霜的出现。     

桂南地区春季三连栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析

通过对桂南地区春季三连栋塑料大棚内外的光、温、湿特征进行观测分析,结果表明:棚内透光率很低,仅为40%～48%,多云天气相对最高,阴天最低,棚内透光率低对降低地温影响明显,使晴天及多云天气在温度较高的10～16时前后地温出现"温度逆转"现象,最大降幅超过7℃,但对气温影响不明显;棚内日平均气温增温0.9～2.1℃,晴天最大,阴天最小;棚内各土层平均增温值随土深而增大,20cm处增温最大,达3.0～4.4℃,但晴天与多云天气棚内地表0cm出现负增温,晴天高达2.4℃,多云天为0.2℃,10～16时最大降幅达6～12℃;多云天与阴天日平均相对湿度棚内均高于棚外4%～6%,晴天无差异,但增湿效果在各时次分布极不均匀.文章还通过数理分析,建立了棚内外150cm光照与气温相关方程.     

基于公众天气预报预测塑料大棚逐日极端气温

利用浙江省慈溪市的公众天气预报和草莓大棚内极端气温的观测数据,构建一个以室外日最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、最大风级、白天和夜间天空状况作为输入变量,棚内日最高气温和日最低气温作为输出变量的BP神经网络预测模型。用以预测草莓大棚室内日最高气温和日最低气温。结果表明,该模型对大棚内日最高气温、日最低气温的训练值和实测值之间的均方根误差分别为4.0℃和1.3℃,绝对误差则分别为3.2℃和1.0℃;日最高气温和日最低气温的预测值和实测值之间的均方根误差分别为3.6℃和1.2℃,绝对误差为3.0℃和1.0℃。该模型数据获取方便,实用性强,模拟精度较高,可以较准确的预测未来温室内的极端气温,为温室管理和调控提供依据。     

贵州省24h气温主观预报分析

利用贵州省过去50 a一般观测站资料和过去20 a基本观测数据,统计分析了贵州省各个站点极端高温和极端低温的分布;并统计分析了不同区域不同季节的白天和晚上不同天气状况下的当日最高气温和最低气温之差以及当日最低气温和平均露点温度之差,结果表明:1在贵州地区白天夜晚均为晴天的高低温差四季都在10℃以上,白天为多云的状况下温差次之,白天为阴天和有降水的温差维持在3.0~7.5℃之间;2除了贵州西部春季晴和多云状况下最低温度和露点温差较高外,其余地区随季节和纬度的差异温差保持在0~3.9℃。     

一种逐时气温预报方法

利用2006~2010年陕西10地市逐小时的气温和逐日的最高气温、最低气温、平均总云量、降水量资料,通过线性回归方法建立了一种基于日最高气温和最低气温预报以及临近气温实况资料的逐时气温预报模型,并对2011年每天的逐时气温预报进行检验。结果表明:该方法在晴天、多云和阴雨天的预报能力依次减弱,其中晴天和多云天02~18时的预报效果好于19时至次日01时的,而阴雨天01~10时的预报效果好于其它预报时段的;当日最高气温和最低气温预报较为准确时,西安站各预报时刻的准确率均在60%以上,其中14~17时的准确率较高,晴天的达到100%,多云天的在96%~99%之间,阴雨天的准确率偏低一些,特别是11~17时较晴天和多云天偏低了12%~27%;该方法可以将24 h日最高(低)气温预报细化到逐时气温预报,同时考虑了气温日变化的地域差异、季节特征、以及在晴天、多云和阴雨天的不同表现,具有一定的业务应用和推广价值。     

渭南日光温室小气候特征分析及预测方法

为探求陕西渭南地区日光温室小气候变化特征及预测方法,切实提高为农服务水平,利用陕西渭南市华州区设施农业试验点日光温室2014—2016年冬季(11—3月)棚内外气象观测资料,采用对比分析及逐步回归方法,对冬季晴天、多云、阴天天气条件下温室内温、湿度日变化特征及最低气温预报模型进行分析研究。结果表明:各天气条件下日光温室内温、湿度日变化均呈单峰型变化,气温最低值均出现在日出前后,于午后13—14时达到最高值,相对湿度则相反;夜间温、湿变化相对稳定,湿度接近饱和状态;晴天时温、湿度变化幅度大于多云和阴天时。试验建立的日光温室内未来一天最低气温预报模型,通过检验,其误差值在2℃范围内的准确率达到80%以上,预报准确率可满足业务应用。     

基于2种算法的日光温室日均气温预测模型比较研究

为科学精准地为温室大棚生产提供气象服务,2020年11月—2021年5月分别在位于陕西省关中的泾阳县和陕北的延川县选择砖墙和土墙两种主要的生产棚型进行了大棚内外气温的对比观测试验,并采用BP神经网络和多元线性回归分析2种算法对不同棚型和晴空条件下的棚内气温进行了模拟预测研究。结果表明： 利用BP神经网络方法建立的预测模型较多元线性回归分析方法的模拟精度更高,BP神经网络方法对泾阳和延川梁家河试验示范园日光温室内气温预测模型拟合优度R2分别达075和077,均方误差分别为192 ℃和190 ℃;控制条件下,砖墙结构比土墙结构日光温室的气温预测精度更高;多云天气条件下模型的预测精度更高。     

贵阳不同天空状况下日最高气温研究

该文选取了2010—2015年贵州省贵阳站的逐日最高气温、总云量、降水量、湿度等资料,统计不同天空状况下的日最高气温的变化特点,并采用SPSS逐步回归筛选出影响最高气温的关键因子,建立回归模型。得出:①贵阳站阴雨天气出现频率要远多于晴和多云天气,尤其是冬春季,晴和多云天气多出现在夏秋季。在同一月份,晴好天气下和阴雨天气下,平均日最高气温有较大的差异,冬春季差异最大,平均最高相差15℃;②影响因子中前1 d日最高、最低气温及地面最高、最低温度与日最高气温的相关性较高,其中相关性最高的因子为前1 d日最高气温,相关性最高的季节为秋季;③在晴和多云天气下时,前1 d日最高气温对日最高气温的影响最大,而在阴天和雨天天气下时,则是前1 d日最低气温的影响最大。在不同的天空状况下,晴天天气下的拟合效果最好,估计误差值都在2℃以内,从季节上来看,夏季的拟合效果最好,平均估计误差值为1.6℃。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.