华南地区大气气溶胶质量谱与水溶性成分谱分布的初步研究

为了提供讨论华南地区酸性降水形成机制的背景资料，１９８８年１月与８－９月，在广州、柳州、韶关、南宁、阳朔、龙门使用Ａｎｄｅｒｓｅｎ气溶胶分级采样器采集了分级气溶胶样品，并对水溶性的Ｆ＾－、Ｃｌ＾－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾－－、Ｎａ＾＋、ＮＨ４＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｃａ＾＋＋、Ｍｇ＾＋＋进行了分析。结果表明，在工业城市中粗粒态粒子显著多于清洁地区。工业城市气溶胶水溶性成分中的ＳＯ４＾－－、Ｃａ＾＋＋显著高于清     

大气环流的变化与南海夏季风活动的关系

通过对近20年观测资料的计算分析表明，在南海夏季风活跃与中断期，南北半球副热带西风急流和热带东风急流以及青藏高压和墨西哥高压有明显的差异。从南半球向北传播的散度场低频振荡以及从北半球高纬向南传播的西风场低频振荡等的有利位相同时传入南海并共同作用可引起南海夏季风的活跃或中断。各种低频振荡的有利位相传播到南海并发生锁相的时间决定着南海夏季风明显的活跃或中断发生的时间。     

南海北部大气气溶胶水溶性成分谱分布特征

通过对南海腹地岛屿测站和南海北岸测站气溶胶样品中水溶性成分的分析，以及与华南大陆清洁测点和城市测点的对比，结果表明:海岛测点气溶胶总质量与诸离子浓度均大大低于海岸与大陆测点。其分布以三峰型出现的比较多，海岛与海岸气溶胶中水溶性成分以SO2-4，Cl-与Ca2+，Na+为含量比重最大的离子成分；与华南大陆测点相比，Cl-，Na+比重显著增加而NH+4的含量比重有所下降。     

北半球50hPa大气低频振荡与突发性增温

本文利用５０ｈＰａ１９６９－１９７６年７个冬季的高度场资料进行了功率谱分析。分析发现３０－６０天低频振荡在高纬地区比中低纬更为显著；并且发现在阿留申高压北进的路径以及在极点上平流层突发性增浊的强年比弱年的相关要高，这表明３０－６０天的振荡在上述地区与温度有着密切联系。我们选取１９７０－１９７１年冬季强突发性增温个例，进一步分析了平流层突发性增温过程中的基本特征，结果表明：３０－６０天的振荡对平流层     

关于大气环流遥相关与低频振荡的研究进展与问题

遥相关与低频振荡是大气环流研究中两个重要的问题。本文主要集中阐述近年来关于大气环流遥相关与30—50天振荡的观测事实及其物理机制的研究进展,同时也指出了有待于进一步研究的问题。     

南海夏季风爆发与海温和大气对流的低频变化

根据云顶黑体温度（ＴＢＢ）相位变化并参考西沙站海面温度（ＳＳＴ）状况确定了南海夏季风爆发时间,分析研究了与夏季风爆发时间和强度有关的ＴＢＢ和ＳＳＴ变化过程,结果表明：南海夏季风爆发平均时间是５月第４候,爆发的时间和强度有显著的年际变化,爆发期间的海气状况与大气的低频振荡密切相关。夏季风爆发早年（５月第２候）,大气对流活动较强,西南风较强,海温下降我年（６月第１候）情况则相反;它爆发的强度还与爆发期     

地形对大气低频振荡影响的数值研究

使用五层全球谱模式研究地形对月、季尺度低频振荡的影响。该模式为三角形截断，截断波数为１０，并含有较为完善的物理过程参数化，对分别用有地形和无地形模式来模拟的低通滤波资料进行了分析和比较。结果表明，地形强迫产生的月、季尺度低频波列有明显的季节特征。北半球夏季由地形影响产生的热带热源是南北半球低频波列的源。模拟结果进一步指出北半球地形强迫产生的波列扰动可以引起赤道纬向流的异常，这种纬向流的瞬变强迫可以     

1982年夏半年30—50天大气低频振荡与东亚大气环流变化的关系

分析了1982年5～9月中高纬度地区对流层中上层30～50天厚度低频振荡与东亚大气环流变化的关系。发现鄂霍茨克海以北大陆上空是30～50天厚度低频振荡的活跃区和显著区,这种厚度低频振荡与东亚大气环流指数循环和大气环流系统有密切的联系。指出中高纬度大气存在30～50天低频振荡,而且在大气环流的变化中占有重要地位。     

广州气溶胶质量谱与水溶性成分谱的年变化特征

广州气溶胶质量谱与水溶性成分谱的年变化特征吴兑，陈位超（广州热带海洋气象研究所，广州，５１００８０）近年来，我们曾在粤、桂、琼三省华南广大地区采集并分析了大气气溶胶分级样品，从气溶胶参与雨水酸化过程，吸湿性气溶胶作为凝结核的作用，以及海岸地带吸湿性粒...     

南海暖池初步研究

观测事实表明,南海有暖池存在。本文主要采用南海２０ｍ层的水温分布资料,讨论了南海暖池的时空演变特征,并结合地转流和海洋环流数值模拟的结果探讨了暖池的形成机制。结果南海暖池有显著的季节张年际变化;暖池的发展除有太阳辐射有关外,还与海洋中涡旋活动及从印度洋输入的暖水有密切关系。     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Using 1975-1993 (with 1978 missing) data of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), characteristics of seasonal variation of low-frequency oscillations in the South China Sea and its relation to the establishment and activity of the summer monsoon there are studied. As is shown in the result, the low-frequency oscillation in the South China Sea is much stronger in the period of summer monsoon than in that of winter monsoon and the summer monsoon there usually begins to set up in a negative phase of the first significant low-frequency oscillation for the early summer. The study also reveals that the circulation for the low-frequency oscillation during the summer monsoon in the Sea is embodied as north-south fluctuations of the ITCZ and east-west shifts of western ridge point of the West Pacific subtropical high, suggesting close correlation between the low-frequency oscillation and the active and break (decay) of the South China Sea monsoon. In the meantime. the work illustrates how the low-frequency oscillation in the South China Sea are superimposed with the seasonal variation of the general circulation. so that the summer inonsoon covers the establishment of the I^st, intensification of the 2^nd and 3^rd the low-frequency oscillations and decay of the 4^th oscillation.     

THE STUDY ON EDDY TRANSPORT OF WATER VAPOR OVER SOUTH CHINA

Water vapor transport is decomposed into mean transport and eddy transport. Analysis of water vapor over South China during the first flood season of 1994 shows that difference between season mean transport and season total transport is less than 10%. For the monthly and ten-day averages, the difference is above it.The transient transport of water vapor is the least among all kinds of eddy transport. its amount is only ±2% of total transpoft for column. The constant wave transport is the Iapest Sometimes it may be 1-6 times of total transport.     

A STUDY ON THE PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA BEFORE AND AFTER THE MONSOON ONSET

This paper presents a study on the temporal and spatial variations of the precipitation over the area of the South China Sea (SCS) during the monsoon onset period. The data used are from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations between April and June over the nine years from 1998 to 2006. This study focuses on the central and northern part of South China Sea (110-120°E, 10-20°N). Based on the observations, the 27th pentad is selected as the occurrence time of the SCS monsoon onset. The conclusions are as follows. (1) After the monsoon onset, the specific area, defined as the ratio of the number of pixels with certain type of precipitation to the number of total pixels, extends significantly for both convective and stratiform rain, with the latter having a larger magnitude. The specific rainfall, defined as the ratio of the amount of certain type of precipitation to the total amount of precipitation, decreases for convective rain and increases for stratiform rain. (2) Results also show significant increase in heavy rain and decrease in light rain after the monsoon onset. (3) Changes are also observed in the rainfall horizontal distributions over the SCS before and after the monsoon onset, manifested by the relocation of precipitation minima for both convective and stratiform rain. (4) After the monsoon onset, the variability in characteristics of precipitation vertical structure increases significantly, leading to more latent heat release and consequently deeper convection. Meanwhile, the bright-band altitude of stratiform precipitation is also elevated.     

南海夏季风的低频特征

利用１９７５－１９９３年（其中１９７８年缺）的向外长波辐射（ＯＬＲ）资料,分析了南海低频振荡的季节变化特征及其与南海夏季建立和活动的关系。结果表明：南海低频振荡在夏季期间比冬季风期间明显较强,南海夏季风一般在初夏第一个较强低频荡的负值位相开始建立;南海夏季风期间低频振荡的环流实体是ＩＴＣＺ的南北振荡和西太平洋高压西脊点的东西摆动,低频振荡与现海季风的活跃和中断（或减弱）密度相关;南海低频振荡与大气     

南海北部海域气溶胶光学厚度研究

气溶胶光学厚度是大气校正所需要的重要参数.利用2006年9月7~30日中科院南海海洋研究所公开航次的多波段太阳光度计资料,得到了南海北部海域的气溶胶光学厚度.分析结果表明,南海北部海域气溶胶光学厚度在一天内的变化非常明显,最小值可达0.1(870 nm),最大值为0.9(440 nm),而日平均气溶胶光学厚度在0.2~0.6之间.结合同步观测气象数据,发现从陆地方向吹来的风,当风速达4 m/s,对气溶胶的光学厚度有非常明显的影响,而从大洋方向吹来的风,对气溶胶的光学厚度影响不明显.     

2004年南海夏季风活动概述

利用NCEP逐日再分析资料、向外长波辐射（OLR）和卫星降水资料,分析了2004年影响南海夏季风活动的一些特征。结果表明,2004年由于西太平洋副热带高压主体位置比正常偏北、偏西,导致南海夏季风爆发日期比正常偏晚（5月19日）、强度偏大,并主要在南海地区活动。南海季风爆发期间存在明显的季节内振荡,有两个显著振荡周期：一个峰值为20-30天,另一个峰值为40～50天。南海夏季风期间,主要的水汽通量输送集中在南海一西太平洋地区,向北到达华南的水汽输送减少,致使华南地区干旱。