Rapidly rotating α2-dynamo models

Es werden die Ergebnisse numerischer Untersuchungen von α²-Dynamo-Modellen vorgestellt, welche sich auf einen α-Tensor der Gestalt (δ_im + α₃Ω_iΩ_m/Ω²). ( gΩ ) beziehen. Dieser Tensor liefert für α₃ = – 1 den für sehr schnelle Rotation, ω >_c, gültigen Ausdruck, wobei wir aber die zum Vergleich heranzuziehenden Frequenzen ω_c der α-aktiven Turbulenz für die einzelen Himmelskörper nicht kennen. Unsere Ergebnisse weisen der nichtaxial-aber äquatorsymmetrischen S1-Mode, für die ein in der Äquatorebene liegender magnetischer Dipol ein Beispiel darstellt, eine besondere Bedeutung zu, weil sich der zugehörige Eigenwert für α₃ = o … – 1 kaum ändert, während die Eigenwerte der anderen Doden stark anwachsen. Bei Einbeziehung der (auch beobachteten) nichtaxialsymmetrischen Moden findet man daher keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede in der Fähigkeit zur Dynamoerregung zwischen langsam und schnell rotierenden Sternen. Bemerkenswerterweise zeigen alle untersuchten nichtaxialsymmetrischen Magnetfelder ein westwärts gerichtete Driftbewegung.     

Subcritical solutions in a special nonlinear αω-dynamo model

It is shown in an idealized αω-dynamo model that a finite flux density not only is able to prevail against its own backreaction on the generating mechanism but can even make the dynamo more responsive to excitation and enable it to run subcritically.     

Oscillatory α2-dynamo: numerical investigation

Linear and nonlinear equations describing the generation of a large-scale magnetic field (α²-dynamo) in a thin disc of turbulent conducting fluid are derived and discussed. The numerical procedure is based on a finite-difference implicit scheme for the corresponding nonlinear Cauchy problem with boundary conditions. In addition, the QR-algorithm for the linear eigenvalue problem is realized. It is demonstrated that the α²-dynamo is able to generate oscillatory magnetic fields. The periods of oscillation are typically of the order of or less than the diffusion time. These oscillations are suggested to be due to boundary effects. Dependence of the solutions on the generation efficiency and on the distribution of the mean helicity across the disc are discussed in detail. The period of oscillations only slightly depends on the specific form of distribution of the mean helicity across the disc and is determined mainly by the magnitude of the helicity and by the position of the helicity extremum: the nearer this point to the boundary, the greater the oscillation frequency. Nonlinear effects suppress oscillations when the mean helicity attains its maximum at a depth not more than a quarter of the disc thickness, and promote them otherweise. The one-dimensional system of nonlinear α²-dynamo equations is reduced to a single nonlinear equation of the Schrödinger type.     

Spektrographische Untersuchungen des magnetischen Sterns α2CVn

The main purpose of this paper was the examination of the Cassegrain-spectrograph of the 2-m-universaltelescope at Tautenburg for investigations of magnetic stars. Therefore from 26 spectrograms of the well known magnetically variable star α²CVn taken with a reciprocal linear dispersion of 10 Å/mm variations of radial velocity and magnetic field strength for some lines of Eu II, Cr II, Si II, Mg II were determined. The results agree well with those of Babcock [5] and Struve and Swings [2], derived from spectrograms of higher dispersion. The large variation in the radial velocity of Eu II and Cr II is confirmed. In the oblique rotator model this requires a very strong concentration of Eu II at the poles and of Cr II at the equator.     

On the eigenvalues of kinematic α-effect dynamos

The kinematic α-effect dynamo problem is investigated in the case of an exterior perfect conductor. It is shown that certain approximate symmetries discovered in the numerical analysis of ROBERTS (1972) are exact for this case. As an illustration, an exact solution is given in a cylindrical geometry, where the equations can be written in terms of one variable. The implications for the earth's dynamo are discussed.     

Secondary α-effect in the nearly symmetric dynamo

An attempt has been made to examine the role of the secondary α-effect in the nearly symmetric dynamo. The tensor form of the effect has been found and it is concluded that this effect only plays a role under special assumption of the disturbance velocity field. The secondary alfa effect can amplify the generation of the azimuthal field from the poloidal field in the α²-dynamo rather than in the αω-dynamo.     

Integral field observations of damped Lyman‐α galaxies

We report preliminary results from a targeted investigation on quasars containing damped Lyman‐α absorption (DLA) lines as well strong metal absorption lines, carried out with the Potsdam Multi Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS). We search for line‐emitting objects at the same redshift as the absorption lines and close to the line of sight of the QSOs. We have observed and detected the already confirmed absorbing galaxies in Q2233+131 (z_abs = 3.15) and Q0151+045 (z_abs=0.168), while failing to find spectral signatures for the z = 0.091 absorber in Q0738+313. From the Q2233+131 DLA galaxy, we have detected extended Lyα emission from an area of 3″ ×5″. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the α-effect for slow and fast rotation

This paper deals with the influence of global rotation on a special inomogeneous field of incompressible turbulence. All its deviations from homogeneity and isotropy may be described only by a constant gradient of turbulence intensity. Using a FOURIER representation we are able to determine the α-effect for any given rotational rates and material constants. In the case of slow rotation our expressions show a strong similarity with those of other authors. Increasing angular velocities do not – as is to be assumed at first sight – suppress the production of mean electromotive force caused by turbulence. They rather lead to a two-dimensionality of this e.m.f. with respect to the axis of rotation. It seems, therefore, that very fast rotation can not completely delete the dynamo instability.     

Dynamical quenching with non‐local α and downward pumping

In light of new results, the one‐dimensional mean‐field dynamo model of Brandenburg & Käpylä (2007) with dynamical quenching and a nonlocal Babcock‐Leighton α effect is re‐examined for the solar dynamo. We extend the one‐dimensional model to include the effects of turbulent downward pumping (Kitchatinov & Olemskoy 2011), and to combine dynamical quenching with shear. We use both the conventional dynamical quenching model of Kleeorin & Ruzmaikin (1982) and the alternate one of Hubbard & Brandenburg (2011), and confirm that with varying levels of non‐locality in the α effect, and possibly shear as well, the saturation field strength can be independent of the magnetic Reynolds number. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solar dynamo models with α ‐effect and turbulent pumping from local 3D convection calculations

Results from kinematic solar dynamo models employing α ‐effect and turbulent pumping from local convection calculations are presented. We estimate the magnitude of these effects to be around 2–3 m s^–1, having scaled the local quantities with the convective velocity at the bottom of the convection zone from a solar mixing‐length model. Rotation profile of the Sun as obtained from helioseismology is applied in the models; we also investigate the effects of the observed surface shear layer on the dynamo solutions. With these choices of the small‐ and large‐scale velocity fields, we obtain estimate of the ratio of the two induction effects, C _α /C _Ω ≈ 10^–3, which we keep fixed in all models. We also include a one‐cell meridional circulation pattern having a magnitude of 10–20 m s^–1 near the surface and 1–2 m s^–1 at the bottom of the convection zone. The model essentially represents a distributed turbulent dynamo, as the α ‐effect is nonzero throughout the convection zone, although it concentrates near the bottom of the convection zone obtaining a maximum around 30° of latitude. Turbulent pumping of the mean fields is predominantly down‐ and equatorward. The anisotropies in the turbulent diffusivity are neglected apart from the fact that the diffusivity is significantly reduced in the overshoot region. We find that, when all these effects are included in the model, it is possible to correctly reproduce many features of the solar activity cycle, namely the correct equatorward migration at low latitudes and the polar branch at high latitudes, and the observed negative sign of B _r B _ϕ . Although the activity clearly shifts towards the equator in comparison to previous models due to the combined action of the α ‐effect peaking at midlatitudes, meridional circulation and latitudinal pumping, most of the activity still occurs at too high latitudes (between 5° … 60°). Other problems include the relatively narrow parameter space within which the preferred solution is dipolar (A0), and the somewhat too short cycle lengths of the solar‐type solutions. The role of the surface shear layer is found to be important only in the case where the α ‐effect has an appreciable magnitude near the surface. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the maximal value of the turbulent α ‐parameter in accretion discs

In this short paper we show that making turbulence two‐rather than three‐dimensional may increase the effective turbulent viscosity by about 40 %. Dimensionless hydrodynamical viscosity parameters up to α_max = 0.25 M_t² may be obtained in this approach, which are in better agreement with the observational data on non‐stationary accretion than the values obtained in numerical simulations. However, the α ‐parameter values known from observations are still several times higher (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Abundance analysis of the γ Doradus–δ Scuti hybrid metallic line (Am) star HD 8801

Low frequency oscillation, typical for γ Doradus g‐mode type stellar core sensitive pulsation, as well as higher frequency δ Scuti type pulsation typical for p ‐modes, sensitive to the envelope, make HD 8801 a remarkable hybrid pulsator with the potential to probe a stellar structure over a wide range of radius. In addition HD 8801 is a rare pulsating metallic line (Am) star. We determined the astro‐physical fundamental parameters to locate HD 8801 in the H‐R diagram. We analyzed the element abundances, paying close attention to the errors involved, and confirm the nature of HD 8801 as a metallic line (Am) star. We also determined an upper limit on the magnetic field strength. Our abundance analysis is based on classical techniques, but uses for the final step a model atmosphere calculated with the abundances determined by us. We also discuss spectropolarimetric observations obtained for HD 8801. This object is remarkable in several respects. It is a nonmagnetic metallic line (Am) star, pulsating simultaneously in p‐ and g‐modes, but also shows oscillations with periods in between these two domains, whose excitation requires explanation. Overall, the pulsational incidence in unevolved classical Am stars is believed to be quite low; HD 8801 does not conform to this picture. Finally, about 75 % of Am stars are located in short‐period binaries, but there is no evidence that HD 8801 has a companion. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Elemental abundance analyses with DAO spectrograms: XXXIII. β UMa (A0mA1 IV‐V), α Dra (A0 III), π Dra (A2 IIIs), and κ Cep (B9 III)

This paper presents extended analyses of β UMa (A0mA1 IV‐V), α Dra (A0 III), π Dra (A2 IIIs), and κ Cep (B9 III) which have previously been studied in this series. α Dra is a metal‐poor star while κ Cep has solar abundances. Both β UMa and π Dra are Am stars. Whenever possible, more accurate and precise gf values replace older values. High S/N (200+) and high dispersion Dominion Astrophysical Observatory spectrograms to the red of previously obtained spectra supplement the observations. The derived rotational velocities are 45, 25, 26, and 23 km s^–1, respectively. These LTE fine analyses use the ATLAS9 and the WIDTH9 programs of R. L. Kurucz. The results of the extended and the previous analyses are in good agreement. Thus in the past decade a significant improvement in the system of gf values has not been achieved although for many lines there have been changes. The use of additional regions has increased the quality of some results (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Measuring ΩM and ΩΛ with long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts

Gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most luminous events in the Universe. In addition, the Universe itself is almost transparent to γ ‐rays, making GRBs detectable up to very high redshifts. As a result, GRBs are very suitable to probe the cosmological parameters. This work shows the potential of long‐duration GRBs for measuring the cosmological parameters Ω_M and Ω_Λ by comparing the observed log N ‐log P distribution with the theoretical one. Provided that the GRBs rate and luminosity function are well determined, the best values and 1σ confidence intervals obtained are Ω_M = 0.22^+0.05_–0.03 and Ω_Λ = 1.06^+0.05_–0.10. Finally, a set of simulations show the ability of the method to measure Ω_M and Ω_Λ (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Magnetic Field Observations of the Ap Star γ Equ

Further investigations of the Ap star γ Equ (SCHOLZ , 1975) showed that a very slow variation of the longitudinal magnetic field exists, with a change of sign in the years 1970/1971. In three spectrograms obtained near of the crossover points of the longitudinal magnetic field hints are given at the presence of a transversal magnetic field of about 3500 Gauß. The radial velocity measurements show no definitive variations.     

Untersuchungen der magnetischen Ap-Sterne 53 Cam und γ Equ

The determination of the radial velocity and the effective magnetic field strength for the peculiar A-type stars 53 Cam and γ Equ lad to the following results 53 Cam: The radial velocity shows a dependence on the excitation, resp. ionization potential in the way that evidently lines with higher excitation potential have higher radial velocity. We cannot explain this result with the rotator model without an essential modification of that. The amount and the time variation of the effective magnetic field agrees only approximately with that determined by BABCOCK. A secular variation may be indicated, but needs further confirmation. The effective magnetic field strength determined from the SiII-line λ = 4130.884 Å shows an essential smaller value than that by the other lines. The investigation of γ Equ yielded the following results: The best way to represent both the radial velocity and the effective magnetic field strength is a period of 1786 days given by STEINITZ and PYPER. We did not find a difference of the radial velocities derived from different lines and no line intensity variations. However, there seems to be observational evidence that short and obvious accidental variations of the radial velocity and effective magnetic field exist.     

UBV-Beobachtungen des δ Scuti Sterns HD 181333

Dcr δ Scuti Stem HD 181 333 wurde im Sommer 1979 in drei NHchten mit dem Z\villi, ngstelrskop im irbu-System beobachtet. Es konnte eine Periode von 0.1277 Tagen bestimmt werden. The δ Scuti star HD 181 333 was observed in summer 1979 during thrce nights with the twin telescope in rrbu-system. A period of 0.1277 days was found.