基于时序InSAR的山西大同煤田地表沉降监测及时空演化分析

【研究目的 】地表沉降作为煤矿区主要地质灾害之一,严重影响矿区经济的可持续发展和居民生活的安全稳定,有必要对矿区地表沉降进行快速高效监测。【研究方法 】以大同煤田为例,研究使用2020年1月至2021年12月共31景Sentinel-1影像,基于短基线集干涉测量技术（Small Baseline Subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR）对地表沉降进行监测,获取大同煤田地表沉降速率和累计沉降结果,使用已有研究成果对监测结果的可靠性进行验证,并分析了沉降时空变化特征及演化规律。【研究结果 】大同煤田地表沉降分布较广,沉降总体分布趋势与大同煤田矿业管理数据的走向基本一致。沉降主要分布在大同市南郊区西部以及大同市、怀仁市和山阴县交界处,其中塔山矿地表沉降最为严重,大同煤田最大沉降速率为168.03 mm/a,最大累计沉降量为329.12 mm,总沉降面积为270.95 km2,且沉降呈现持续增加的趋势,根据沉降趋势推断需要较长时间才能实现地表活动相对稳定。【结论 】研究表明了InSAR技术在煤矿区沉降监测的可行性,可为矿产资源管理工作提供新的技术方法,研究结果可为煤矿区沉降监测预警、灾...     

多层开采沉陷预计数值计算分析

为了科学合理地规避矿山开采中地质灾害发生,以贵州某矿山为例对矿山沉陷进行分析。以概率积分法为理论基础,利用Visual Studio2010开发程序编写沉陷预计程序,实现了对该矿山的地表沉陷的数值模拟。得出了矿区的6层采区开采后造成的沉陷范围和沉陷程度。为今后地下开采引起的损害分析提供更加直观科学的依据。     

多层开采沉陷预计数值计算分析

为了科学合理地规避矿山开采中地质灾害发生,以贵州某矿山为例对矿山沉陷进行分析。以概率积分法为理论基础,利用Visual Studio2010开发程序编写沉陷预计程序,实现了对该矿山的地表沉陷的数值模拟。得出了矿区的6层采区开采后造成的沉陷范围和沉陷程度。为今后地下开采引起的损害分析提供更加直观科学的依据。     

多层开采沉陷预计数值计算分析

为了科学合理地规避矿山开采中地质灾害发生,以贵州某矿山为例对矿山沉陷进行分析。以概率积分法为理论基础,利用Visual Studio2010开发程序编写沉陷预计程序,实现了对该矿山的地表沉陷的数值模拟。得出了矿区的6层采区开采后造成的沉陷范围和沉陷程度。为今后地下开采引起的损害分析提供更加直观科学的依据。     

基于弹性薄板理论的煤矿采空区地表沉陷预测

采煤沉陷已成为煤矿区危害范围最广、影响程度最大、延续时间最长的一种工程地质灾害,在对赵各庄煤矿矿山地质环境调查的基础上,分析采空沉陷区地质灾害发育及成因特征,基于弹性薄板理论的规划开采区域采空区地表沉陷预计,可初步预计采空区地表沉陷特征并对其引发地质灾害进行预测。     

多源遥感数据在地下采煤塌陷识别中的应用与分析

长期的地下采煤会造成地表沉降,严重影响矿区生态环境和人民生命财产安全,采取可行有效的方法对矿区采空塌陷进行监测与分析,是实施地质灾害精准防护的首要前提,具有重要现实意义。为此,本文利用Sentinel-1 SAR雷达影像和高分辨率光学遥感影像,分别采用小基线(SBAS)InSAR技术和人机交互遥感识别方法对纳雍县鬃岭地质灾害群地下采煤塌陷范围进行了监测识别,对比分析了各自技术特点。结果表明:①基于小基线InSAR雷达监测技术能很好反映监测期内地表形变信息,对因地下开采引发的地表形变较大或微小形变均能有效识别,但对早期煤矿开采造成而目前趋于稳定的采空塌陷识别能力不足;②高分辨率光学遥感人机交互解译对于目前采空塌陷形变已趋于稳定或历史上形成的采空塌陷区损毁土地情况有很好的识别;③综合InSAR 监测技术和高分辨率光学影像遥感识别方法,能较全面获取采空塌陷范围及损毁情况,可为矿山地质环境治理、地质灾害防护提供参考依据。     

蔚县矿区地面沉陷InSAR多维形变监测

河北蔚县是我国华北地区最大的地下采煤区之一,该地区长期存在采矿塌陷灾害,不仅威胁采矿安全,而且严重破坏当地生态环境。本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）这一新型空间对地观测技术,采用61景Sentinel-1A/B干涉宽幅（Interferometric Wide swath,IW）模式数据进行矿区形变观测,获取整个矿区在2017—2018年间的地表形变空间分布特征,并对矿区地表的沉降量级及面积进行详细的统计分析。此外,采用融合多轨道SAR数据的多维形变时序估计方法,对西细庄矿数据进行东西向和垂向的二维形变分解,获取该矿的二维形变时间序列。结果表明:除南留庄井田外,其余三大井田在监测期间均存在不同程度的地面沉陷灾害;整个矿区年沉陷速率超过-10 cm/a的区域达到了2.16 km2;受成像几何影响,不同轨道数据获取的形变结果存在一定差异;西细庄矿以垂向形变为主,伴随明显的东西向水平形变。研究结果为蔚县矿区地面沉陷监测与煤矿安全开采提供数据参考。      

基于FLAC3D和DEM数据的缓倾斜煤层开采沉陷分析

宁夏石嘴山矿区位于西部黄河流域,其煤矿采空区沉陷导致地表生态和环境问题频发,对其采煤沉陷分析将对西部黄河流域煤矿区的环境修复有一定的积极作用。为研究缓倾斜煤层采空区围岩应力与位移场演化特征,以宁夏石嘴山矿区为对象,基于FLAC3D数值模拟软件,建立缓斜煤层开采三维数值模型,计算分析采空区围岩应力、塑性区及位移变化规律,并基于两时相DEM叠加统计分析地表位移变化,与数值模拟结果进行相互验证。结果表明:地下开采引起应力重分布,采空区顶板及煤柱出现明显的应力集中现象,最大主应力呈现从煤层顶板向地表递减的变化趋势;越靠近采空区顶部的岩层垂直位移越大,随着远离采空区逐渐减少,开采完成后地表垂直位移最大值约12 m;随着采空区面积的不断增大,采空区四周及角隅处塑性区逐步延伸扩大,且以剪切破坏为主;地面沉陷盆地不对称,2个沉降中心均发生在沉陷盆地中部且偏下山方向,下山方向比上山方向影响范围更大;数值模拟计算的沉降量与两时相DEM叠加统计分析的变化量结果及趋势基本一致,研究成果可为煤炭安全开采提供参考依据,为地表沉降监测提供新方法。      

陡倾矿体充填法开采引起地表移动的实例分析

监测表明,长期采用充填法开采的大型金属矿山也会发生显著的地表变形破坏现象。为了掌握金川镍矿地下开采引起的地表移动、变形和破坏规律,借助GPS技术作为地表移动的监测手段,建立了覆盖矿区地表的GPS监测网。持续的监测数据表明,金川矿区地表最大沉降量已达2400mm左右,以现场调查与地表长期监测数据为依据,给出了地表移动的范围与特征,分析了与岩体移动、变形和破坏现象发生相关的条件和规律,并提出了一些具有预测性的观点,为工程地质-岩石力学条件大致相同矿山的工程技术人员和研究人员提供了一个有借鉴意义的实例。     

采煤沉陷区地质环境现状及生态环境修复措施探析——以安龙县普坪采煤沉陷区综合治理为例

煤炭开采引起的地表沉陷造成的地质灾害、经济损失和社会问题日趋严重,对采煤沉陷区进行生态环境修复治理尤为迫切。本文以贵州安龙县普坪采煤沉陷区为研究区域,基于该采煤沉陷区矿山地质环境调查成果,针对存在的地质环境问题提出生态环境修复措施。结果认为：安龙县普坪采煤沉陷区地质环境问题主要为矿山地质灾害、地下水资源破坏和土地资源损毁。生态环境修复治理中应有针对性地采取搬迁工程措施、工业场地及废弃建筑物拆除措施、矿区残余房屋拆除措施、煤矸石堆修复工程措施、土地整治的工程措施及复绿工程措施。通过实施生态修复措施将有效改善矿区生态环境,减少和控制地质灾害发生,实现良好的环境、经济及社会效益。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861