风力发电机组雷电防护的分析

运用2016年广东省气象局科研项目《风力发电系统雷电防护技术研究》技术成果,对风力发电机组雷电防护运行情况进行分析,找出风力发电机组遭受雷击的基本特征;提出风力发电机组直击雷防护、雷电电磁脉冲防护、等电位连接防护、SPD防护、防雷接地等雷电防护技术的具体方法和内容。     

通信基站的综合防雷设计

由于通信基站的地理位子特殊性和设备重要性,防雷工程设计有其独特性.本文讨论通信基站的综合防雷设计,根据目前通信基站的建设情况,总结规律,发现问题,应用先进的技术和防雷理念,从防护直击雷、雷电感应、雷电波侵入和地电压反击方面,提出合理化的设计要点,讨论了通信基站铁塔和机房的直击雷、天馈系统、电源系统、接地和等电位连接的详细方案,确保通信基站设备和人员的安全.     

呼和浩特机场综合防雷工程探讨

雷电是影响机场以及旅客安全的重要因素.通过分析雷电灾害对机场建筑物和导航等设备电源、通信系统的影响,提出机场雷电防护的基本要素和设计思想;通过对呼和浩特机场防雷工程具体案例分析了候机楼等建筑的直击雷防护、机房的屏蔽、等电位和浪涌保护器性能参数的选择等问题,并对机场的供配电、通信、导航等系统的具体防雷措施进行了探讨.     

树型分枝结构在山地基站的运用

对于设在山顶的各类基站,尤其应注意基站的防雷接地不能采用传统的接地方式来处理;这是因为山顶基站的接地电阻较大,接地引线较长,雷电流泄放相对缓慢,所以地电压反击比较严重,而基站防雷接地系统工程是保证通信网络畅通、人员和设备安全的重要环节,该文所介绍的"树型分枝结构防雷接地法"能因地制宜地解决基站铁塔、天馈线、土建、供电、设备安装以及机房周围建筑物等诸多设施的防雷接地安全。     

远程教育系统中卫星小站的防雷电设计

分析了雷电引入卫星小站系统的途径,阐述了卫星小站系统的防雷电措施,提出了构筑完整防雷体系保护系统设备的方法。     

远程教育系统中卫星小站的防雷电设计

分析了雷电引入卫星小站系统的途径,阐述了卫星小站系统的防雷电措施,提出了构筑完整防雷体系保护系统设备的方法.     

TWR01小型天气雷达雷电防护

依据贞丰县TWR01小型天气雷达安装的地理位置、气候条件以及相关的防雷技术规范,对其进行雷电防护设计,具体包括小型雷达自身的雷达的天线、信号和控制线路、雷达主体直击雷防护及在户内重点保护雷达控制设备及线路的防护措施;从外到内综合运用接闪、分流、屏蔽、接地、等电位等现代防雷技术,该技术的实施保证了雷达设备的安全运行。     

城市地铁雷电防护关键技术研究

目前国内尚无针对地铁系统的专项防雷设计、施工及检测标准,使得在全国范围内开展的地铁系统防雷工作无系统性技术规范。分析地铁系统遭受雷击的主要方式与途径,明确了地铁系统防雷的必要性;针对城市地铁雷电防护的关键点,通过理论分析计算在国内首次确定了地铁系统的防雷保护等级应按第2类进行划分,并推导出了地铁防雷的关键参数——接地电阻的理论值。从接闪、接地、等电位连接、屏蔽和综合布线以及电涌保护防雷5要素出发对地铁系统雷电防护的具体措施进行了分析研究,提出地铁防雷主要措施和技术指标,为从事地铁防雷系统的设计、施工、防雷检测以及相关专业人员提供参考,并对将来形成地铁防雷技术标准方面的工作具有重要参考价值。     

9210工程的防雷设

VSAT小站的防雷包括外部防护和内部防护。外部防护包括建筑物和VSAT天线 ,内部防护包括各种金属管线、电源线和信号线。提出了防护的技术指标和具体措施 ,可基本避免VSAT小站发生雷击     

一次安防系统雷灾综合分析及整改措施

一次强雷电天气过程造成中国人寿保险陕西分公司档案库安防系统瘫痪,大量电子设备损坏。经现场调查分析,灾害的直接原因是由雷电感应及雷电波侵入。通过对安防系统周边环境和致灾原因调查、鉴定,进一步对电子设备保护装置的选择、使用以及屏蔽、等电位连接、防雷接地和综合布线等防雷保护技术的分析,提出有效的屏蔽、等电位连接、综合布线和防雷接地四大系统组成的内部雷电感应综合防护措施。整改后,经过2a时间的检验,在多次强雷电天气下安防系统均正常运行,证明取得很好的防护效果。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.