内蒙古大青山地区碎屑岩型金矿控矿系统及其找矿意义

大青山地区碎屑岩型金矿控矿系统表现为:古元古代大陆裂陷槽构造环境为金矿成矿提供背景条件(物质场、能量场、空间场),该环境下沉积的二道凹群中部的红山沟组下部复理石建造为金矿成矿提供物质条件,该建造在造山早期由拉伸机制形成的顺层滑脱剪切带控制成矿带,剪切带内的同期次级褶皱构造(尤其是向斜、向形构造)为金矿成矿提供容矿空间;提出了层位(复理石建造)、顺层滑脱剪切带及相关次级褶皱构造三者叠加控矿的金矿控矿型式。     

雪峰隆起区前震旦纪地壳构造演化及其金矿成矿浅析

雪峰降起区主要由中、上元古界冷家溪群和板溪群组成,是湖南重要的石英脉型金矿成矿区。该区沉积建造是扬子地块东南缘裂陷槽演化的结果。该裂陷槽是在全球性第二裂谷期(800～1200Ma)裂谷作用影响下,沿扬子地块东南缘形成的陆缘裂陷带,本文称“雪峰裂谷”,其构造演化由拉张沉陷—裂陷,局部收缩、回返,再裂陷一再褶皱、回返,演化过程较为完整。在拉张沉陷—裂陷期,形成金的矿源层、含矿层;在裂谷褶皱、回返期,形成含金变质热液,形成金矿化;在裂谷封闭、雪峰期后多期次构造岩浆旋回中,再造、叠加形成金矿床。     

四川会东县云南东川县区域Cu多金属矿成矿分析

<正>四川省会东县云南省东川县属川滇黔铁铜多金属成矿带,该成矿带位于环太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域的结合部位,属于扬子地台西南缘川滇黔菱形地块之会理-昆明裂陷带。川滇黔菱形地块与三江褶皱系、义敦岛弧带、甘孜-理塘洋、龙门山构造带和华南褶皱系相邻;由4条深大断裂所围(小金河-中甸断裂、金沙江-红河断裂、     

甘肃洮河裂陷槽金矿成矿地质条件探讨

洮河裂陷槽位于西秦岭合作—岷县断裂和腊子口—武都断裂之间的过渡地区,是以三叠系浊流沉积碎屑岩建造为主的重要金矿成矿带,后期构造活动相对较弱。通过对区内地质背景、地球化学特征和典型矿床特征的对比,分析了裂陷槽内金矿床成矿地质条件。认为三叠系碎屑岩地层是金的矿源层,地球化学异常是寻找该类矿床的直接标志,EW向和NW向断裂交汇部位的局部小规模褶皱、断裂和小岩脉的发育程度是矿体富集的决定因素。     

豫西熊耳山地区金矿构造控矿系统及其找矿意义

熊耳山地区金矿构造控矿系统表现为：伸展裂陷盆岭构造环境为金矿成矿提供背景条件（物质场、能量场、空间场）;南部马超营断裂及北部不整合面间拆离带控制南北两大金矿成矿带;相关次级断裂构造及北东向断裂构造叠加部位为金矿成矿提供容矿空间;东部与古火山机械有关的张裂构造控矿。拆离带及火山机构控矿的提出,丰富了本区构造控矿形式,拓展了找矿视野,对认识成矿规律和找矿预测具有重要意义。     

滇黔桂金三角金矿构造矿类型及控矿规律探讨

文章首先介绍了滇黔桂金三角地区金矿成矿构造环境，研究及总结出该区微粒浸染型金矿的四种（断裂，褶皱、环形构造，不整合面）控矿构造类型，并对构造控矿规律进行了探讨，提出构造分级控矿，控矿构造与容矿岩石组合控矿，褶皱构造与断裂联合控矿等规律，及“不整合面构造带是一种具有重大意义的成矿及控矿构造体系”的新观点新认识。     

黔西南泥堡金矿床构造解析及构造控矿作用

泥堡金矿床地处黔西南碳酸盐岩台地相区,赋矿围岩主要为玄武质火山碎屑岩,以断控型矿体为主、层控型矿体为辅,是滇黔桂"金三角"地区典型的卡林型金矿床之一。详细的野外填图和研究表明,构造是其最主要的控矿要素之一。泥堡金矿区构造类型以断层和褶皱为主,构造线以北东向为主,北西向为辅。矿床受区域性的北东东向潘家庄断裂控制,但矿体主要受次一级的断层和褶皱控制,其中枢纽北东东向二龙抢宝背斜与北西向背斜叠加形成的穹窿构造是层控型金矿体的主要构造控制因素;断控型金矿体主要受控于F_1逆断层,逆冲断层+上盘牵引背斜构造是泥堡金矿最典型的构造控矿组合样式。印支期造山挤压奠定了矿区北东东向的总体构造格架,燕山期叠加了北西向构造。F_1虽总体表现为逆断层性质,但在燕山晚期叠加了正滑运动,并形成了张性空间,有利于的成矿流体运移和金沉淀。根据矿床构造控矿规律分析,提出F_1北部的次级断层F_(1-1)及其上盘牵引背斜为金矿有利的找矿靶区,有待今后工程验证。     

黔西北地区隆起裂陷、逆冲推覆作用与铅锌成矿关系

黔西北地区是上扬子西缘成矿带重要矿集区,区内分布许多大中型铅锌矿床,其构造复杂,找矿难度大。为实现黔西北地区铅锌找矿突破,系统收集该区及邻区勘查和研究资料,通过类比美国密西西比地区铅锌矿床和相邻云南矿山厂、麒麟厂、毛坪等铅锌矿床,结合在黔西北地区实施的调查和勘查项目,开展野外调查和取样测试等,解剖区内典型矿床;以地史时期构造演化为线索,探索黔西北地区地壳裂陷、地壳隆升、玄武岩浆喷发、地层褶皱倒转、逆冲推覆与铅锌成矿关系。研究表明,海西期裂陷作用产生裂陷槽,深部成矿流体沿裂陷槽边界断裂上升,Pb、Zn等组分在裂陷槽内与岩层同沉积,形成高含量背景层;裂陷槽两侧地壳隆升拉张变薄,玄武岩浆喷发,强大的岩浆热能驱动,岩层中Pb、Zn等组分与岩浆携带的含矿热液,运移至垭都-紫云等大断裂及次级断裂、断裂旁侧的有利岩层中聚集,形成铅锌矿体（矿化）;印支早期构造运动,地层褶皱倒转、断裂、逆冲推覆,沿断裂上升的含矿热液,改造早期的铅锌矿体（矿化）。该区的铅锌矿床不属于MVT型,是叠加（复合/改造）型矿床。印支晚期、燕山期、喜山期的构造运动,没有明显铅锌成矿作用发生,破坏早期形成的矿床。     

贵州锦丰（烂泥沟）超大型金矿床构造解析及构造成矿作用

在矿区大比例尺填图的基础上,运用构造解析的理论和方法,对贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿的构造特征、构造演化和构造控矿作用进行了系统的阐述。矿区构造线主要分为近NS向、NW向和NE向3组,其中NW向构造线控制了矿区的构造格架。构造变形主要经历了同生期裂陷、造山期挤压、后碰撞造山侧向挤压和岩石圈伸展等4个阶段。盆地裂陷期间(D2-T2)形成的同生断层为后续的构造活动提供了最初的构造薄弱面,并成为主要的热液通道;造山期挤压期间(T3)形成了矿区最为明显的近NS向和NW向大型倒转褶皱和逆冲断层以及配套的NE向右旋走滑断层;后碰撞造山侧向挤压期间(J1)形成走向NE的叠加褶皱,并在F2-F3"X"型断裂系上形成近EW向的拉张区,矿质沿着拉张的空间沉淀就位;燕山期(J2-K)岩石圈伸展,形成小规模的近水平逆断层。上述4个主要构造变形阶段与右江盆地的裂陷-闭合-坍塌的发展演化历史相吻合,成矿发生在由挤压向拉张过渡的构造体制转换阶段。造山期逆冲作用形成的构造闭圈和后碰撞造山期间挤压向伸展转变的过程中形成的局部张性构造环境是矿质得以大量聚集、沉淀的主要构造控制因素。构造成矿作用是锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿单一矿体垂向延深1000m以上的主要制约因素。构造成矿的观点将为在滇黔桂"金三角"卡林型金矿带的深部找矿提供重要的理论依据。     

豫西熊耳山地区金矿构造控矿系统及其找矿意义

熊耳山地区金矿构造挖矿系统表现为：伸展裂陷盆岭构造环境为金矿成矿提供背景条件（物质场、能量场、空间场）;南部马超营断裂及北部不整合面间拆离带控制南北两大金矿成矿带;相关次级断裂构造及北东向断裂构造叠加部位为金矿成矿提供容矿空间;东部与古火山机构有关的张裂构造控矿。拆离带及火山机构控矿的提出,丰富了本区构造挖矿型式,拓展了找矿视野,对认识成矿规律和找矿预测具有重要意义。     

秦岭凤太地区金矿床成矿地质条件与时空分布特征

秦岭凤太地区金矿床产于商丹板块对接带和南秦岭边缘海盆区,含金建造为火山碎屑岩和细碎屑(热水)沉积建造,赋矿围岩以绿片岩相细碎屑岩为主。区内的金矿床主成矿年龄为220~170Ma,属晚印支期,主成矿期后叠加燕山期构造热液。空间上金矿带与铅锌矿带呈平行展布,金矿与韧性构造关系密切,显示了构造边界对金矿带的控制,具有继承性特征的脆韧性剪切带为含矿构造,北北东向与近东西向(北西西向)断裂的复合是金矿富集的主要构造特征。     

Origin and formational history of some Pb-Zn deposits from Alborz and Central Iran: Pb isotope constraints

Several Pb-Zn deposits and occurrences within Iran are hosted by Mesozoic–Tertiary-aged sedimentary and igneous rocks. This study reports new Pb isotope analyses for galena from 14 Pb-Zn deposits in the Alborz and Central Iran structural zones. In general, Pb isotope ratios are extremely variable with data plotting between the upper crustal and orogenic curves in a plumbotectonic diagram. The latter may be attributed to Pb inputs from crustal and mantle end-members. Most of the galena samples are characterized by high ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, suggesting significant input of Pb from old continental crust or pelagic sediment. Pb isotope data also indicate that some of the deposits, which are hosted by sedimentary rocks in Central Iran and Alborz, have similar Pb isotopic compositions and hence suggest similar source regions. Most of the galenas yield Pb model ‘ages’ that vary between ~140 and ~250 Ma, indicating that mineralization resulted from the extraction of ore-bearing fluids from Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic sequences. The similarity in Pb isotope ratios for the Pb-Zn deposits located within these zones suggests analogous crustal evolution histories. Our preferred interpretation is that Pb-Zn mineralization within the sedimentary and igneous rocks of the Central Iran and Alborz tectonic regions occurred following a Late Cretaceous–Tertiary accretionary stage of crustal thickening in Iran.     

New Mexico structural zone—an analogue of the Colorado mineral belt

Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the northern part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia–Manzano Mountains)—where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts—indicate that the northeast-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus, the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico.The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits, in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona. The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks.     

柴北缘地区的两类块状硫化物矿床--Ⅰ. 锡铁山式SEDEX型铅锌矿床

作者以连续的两篇文章综述了柴北缘地区的加里东造山带中产出的两类不同的块状硫化物矿床,这就是喷流沉积(SEDEX)型Pb-Zn矿床和火山岩容矿的块状硫化物(VHMS)型Cu-S矿床.认为它们在成矿后的造山过程中受到过不同程度和不同成矿作用的改造,使之兼有后生矿床的特征.锡铁山Pb-Zn矿床的主体是属于以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷流沉积(SEDEX)型矿床.它的含矿岩系形成于早奥陶世[(486±13) Ma]弧后盆地环境中,并在加里东期碰撞造山过程中发生了强烈的北东-南西向斜向挤压缩短,导致喷流沉积成矿作用形成的原始铅-锌-黄铁矿层,后期遭受了强烈的构造改造,从而在一定程度上使矿体的空间分布受到后期构造的控制.此外,该矿床也程度不大地受到过后期热液改造.为更加显示它的地区性特色和强烈的后期改造,作者建议将其称为"锡铁山式SEDEX型铅锌矿床".在该式矿床的勘查过程中,既要注重研究同生成矿作用对矿体的控制,也要重视研究后期构造对含矿层和矿体的破坏和改造.     

Tectonics and geodynamics of Gorny Altai and adjacent structures of the Altai–Sayan folded area

Packages of Late Paleozoic tectonic nappes and associated major NE-trending strike-slip faults are widely developed in the Altai–Sayan folded area. Fragments of early deformational phases are preserved within the Late Paleozoic allochthons and autochthons. Caledonian fold-nappe and strike-slip structures, as well as accompanying metamorphism and granitization in the region, are typical of the EW-trending suture-shear zone separating the composite Kazakhstan–Baikal continent and Siberia. In the Gorny Altai region, the Late Paleozoic nappes envelop the autochthon, which contains a fragment of the Vendian–Cambrian Kuznetsk–Altai island arc with accretionary wedges of the Biya–Katun’ and Kurai zones. The fold-nappe deformations within the latter zones occurred during the Late Cambrian (Salairian) and can thus be considered Salairian orogenic phases. The Salairian fold-nappe structure is stratigraphically overlain by a thick (up to 15 km) well-stratified rock unit of the Anyui–Chuya zone, which is composed of Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician fore-arc basin rocks unconformably overlain by Ordovician–Early Devonian carbonate-terrigenous passive-margin sequences. These rocks are crosscut by intrusions and overlain by a volcanosedimentary unit of the Devonian active margin. The top of the section is marked by Famennian–Visean molasse deposits onlapping onto Devonian rocks. The molasse deposits accumulated above a major unconformity reflects a major Late Paleozoic phase of folding, which is most pronounced in deformations at the edges of the autochthon, nearby the Kaim, Charysh–Terekta, and Teletskoe–Kurai fault nappe zones. Upper Carboniferous coal-bearing molasse deposits are preserved as tectonic wedges within the Charysh–Terekta and Teletskoe–Kurai fault nappe zones.Detrital zircon ages from Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician rocks of the Anyui–Chuya fore-arc zone indicate that they were primarily derived from Upper Neoproterozoic–Cambrian igneous rocks of the Kuznetsk–Altai island arc or, to a lesser extent, from an Ordovician–Early Devonian passive margin. A minor age population is represented by Paleoproterozoic grains, which was probably sourced from the Siberian craton. Zircons from the Late Carboniferous molasse deposits have much wider age spectra, ranging from Middle Devonian–Early Carboniferous to Late Ordovician–Early Silurian, Cambrian–Early Ordovician, Mesoproterozoic, Early–Middle Proterozoic, and early Paleoproterozoic. These ages are consistent with the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks of the composite Kazakhstan–Baikal continent, which includes the Tuva-Mongolian island arc with accreted Gondwanan blocks, and a Caledonian suture-shear zone in the north. Our results suggest that the Altai–Sayan region is represented by a complex aggregate of units of different geodynamic affinity. On the one hand, these are continental margin rocks of western Siberia, containing only remnants of oceanic crust embedded in accretionary structures. On the other hand, they are represented by the Kazakhstan–Baikal continent composed of fragments of Gondwanan continental blocks. In the Early–Middle Paleozoic, they were separated by the Ob’–Zaisan oceanic basin, whose fragments are preserved in the Caledonian suture-shear zone. The movements during the Late Paleozoic occurred along older, reactivated structures and produced the large intracontinental Central Asian orogen, which is interpreted to be a far-field effect of the colliding East European, Siberian, and Kazakhstan–Baikal continents.     

蒙古南戈壁欧玉陶勒盖铜(金)矿床地质特征及其对我国找矿勘查工作的启示

近二十年来,蒙古南戈壁成矿带在寻找大宗金属矿产方面取得丰硕成果,发现了欧玉陶勒盖和查干苏布尔加等与古亚洲洋晚泥盆世岛弧演化有关的大型斑岩型矿床。研究表明:1)欧玉陶勒盖—查干苏布尔加地区在法门期弧岩浆与矿化作用之后,经历了短暂的抬升和剥蚀过程,随后被石炭纪火山-沉积岩所覆盖。两个矿床皆被埋藏于法门期(D_3)—杜内期(C_1)不整合面之下;2)矿床现今出露于石炭纪—二叠纪岩体包围的"天窗"中,矿体能否保存与其上覆岩层遭受的剥蚀程度有关;3)近EW向展布的蒙古南戈壁成矿带在欧玉陶勒盖—查干苏布尔加地区受三叠纪—早白垩世准巴彦断裂左旋走滑运动的影响,局部转变为NE走向,向东可延伸至中国境内东乌旗一带。因此,在中国内蒙古东乌旗地区开展的找矿勘查工作应重点关注法门期(D_3)—杜内期(C_1)不整合之下的晚泥盆世侵入体及其围岩,并在成矿远景区进行相应的区域构造解析研究。     

冕宁三代褶叠层构造的发现及成因分析

位于扬子地台西缘的冕宁三代地区，出露有震旦纪一晚二叠世的沉积岩及火山岩，岩石普遍遭受了低绿片岩相变质和浅－中构造相变形，尤以顺层片理、顺层掩卧褶皱、顺层韧性剪切带最为发育，地层序列正常。它们是地壳伸展机制下的褶叠层构造组合，它发生于晚二叠世，定型于三叠纪。     

内蒙古二连—东乌旗地区重磁异常特征及其找矿意义

以区域地质资料和物性资料为依据,探讨了二连—东乌旗地区1∶20万重磁异常所反映的深部构造特征及其找矿意义。在区域重磁场分区研究的基础上,分析了区内晚古生代的不同成矿环境。重磁异常解释结果显示,本区西部以北东向区域构造为主,东部转为南北向和东西向密集网格构造,成矿条件更为有利。尤其是东部东乌旗和霍林郭勒地区中酸性侵入岩体发育,矿产资源潜力巨大。1∶20万重磁异常研究从不同空间尺度为本区寻找内生金属矿产提供了重要信息,并圈定6处找矿远景区。     

西藏措勤盆地的上古生界-下中生界：潜在的油气沉积建造

新的地层和古生物学研究结果表明,措勤盆地在晚古生代一早中生代不存在长达75Ma以上的沉积间断．其中,晚二叠世-晚三叠世诺利期都是海相碳酸盐岩地层,晚三叠世瑞替期-早中侏罗世为陆缘碎屑岩地层．两者之间为角度不整合接触．措勤盆地在晚二叠世-晚三叠世诺利期一直处于海相碳酸盐岩盆地中．晚三叠世瑞替期-早中侏罗世仍然是接受巨厚沉积的低洼地区。从宏观的油气勘探的战略评价角度看．措勤盆地在中二叠世栖霞期-晚三叠世诺利期的海相碳酸盐岩地层具有生油层的性质,上三叠统瑞替阶-中下侏罗统具有盖层的性质,两者之间的角度不整合具有储集层的性质。措勤盆地中二叠统-下侏罗统构成一个油气的有利勘探层系．称为古格层系。     

黑龙江省嫩江-黑河地区古、中生代洋陆转换的岩浆岩记录及相关的矿床类型

黑龙江省嫩江-黑河地区显生宙岩浆活动强烈,发育一系列大、中型矿床,为了了解研究区古、中生代的洋陆过程及其成矿背景,系统总结了研究区近年来岩浆岩和矿床学研究中取得的成果,梳理出洋内弧前弧岩石组合的埃达克质岩石、高镁岩石和TTG花岗岩等,并结合火山-沉积建造特征,探讨研究区的洋陆转换及相关的矿床类型代表的成矿事件.研究区古生代发育早寒武世、晚寒武世、中奥陶世、早志留世的高镁岩石和早奥陶世、中奥陶世、晚泥盆世的埃达克质岩石,一直处于嫩江-黑河洋的俯冲环境,在晚石炭世-二叠纪转为晚造山-后造山阶段,成矿作用以奥陶纪最为强烈,且与洋内弧前弧岩石组合的高镁岩石、埃达克质岩石密切相关,出现俯冲造弧阶段的斑岩与浅成低温热液成矿系统,需要进一步加强可能的VMS型矿床、造山型金矿等找矿勘查工作.研究区中生代发育与蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片南向俯冲作用有关的中三叠世、早侏罗世埃达克质岩石和晚三叠世的镁质岩石及早-中侏罗世TTG花岗岩,而早白垩世晚期的弧火山岩和产出的一系列大、中型金矿床可能与古太平洋板块俯冲-后撤有关.