共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
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《海洋预报》2021,38(4)
2018—2021年3个冬季期间在渤海辽东湾鲅鱼圈海域沿岸进行海冰单轴压缩试验。采用典型的柱状结构海冰作为试验对象,试验中加载方向垂直于柱状结构冰晶的轴向,应变率选取区间为4.5×10-5~7.5×10-3/s,海冰试样的温度在-3~-33℃之间。每组试验完成后对温度、盐度和密度进行了测量,用于计算每个试验试样的卤水体积。试验结果表明:海冰试样的应变-应力曲线表现出3种典型形式:韧性破坏、单峰值脆性破坏和多峰值脆性破坏。海冰名义压缩强度和卤水体积呈指数关系,应变率影响下的海冰单轴名义压缩强度出现韧性区-过渡区-脆性区的转化过程,在韧性区和脆性区阶段海冰的单轴名义压缩强度和应变率均呈幂函数关系。此外,综合卤水体积和应变率的影响,确定了海冰名义单轴压缩强度在两者共同影响下的变化规律。 相似文献
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卤水体积和应力速率影响下海冰强度的统一表征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
无论在地球物理尺度下研究海冰的动力学演化特性,还是在工程结构尺度下分析海冰与海洋结构物的相互作用过程,海冰强度均是影响海冰宏观变形和细观破坏规律的重要力学参数。本文通过对渤海海冰物理力学性质的现场和室内试验,分析了海冰压缩、弯曲和剪切强度参数与卤水体积、应力速率的对应关系。试验结果表明,海冰强度与卤水体积更好地呈指数关系,与应力速率呈线性关系;在此基础上,本文建立了由卤水体积和应力速率共同表征的海冰强度统一函数关系,为工程领域对海冰强度的选取提供有力的参考依据。 相似文献
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研究了黄海北部海冰物理力学性质,试验内容有海冰的晶体结构,单轴压缩强度和弯曲强度,分析了海冰的压缩强度和弯曲强度与冰温,应力率和加载方向的关系。 相似文献
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应变速率与单轴压缩强度极值的关系在抗冰结构设计与优化中占有重要地位。基于2009年冬季普兰店海域海冰在不同海冰温度(-5°C、-10°C、-15°C)下的压缩强度试验数据,给出各自应变速率—压缩强度散点图。结果表明,海冰在不同加载速率下表现为三种破坏模式,即韧性区、过渡区与脆性区;海冰温度对过渡区对应应变速率范围影响较小,均在6.3×10~(-4)~2×10~(-3)区域附近。结合三段式函数形式,给出不同温度下应变速率—压缩强度极值的曲线拟合结果。依据上述结论,在庄河海域选择应变速率10~(-2)、10~(-3)与10~(-4)进行不同海冰温度(-16°C~-4°C)下单轴压缩强度试验。结果显示:在韧性区,海冰温度与压缩强度极值呈弱负相关;在过渡区,海冰温度与压缩强度极值呈明显线性减小;在脆性区,强度极值相对海冰温度敏感度较低。基于此,在应变速率—压缩强度曲线中提出温度影响系数,这一试验分析方法可推广至其它海域。 相似文献
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对渤海的柱状海冰开展了系统的现场单轴压缩试验。在试验过程中,分别采用垂直于(水平加载)/平行于(竖直加载)冰晶的两种加载方向。同时,通过改变加载速率的方式研究了应变速率对压缩强度的影响。在测试结果中,结合试样的应变、应力以及裂纹特征分析了脆性破坏模式下海冰单轴压缩强度特征。试验结果表明:平行于冰晶方向的加载强度约为垂直于冰晶方向强度的3倍,并且两种加载方向的海冰单轴压缩强度均随加载速率的提高而降低。破坏模式的分析表明:脆性破坏主要由裂纹的发展所主导。随着加载速率的提高,海冰的破坏过程由单次破碎向多次破碎转变从而弱化了压缩强度。由于裂纹更容易在晶界处发展,不同加载方向下的裂纹特征以及最终的破坏模式有所区别。水平加载下的破坏模式以剪切形式为主,而竖直加载时主要发生柱状冰晶的屈曲破坏。屈曲破坏更容易发生在冰晶内部而表现出较高的压缩强度,因此竖直压缩强度更高。 相似文献
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Reliability Analysis of Ice-Induced Fatigue and Damage in Offshore Engineering Structures 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
《中国海洋工程》2000,14(1)
—In Bohai Gulf,offshore and other installations have collapsed by sea ice due to the fatigueand fracture of the main supporting components in the ice environments.In this paper presented are someresults on fatigue reliability of these structures in the Gulf by investigating the distributions of iceparameters such as its floating direction and speed,sheet thickness,compressive strength,ice forces on thestructures,and hot spot stress in the structure.The low temperature,ice breaking modes and componentfatigue failure modes are also taken into account in the analysis of the fatigue reliability of the offshorestructures experiencing both random ice loading and low temperatures.The results could be applied to thedesign and operation of offshore platforms in the Bohai Gulf. 相似文献
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海冰厚度是监测与研究渤海海冰的重要参数。为了获取更加可靠的渤海海冰厚度数据,本研究基于MODIS数据对海冰厚度反演中的冰水分离环节和冰厚计算方法都进行了改进。对于冰水分离环节,本文在Canny边缘检测算子提取海冰基础上,加入了二值化处理、阈值判别等步骤,实现了较高精度的渤海海冰范围自动化提取。通过试验确定了海冰厚度与反照率指数关系模型中的参数,包括海冰衰减系数和海水反照率参数,使其更加符合渤海海区的物理特征。将改进后算法的海冰厚度反演结果与渤海海上石油平台实测数据进行比较,并分析了误差来源。结果表明,经过对算法的改进,海冰厚度与反照率指数关系模型的反演结果与实测数据之间的平均绝对误差由7.05 cm缩小到2.74 cm,相关系数由0.434提高到0.485。 相似文献
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海冰动力学过程的数值模拟 总被引:41,自引:11,他引:30
讨论了海冰动力学性质并阐述决定海冰漂移的动量平衡,冰脊和水道形成及确定冰应力与形变、强度之间关系的海冰流变学.提出了模拟海冰动力学过程的数值模式,模式中冰厚分布由开阔水、平整冰和堆积冰3种要素表示.在这3要素的预报方程中引入形变函数,采用一种参数化方法模拟冰脊和水道.为了表示冰内相互作用,将海冰作为一种非线性粘性可压缩物质,采用粘-塑性本构关系.本文还概述和讨论了模式中所采用的数值方法,应用此模式模拟了渤海、波罗的海的波的尼亚湾和拉布拉多海的冰漂移.渤海冰漂移模拟结果明显地显示出潮周期变化,还模拟了渤海的冰脊和水道,进行了海冰流变学参数的敏感性试验.并将此冰模式与大气模式和边界层模式联接,给出渤海海冰预报结果. 相似文献
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Offshore engineers and scientists face fascinating economical and technical challenges in designing offshore platforms for shallow water oil and gas fields in moderate ice conditions. Petroleum production systems in these ice-infested areas such as the Bohai Bay of China, Cook Inlet, Barent Sea, and Caspian Sea must be designed to accommodate the harsh environmental conditions, among which the first-year sea ice is one of the major design consideration. Extreme ice loads and ice-induced vibrations still remain an area of uncertainty in offshore platforms. This paper demonstrates the main technical aspects on the use of jackets in the Bohai Bay, with particular focus on ice loads and the failure modes of slender ice-resistant structures, which are the two key issues in design considerations. A design proposal and some considerations for economical ice-resistant structures for safe development in the cold region are also conceptually discussed. 相似文献
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北极夏季海冰单轴抗压强度研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
The results on the uniaxial compressive strength of Arctic summer sea ice are presented based on the samples collected during the fifth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2012(CHINARE-2012). Experimental studies were carried out at different testing temperatures(-3,-6 and-9°C), and vertical samples were loaded at stress rates ranging from 0.001 to 1 MPa/s. The temperature, density, and salinity of the ice were measured to calculate the total porosity of the ice. In order to study the effects of the total porosity and the density on the uniaxial compressive strength, the measured strengths for a narrow range of stress rates from 0.01 to 0.03 MPa/s were analyzed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength decreases linearly with increasing total porosity, and when the density was lower than 0.86 g/cm3, the uniaxial compressive strength increases in a power-law manner with density. The uniaxial compressive behavior of the Arctic summer sea ice is sensitive to the loading rate, and the peak uniaxial compressive strength is reached in the brittle-ductile transition range. The dependence of the strength on the temperature shows that the calculated average strength in the brittle-ductile transition range, which was considered as the peak uniaxial compressive strength, increases steadily in the temperature range from-3 to-9°C. 相似文献
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基于海冰区划的平台结构振动舒适度设计--容许加速度限值 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海冰作用下平台结构的振动舒适度是冰区导管架平台结构设计需要考虑的重要问题,传统的单一界限方法由于不能考虑冰期的长短和冰情出现概率,从而导致了不同冰区平台结构具有不同的振动舒适度水平。引入了对振动舒适度进行量化的烦恼率模型,结合冰期和冰情出现概率,给出了不同冰期和冰情出现概率下结构容许振动加速度的确定方法。结合我国渤海的海冰区划,给出了不同冰区结构容许振动加速度值。 相似文献
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Numerical simulation for dynamical processes of sea ice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NumericalsimulationfordynamicalprocessesofseaiceWuHuiding,BaiShan,ZhangZhanhaiandLiGuoqing(ReceivedMay16,1996;acceptedJanuary... 相似文献