中国数字地震台网数字化地震资料使用指南

由于数字地震记录仪具有记录频带宽,分辨率高,动态范围大以及易于用计算机处理等优点,所以数字地震台网产出的数字地震资料成为地震活动性,震源机制,地球内部研究,地震监测及预报等的最基本数据源。     

Source parameters of the Gonghe,Qinghai Province,China,earthquake from inversion of digital broadband waveform data

ＳｏｕｒｃｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＧｏｎｇｈｅ，ＱｉｎｇｈａｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａ，ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｆｒｏｍｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｇｉｔａｌｂｒｏａｄｂａｎｄｗａｖｅｆｏｒｍｄａｔａＬＩ－ＳＨＥＮＧＸＵ（许立生）ａｎｄＹＵＮ...     

中国数字地震台网的数据在中国地震学研究中的应用

中国大陆邻近印度、欧亚和太平洋板块的边缘，其特点在于具有复杂的地壳构造和高地震活动性。中美合中国数字地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）运行１０年来，在中国地震学研究中发挥了有效的作用。ＣＤＳＮ作为ＩＲＩＳ全球地震台网的参与伙伴，为全球地震学研究作出了贡献。本文概述了ＣＤＳＮ数据在中国地震学研究中的应用。     

Spheroidal oscillations of the Earth stimulated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with CDSN data

The 0S2~0S54 spheroidal modes of Earth’s free oscillations, triggered by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 are retrieved from VHZ data recorded by seven upgraded stations of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). We compare these spheroidal modes with theoretical free oscillation spectra calculated from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) and find a coincidence between their periods. Spectral splitting phenomenon is observed obviously in 0S2, 0S3, 0S4, 2S1 and 1S2 free oscillation modes. What is most noticeable is that the oscillation mode 2S1 is reported for the second time (the first time by Rosat et al) without any data stacking. We simulated the split singlet of 0S2 mode on seven CDSN stations based on general focal mechanism and seismic moment of the earthquake. The result shows that seismic moment of the earthquake can reach 1023 N.m. We also find that the recording of Earth’s free oscillations carries abundant information of source mechanism and earthquake location, which is applicable to the detailed study of source rupture parameters.     

Inversion of near-field waveform data for earthquake source rupture process ( II ): Inversion of Chi Chi earthquake source, 20 September, 1999, Taiwan

The new inversion algorithm developed based on the recent progress in the nonlinear programming study by us is used to invert the earthquake source process of Chi Chi earthquake M _w7.6, 20 Semptember, 1999, Taiwan. A curve fault model is constructed in our inversion to make the fault model close to the real rupturing fault to reduce the influence from the discrepancy between the constructed fault model and the real rupturing fault. The results show that (1) the rupture process of the Chi Chi earthquake source lasted about 32 seconds and the main faulting occurred between 6th to 21st second after the start of the ruptures and the high slip area were mainly located at the northern segment of the fault. (2) The slip was dominated by thrust faulting. The average rake angle was 64.5°, which was very consistent with those inverted by USGS, Harvard and CWB (Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan). The amount of the moment inverted in this paper was 7.76×10²⁰ NM, which was a slightly bigger than those inverted by USGS and Harvard. (3) A clear nucleation step existed in the source faulting process and it lasted about 6 seconds. The moment release rate accelerated obviously at the end of the nucleation step. The faulting started from the southern segment and mainly occurred at the northern segment after 10 seconds. At the end of this paper, we analyzed the reliability of the inversion result via comparing with the GPS observations and discussed its scientific signification.     

Body waveform inversion for the source process of the February 3, 1996 Lijiang, Yunnan earthquake

The source process of February 3, 1996 Lijiang earthquake in Yunnan was studied by body waveform inversion using teleseismic data from IRIS. Two normal double-couple subevents with different strikes were obtained. The difference of the onset time between these two subevents, which are 15 km apart in space, is 7 s. The total seismic moment is 3.81 × 10¹⁸ Nm (M _w=6.3). The total fault area S is about 720 km² from the aftershock data and the average dislocation is about ū=0.18 m. Considering both the result of inversion and tectonic environment around the source, the first rupture might result from the extension along the NNW directed Zhongdian-Yongsheng fault belt where an earthquake of M=6.4 occurred in 1966. Then, the second started along the NE directed the eastern foot of Snow Mountain fault where rupture seemed to be able to propagate more easily.     

Inversion of near-field waveform data for earthquake source rupture process (Ⅱ): Inversion of Chi Chiearthquake source, 20 September, 1999, Taiwan

The new inversion algorithm developed based on the recent progress in the nonlinear programming study by us is used to invert the earthquake source process of Chi Chi earthquake Mw7.6, 20 Semptember,1999, Taiwan. A curve fault model is constructed in our inversion to make the fault model close to the real rupturing fault to reduce the influence from the discrepancy between the constructed fault model and the real rupturing fault. The results show that (1) the rupture process of the Chi Chi earthquake source lasted about 32 seconds and the main faulting occurred between 6th to 21st second after the start of the ruptures and the high slip area were mainly located at the northern segment of the fault. (2) The slip was dominated by thrust faulting. The average rake angle was 64.5°, which was very consistent with those inverted by USGS, Harvard and CWB (Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan). The amount of the moment inverted in this paper was 7.76×1020 NM, which was a slightly bigger than those inverted by USGS and Harvard. (3) A clear nucleation step existed in the source faulting process and it lasted about 6 seconds. The moment release rate accelerated obviously at the end of the nucleation step. The faulting started from the southern segment and mainly occurred at the northern segment after 10 seconds. At the end of this paper, we analyzed the reliability of the inversion result via comparing with the GPS observations and discussed its scientific signification.     

Source time functions of the Gonghe，China earthquake retrieved from long－period digital waveform data using empirical Green＇s function technique

ＳｏｕｒｃｅｔｉｍｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅＧｏｎｇｈｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅｄｆｒｏｍｌｏｎｇ－ｐｅｒｉｏｄｄｉｇｉｔａｌｗａｖｅｆｏｒｍｄａｔａｕｓｉｎｇｅｍｐｉｒｉｃａｌＧｒｅｅｎ＇ｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑ...     

Inversion of source process and related studies of the Taiwan Strait earthquake using genetic algorithm

ＩｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｒｏｃｅｓａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｅｄｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎＳｔｒａｉｔｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｕｓ－ｉｎｇｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍＨＡＩ－ＪＵＮＷＡＮＧ１）（王海军）ＢＡＮＧ－ＨＵＩＬＩＮ１）（林邦慧...     

Moment tensor inversion and source rupture process of the September 27, 2003 M_S=7.9 earthquake occurred in the border area of China, Russia and Mongolia

IntroductionOn September 27, 2003, an earthquake of MS=7.9 struck the border area of China, Russia and Mongolia. According to the field investigation from the Earthquake Administration of XinjiangAutonomous Region, the whole northern Tianshan region felt the hit. Buildings and structures within six counties and one city in Altay region, which is total about 0.11×106 km2 area, were damaged to different extent and caused certain economic losses. The epicenter determined by China National …     

Inversion of source process and related studies of the Taiwan Strait earthquake using genetic algorithm

Applying genetic algorithm to inversion of seismic moment tensor solution and using the data of P waveform from digital network and initial motion directions of P waves of Taiwan network stations, we studied the moment tensor solutions and focal parameters of the earthquake of M=7.3 on 16 September of 1994 in Taiwan Strait and other four quakes of M _L≥5.8 in the near region (21°–26°N, 115°–120°E). Among the five earthquakes, the quake of M=7.3 on September 16, 1994 in Taiwan Strait is the strongest one in the southeastern coast area since Nan’ao earthquake of M=7.3 in 1918. The results show that moment tensor solution of M=7.3 earthquake is mainly double-couple component, and is normal fault whose fault plane is near NW. The strike of the fault plane resembles that of the distributive bands of earthquakes before the main event and fracture pattern shown by aftershocks. The tension stress axis of focal mechanism is about horizontal, near in NE strike, the compressive stress axis is approximately vertical, near in NWW strike. It seems that this quake is controlled by the force of Philippine plate’s pressing Eurasian plate in NW direction. But from the viewpoint of P axis of near vertical and T axis of near horizontal, it is a normal fault of strong tensibility. There are relatively big difference between focal mechanism solution of this quake and those of the four other strong quakes. The complexity of source mechanism solution of these quakes represents the complexity of the process of the strait earthquake sequences. Contribution No. 98A01001, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China. The subject is supported and helped by Academician Yun-Tai CHEN, Profs. Qing-Yao HONG, Zhen-Xing YAO, Tian-Yu ZHENG, Yao-Lin SHI, Ji-An XU, Bo-Shou HUANG and colleague Mei-Jian AN, Xue-Reng DING, Rui-Feng LIU. De-Chong ZHANG and Ming Li provided the digital data warm-heartedly. Lin-Ying WANG offered us the catalogue of earthquakes in southeastern coastal area in China. Xi-Li WANG and Tong-Xia BAI provided us the issued annual reports data. The authors would like to express their gratitude to all of these people. This paper is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Scientific and Technological Commission of Shantou, Guangdong Province.     

Source process of the 1990 Gonghe,China, earthquake and tectonic stress field in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) plateau

TheM _s =6.9 Gonghe, China, earthquake of April 26, 1990 is the largest earthquake to have been documented historically as well as recorded instrumentally in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) plateau. The source process of this earthquake and the tectonic stress field in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang plateau are investigated using geodetic and seismic data. The leveling data are used to invert the focal mechanism, the shape of the slipped region and the slip distribution on the fault plane. It is obtained through inversion of the leveling data that this earthquake was caused by a mainly reverse dip-slipping buried fault with strike 102°, dip 46° to SSW, rake 86° and a seismic moment of 9,4×10¹⁸ Nm. The stress drop, strain and energy released for this earthquake are estimated to be 4.9 MPa, 7.4×10^–5 and 7.0×10¹⁴ J, respectively. The slip distributes in a region slightly deep from NWW to SEE, with two nuclei, i.e., knots with highly concentrated slip, located in a shallower depth in the NWW and a deeper depth in the SEE, respectively.Broadband body waves data recorded by the China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) for the Gonghe earthquake are used to retrieve the source process of the earthquakes. It is found through moment-tensor inversion that theM _s =6.9 main shock is a complex rupture process dominated by shear faulting with scalar seismic moment of the best double-couple of 9.4×10¹⁸ Nm, which is identical to the seismic moment determined from leveling data. The moment rate tensor functions reveal that this earthquake consists of three consecutive events. The first event, with a scalar seismic moment of 4.7×10¹⁸ Nm, occurred between 0–12 s, and has a focal mechanism similar to that inverted from leveling data. The second event, with a smaller seismic moment of 2.1×10¹⁸ Nm, occurred between 12–31 s, and has a variable focal mechanism. The third event, with a sealar seismic moment of 2.5×10¹⁸ Nm, occurred between 31–41 s, and has a focal mechanism similar to that inverted from leveling data. The strike of the 1990 Gonghe earthquake, and the significantly reverse dip-slip with minor left-lateral strike-slip motion suggest that the pressure axis of the tectonic stress field in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang plateau is close to horizontal and oriented NNE to SSW, consistent with the relative collision motion between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The predominant thrust mechanism and the complexity in the tempo-spatial rupture process of the Gonghe earthquake, as revealed by the geodetic and seismic data, is generally consistent with the overall distribution of isoseismals, aftershock seismicity and the geometry of intersecting faults structure in the Gonghe basin of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang plateau.Contribution No. 96 B0006 Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing, China.     

Moment tensor inversion and source rupture process of the September 27, 2003 M S=7.9 earthquake occurred in the border area of China, Russia and Mongolia

We conducted moment tensor inversion and studied source rupture process for M _S=7.9 earthquake occurred in the border area of China, Russia and Mongolia on September 27 2003, by using digital teleseismic P-wave seismograms recorded by long-period seismograph stations of the global seismic network. Considering the aftershock distribution and the tectonic settings around the epicentral area, we propose that the M _S=7.9 earthquake occurred on a fault plane with the strike of 127°, the dip of 79° and the rake of 171°. The rupture process inversion result of M _S=7.9 earthquake shows that the total rupture duration is about 37 s, the scalar moment tensor is M ₀=0.97×10²⁰ N·m. Rupture mainly occurred on the shallow area with 110 km long and 30 km wide, the location in which the rupture initiated is not where the main rupture took place, and the area with slip greater than 0.5 m basically lies within 35 km deep middle-crust under the earth surface. The maximum static slip is 3.6 m. There are two distinct areas with slip larger than 2.0 m. We noticed that when the rupture propagated towards northwest and closed to the area around the M _S=7.3 hypocenter, the slip decreased rapidly, which may indicate that the rupture process was stopped by barriers. The consistence of spatial distribution of slip on the fault plane with the distribution of aftershocks also supports that the rupture is a heterogeneous process owing to the presence of barriers.     

2010年4月14日青海玉树地震破裂过程快速反演

基于远震资料的破裂过程反演方法,通过反演2010年4月14日玉树地震的全球宽频带地震垂直向P波波形记录,先后4次反演得到了玉树地震的破裂过程,并比较和讨论了这4次结果.结果表明,玉树地震的破裂过程具有如下基本特征:①地震主要由两次子事件组成,分别对应于震中附近以及震中东南方向上的两块滑动量集中的破裂区域,其中与第2次子事件对应的震中东南方向上滑动集中的区域破裂贯穿至地表;②最大滑动量和最大滑动速率分别为2.1m和1.1m/s,断层滑动速率较大;③玉树地震总体上是一次单侧破裂事件,破裂从初始破裂点(即仪器测定的震源位置)开始,主要向震中东南方向扩展,由"地震多普勒效应"导致在震中东南方向上产生强烈能量聚焦,是玉树城区遭受严重破坏在震源方面的主要原因.     

Fast inversion of rupture process of the 14 April 2010 Yushu,Qinghai, earthquake

Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network (GSN) based on the inversion method of earthquake rupture process, were compared and discussed. It is found that the Yushu earthquake has several basic characteristics as follows: ① There exist two principal sub-events which correspond to two slip-concentrated patches being located near the hypocenter and to the southeast of the epicenter. The rupture of the slip-concentrated patch to the southeast of the epicenter broke though the ground surface; ② The peak slip and peak slip-rate are about 2.1 m and 1.1 m/s, respectively, indicating that the Yushu earthquake is an event with large slip-rate on the fault plane; ③ Overall the Yushu earthquake is a unilateral rupture event with the rupture mainly propagating southeastward. The strong focusing of the seismic energy in the southeast of the epicenter due to the "seismic Doppler effect" reasonably accounts for the tremendous damage in the Yushu city.     

Inversion of near-field waveform data for earthquake source rupture process (I): Method and numerical test

In seismological study, most of the earthquake source rupture processes are inverted via matching the waveforms. The hypocenter location and fault parameters (such as strike direction, dip angle, etc.) are assumed firstly, and the fault is divided into a …     

Source characteristics of the 1992 Nicaragua tsunami earthquake inferred from teleseismic body waves

We analyzed the broadband body waves of the 1992 Nicaragua earthquake to determine the nature of rupture. The rupture propagation was represented by the distribution of point sources with moment-rate functions at 9 grid points with uniform spacing of 20 km along the fault strike. The moment-rate functions were then parameterized, and the parameters were determined with the least squares method with some constraints. The centroid times of the individual moment-rate functions indicate slow and smooth rupture propagation at a velocity of 1.5 km/s toward NW and 1.0 km/s toward SE. Including a small initial break which precedes the main rupture by about 10 s, we obtained a total source duration of 110 s. The total seismic moment isM _o =3.4×10²⁰ Nm, which is consistent with the value determined from long-period surface waves,M _o =3.7×10²⁰ Nm. The average rise time of dislocation is determined to be 10 s. The major moment release occurred along a fault length of 160 km. With the assumption of a fault widthW=50 km, we obtained the dislocationD=1.3 m. From andD the dislocation velocity isD=D/0.1 m/s, significantly smaller than the typical value for ordinary earthquakes. The stress drop =1.1 MPa is also less than the typical value for subduction zone earthquakes by a factor of 2–3. On the other hand, the apparent stress defined by 2E _s /M _o , where andE _s are respectively the rigidity and the seismic wave energy, is 0.037 MPa, more than an order of magnitude smaller than . The Nicaragua tsunami earthquake is characterized by the following three properties: 1) slow rupture propagation; 2) smooth rupture; 3) slow dislocation motion.     

Moment tensor inversion of the November 6, 1988 M S=7.6, Lancang-Gengma, China, earthquake using long-period body-waves data

Moment tensor inversion was carried out to invert the source mechanism and source time function of the MS=7.6 November 6, 1988, Lancang-Gengma, Yunnan Province, China, earthquake. Waveforms of long-period body-waves recorded by China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) were used in the inversion. The inverted result shows one nodal plane of right-lateralstrike-slip faulting and another of left-lateral strike-slip faulting and a simple source time function of a duration of about 15 s and scalar seismic moment of 6.4(1020 N(m. From the geological dataand tectonic settings and also from field observations and epicentral distribution of aftershocks, the nodal plane striking in the azimuth of 313( is preferred as the fault plane. The pressure axis lies almosthorizontally in north-south direction.     

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震序列精定位与震源机制研究

利用双差定位法对2021年5月22日玛多M_S7.4地震序列中1 434个地震进行重新定位,使用TDMT矩张量反演方法求解玛多地震序列M≥4.5地震的震源机制解,综合分析得到如下结论:(1)玛多地震序列震中整体走向为NWW-SEE向,与昆仑山口—江错断裂展布方向相吻合,序列总长度170 km,呈NWW向和SEE向双侧破裂,主震西北侧存在NW向条带,可能是此次地震的分支断裂活动,在南东侧存在余震稀疏段以及横穿玛多—甘德断裂的余震分布带,推测可能是地下速度结构差异所致;(2)主震附近地震序列以左旋走滑型地震为主,优势走向为NWW向,倾向NE,倾角较高,与昆仑山口—江错断裂性质基本一致,结合余震定位结果推断昆仑山口—江错断裂为本次地震的发震断层;(3)主震附近地震序列P轴平均方位角为237°,P轴,T轴平均倾角分别为15°、16°,N轴平均倾角为65°,结合研究区构造特征推断,本次地震是由NEE-SWW向水平挤压应力推动NWW-SEE向断裂发生左旋走滑错动所致。     

“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑

“十五”期间中国地震观测系统得到了迅速的发展, 中国地震局地球物理研究所于2007年底完成“中国数字地震观测网络”项目“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统的建设.该数据备份中心可以准实时地接收并存储全国1000多个固定地震台站的信号,具备海量数据校验、数据格式转换、以用户定制方式截取地震事件波形数据和数据网络下载的功能.到目前为止,已累计为国内10多个科研单位开展的70多项研究提供了近70TB海量波形数据的服务,特别在快速开展的汶川特大地震震后相关研究中提供了重要的数据支撑和保障作用.本文介绍了“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设、汶川特大地震数据服务快速响应、大地震快速响应波形数据自动截取系统建设,以及对地震学及相关科学研究的数据支持情况.