我国海洋运输业集群的实证分析及政策建议

随着我国海洋运输业的发展,产业集群特征愈发显现.文章探讨了我国海洋运输业集群的特点,运用主成分分析法对我国海洋运输业的集群状况进行了实证分析,得到了我国海洋运输业集聚程度的排序,提出了发挥我国海洋运输业集群优势的政策建议.     

青黄公路交通调查及交通量预测

通过对1998年2月青黄公路的交通调查,分析了青黄公路的交通现状,根据青岛市的国民经济增长速度、交通运输发展及城市出入口资料,利用弹性系数法预测了2000年和2010年青黄公路的城市交通量。     

辽宁省渔业产业结构分析与发展建议

为促进辽宁省渔业尤其是海洋渔业的可持续发展,文章综合相关统计数据,运用产业结构三轴图和灰色关联度分析方法,系统分析辽宁省渔业产业结构及其主要产业的发展情况以及6个主要产业对海洋渔业的影响程度,并提出发展建议。研究结果表明:辽宁省渔业第一产业仍占主体地位,但第二和第三产业占比逐渐提高,产业结构三角形的重心呈左旋趋势;渔业第一产业有所优化,第二产业对渔业经济发展起到支柱作用,第三产业以水产品运输业为主;海水产品加工业和运输业对海洋渔业的影响程度最高;未来辽宁省应继续科学发展海水养殖业、远洋渔业、水产品加工业、水产品运输业、休闲渔业和“互联网+渔业”,不断优化渔业产业结构。     

启东滩涂养殖欣欣向荣

江苏省启东市坚持以市场为导向,以外向带动、科技拉动和深加工增值求发展,全面推进沿海滩涂养殖产业化进程。今年1月～5月,全市共投入资金1600多万元,投放各类苗种3500吨,实现海水养殖产量近7000吨,比去年同期增长15％。     

山东海洋运输业结构布局优化的意义及模式

着重论述海洋大省--山东省在发展海洋经济的同时,发展海洋运输业结构与布局优化的重要意义,提出了海洋运输业结构优化的模式.     

杭州湾海上汽车轮渡可行性分析

一、汽车海渡的现实意义“海渡”是一种新兴的海上运输业,也是海上运输经济新的运行机制中的一种探索。开发杭州湾汽车海渡,不仅对促进和适应宁波市及北仑港的对外开放,并对沟通上海经济区的联系,以及解决交通、能源等问题,将产生明显的经济效益;对分流和缓和杭州旅游区车流量,减轻钱塘江大桥的压力亦有     

长江口治导线规划设想

长江口除航运交通外,还具有防洪、围垦、供水、排污、农田排灌、国防建设等多功能的综合用途,在我国国民经济发展以及对外交往中,具有十分重要的作用。然而,长江口目前仍处于天然状况,缺乏必要的人工治理,因此,不能适应国民经济迅速发展以及对外交往的要求,以航运为例;河口拦门沙天然水深仅6.0m左右,目前通过疏浚达到7.0m左右的水深,2.5万吨海轮还需乘高潮才能通过,由于水深不足,极大地阻碍了我国海运事业的发展,增加了运输成     

中国远洋运输简史

远洋运输业的规模是一个国家政治，经济，外交的重要体现。中国远洋运输业60年走过的道路，真实反映了中国国力和经济不断壮大和发展的历程。     

充分发挥海洋优势,大力发展海上运输

海洋运输是人类利用海洋的一个重要内容,海洋运输在运输业中占有相当重要的地位。我省海域辽阔,海运业的开发利用历史悠久、贡献重大。现在我省在对外经济活动中实行“特殊政策、灵活措施”,搞活经济,因此,如何发展我省海洋运输业,以适应建立立足国内市场,面向国际市场的经济结构的要求,就成了我们研究的当务之急。下面就我省如何充分发挥海洋优势,大力发展海上运输,淡一些粗浅的意见。     

“六五”期间我国煤炭出口港的建设

一、前言我国发展国民经济第六个五年计划以能源、交通为重点。为了适应煤炭海运的需要,港口建设中煤泊位的建设占有重要位置。我国煤炭资源丰富,但地区之间分布很不均衡,北煤南运的需要促使“六五”期间的港口建设安排增加煤出口能力并迅速取得成效,使得煤出口港的建设更显得突出。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.