四川旺苍志留系鲕粒灰岩特征及地质意义

近期在川西北旺苍地区早志留世南江组中首次发现了鲕粒灰岩.它们多以10 cm左右的薄层夹持在页岩或粉砂质泥岩中, 沉积相分析显示该段地层总体应属于均斜缓坡沉积体系.说明这些鲕粒是由异地搬运而来, 在旺苍附近可能会存在相当规模的鲕粒滩.在显微镜下可观察到, 其中的鲕粒类别单一, 鲕粒紧密排列, 并呈现一定程度的压缩变形, 局部壳层呈锯齿状, 也指示这些鲕粒曾经历过高能分选和搬运, 以及压实成岩作用等.氧碳同位素测试显示, 这些鲕粒灰岩沉积时的古温度大体为25~31 ℃, 表明早志留世的上扬子地台应处于中低纬度干热或温暖的古气候带.除去古气候及古地理学方面的意义, 当前鲕粒灰岩的发现还为该区油气勘探提供了重要的储层信息.      

塔里木盆地巴什托普构造带志留系、奥陶系油气藏预测

巴什托普构造带已经发现了石炭系的生物碎屑灰岩油藏,其烃源岩为寒武系—奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩层。推测油气运移必经之路上的志留系圈闭和奥陶系圈闭中可能存在油气藏。对巴什托普构造带石炭系以下志留系和奥陶系的分析表明,志留系下砂岩段与其上覆的红色泥岩段可以构成一个有利的储盖组合,下奥陶统石灰岩段有可能形成石灰岩岩溶并与其上覆志留系巨厚的暗色泥岩段组成一套储盖组合。在巴什托普构造带,在与油源沟通良好、构造圈闭有利的位置上,应该可以形成工业性油气藏。     

The Silurian rocks of the Tortworth Inlier,Gloucestershire

The Silurian succession in the Tortworth Inlier includes strata belonging to the three main divisions of the System. The Upper Llandovery, which rests unconformably on Tremadoc beds, consists of about 700 ft. (213 m.) of fine-grained sandstones, mudstones and shales with two igneous bands. The Wenlock Series is represented by some 800 ft. (244 m.) of mudstones, siltstones and calcareous sandstones with impersistent limestone bands at various horizons. The Ludlow succession is incomplete, but at least 300 ft. (91 m.) of mudstones, siltstones and fine-grained sandstones are present, and they pass up conformably into the Downtonian.     

Geological note: New field evidence resolving the relationship between the Grampians group and the Rocklands Rhyolite,western Victoria

The Rocklands Rhyolite is a latest Silurian to Early Devonian sequence of silicic ignimbrite, lava, volcanic sedimentary rocks and dykes in western Victoria. These volcanic rocks lie west of the Grampians Ranges, which consist of a thick succession of quartz sandstone of presumed Silurian age called the Grampians Group. The previously unresolved stratigraphic relationship between these two sequences of rocks is clarified by an exposed contact between steeply dipping Grampians Group cut by quartz veins, and overlying undeformed rhyolite. The implications of this relationship are that the Grampians Group is older than the Rocklands Rhyolite and that parts of the sandstone succession were locally deformed prior to volcanism. Furthermore, other outlying areas of sandstone and rhyolite, previously correlated with the Grampians Group and Rocklands Rhyolite, respectively, display different timing relationships and are proposed to be significantly younger.     

滇西北拖顶地区志留系的发现

中咱地块南部的志留系有别于三江构造带其他地区的志留系 ,通过区域地质调查研究 ,将这套地层命名为吉仁水组 ,代表中咱地块南部地区志留系的岩相类型 ,时代为志留纪中、晚期。根据岩相类型的差异 ,中咱组可划分为两个岩性段 :第一段主要由白云质灰岩、灰岩、白云岩构成 ;第二段由泥质岩、细粒碎屑岩及白云质灰岩、灰岩、白云岩组成 ,陆源碎屑成分含量较高 ,碳酸盐岩相对较少     

Regional tectonic and megadepositional cycles of the Paleozoic of northwestern and central Saudi Arabia

The Paleozoic succession of the Greater Arabian basin is severely affected by series of major tectonic and climatic events which have caused major stratigraphic breaks and pronounce facies change. The major tectonic movements have resulted in dividing the succession into pronounced megatectonic and depositional cycles. In more tectonically active areas, the succession is less preserved and boundaries between the cycles are more complicated due to longer periods of erosion by later movements and/or nondeposition. Minor stratigraphic breaks within the megacycles subdivide the cycles into smaller subcycles. Following the stabilization of the Arabian–Nubian shield, the Gondwana shelf went through a gentle uplift and tilt probably related to the Assyniyc tectonic movements and thick siliciclastics of the Saq and Qasim Formations were deposited. During Late Caradocian and following the deposition of the Qasim Formation, the area went through a gentle uplift and tilt probably related to the Taconic tectonic movements. Thick succession of the Qasim and Saq Formations were eroded and deep paleovalleys incised in the two formations and underlying basement. The movements were followed by drop of sea level due to glaciation events. Glacial and periglacial deposits of the Zarqa and/or Sarah Formations filled paleovalleys and rest on older units from Ordovician to Precambrian. The third main event occurred during Late Silurian where the preexisting successions, mainly on paleohighs, were affected by tectonic movements synchronous with the Acadian tectonic phase of the Caledonian tectonic movements. The Early Devonian Tawil Formation unconformably rests on eroded Silurian and Late Ordovician deposits of the Sharawra, Qusayba (Qusaiba), and Sarah Formations in the Qusayba Depression in central Arabia. The forth main event is a regional movement contemporaneous with the Hercynian tectonic movement which has reached its maximum phase in the Late Carboniferous. Earlier successions from Carboniferous to Precambrian were affected and the Permo-Carboniferous Shajra Formation unconformably rests on all underlying Paleozoic rock units toward the central Arabia arch and other paleohighs. The Shajra rests on the Devonian Jawbah (Jubah), Jawf (Jauf) and Tawil formations, the Silurian Sharawra, Qusayba, and Uqlah formations, the Ordovician Zarqa/Sarah, and Qasim formations, the Cambro-Ordovician Saq Formation, and finally rests on Precambrian Basement complex in Central Arabia. The tectonic movements played important role in shaping the structural framework of Arabia. The Paleozoic succession included source, reservoir, and seal rocks. Oil and gas have been discovered in sandstone and limestone reservoirs in these rocks in several oilfields in the basin.     

Lithostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Chattisgarh Sequence, its Bearing on the Tectonics and Palaeogeography

The Neoproterozoic Purana succession in the eastern part of Chattisgarh basin around Sarangarh has been classified into a conglomerate-sandstone-shale dominated proximal assemblage, and a lithographic limestone-shale dominated distal assemblage. The proximal assemblage constitutes the Chandarpur Group, and unconformably overlies the Archean crystalline basement complex. The Chandarpur succession has been classified into three formations that were deposited in fan-fan delta, deep water prodelta and storm- tide dominated prograding shelf environments. The distal assemblage, the Raipur Group, conformably overlies the Chandarpur Group, and may be subdivided into two shale-dominated formations separated by a limestone-dominated formation. The limestone sequence, the Sarangarh Limestone, comprises a lower member of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession deposited in a storm dominated shallow water platform, and an upper member of pelagic limestone that grades upward into a deep water shale, the Gunderdehi Shale. The rapid transition from shallow water platformal succession to deep-water pelagic limestone and shale points to abrupt deepening of the basin and drowning of the craton. The peak of transgression is represented by a persistent horizon of black limestone, a product of basin wide anoxia. Disposition of facies belts in proximal and distal assemblages and palaeocurrent directions measured from different facies belts point to a north-northwesterly palaeoslope of the basin. Signatures of intense storm and tidal currents in different litho-units collectively point to an open marine circulation condition. It has been inferred that the basin was connected to a major seaway that skirted the northern and north-western margin of the craton. Development of thick fan-delta sequence at the base of the succession, occurrence of felsic welded tuff within the Gunderdehi Shale, thick sandstone-mudstone cyclothems in the Chandarpur Group, and abrupt drowning of the carbonate platform leading to pelagic sedimentation collectively point to major tectonic control on basin evolution. The basin developed as a cratonic rift and evolved into a deeply subsiding one, without any major stratigraphic hiatus, through episodic tectonic pulses.     

Geochemical features,depositional settings,and provenances of Lower Paleozoic rocks in the Mamyn terrane,Central Asian Fold Belt

New data on geochemical features of the Lower Paleozoic terrigenous rocks in the Mamyn terrane (eastern Central Asian Fold Belt) and U–Pb geochronological studies of the detrital zircon from these rocks are presented. The obtained results suggest the following conclusions. 1. At present, the Kosmataya sequence includes different age Lower Cambrian terrigenous–carbonate and Lower Ordovician terrigenous rocks or represents Lower Ordovician olistostromes including limestone blocks with the Lower Cambrian fauna. Lower Ordovician terrigenous rocks were formed in an island arc or active continental margin, mainly, owing to the erosion of Cambrian–Early Ordovician plutons and volcanics that are widespread in structures of the Mamyn terrane and weakly reworked by the chemical weathering. 2. The Silurian Mamyn Formation was developed at a passive continental margin. The main sources of clastic material for this formation were the same Cambrian–Early Ordovician igneous rocks as for the Cambrian sequence, with the participation of Early Silurian and Vendian igneous complexes. The obtained data significantly refine concepts about the geological structure of the Mamyn terrane, which is a member of the Argun Superterrane, one of the largest tectonic structures in the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt.     

宁强组时代的再认识

<正> 陕西宁强一带的志留系出露整齐,既有产笔石和其它浮游生物的页岩或泥岩层,又有富产珊瑚、层孔虫、海百合、腕足动物等底栖固着生物的碳酸盐岩。两种相型地层呈指状交叉或互成夹层,是扬子地台上富有沉积特色的志留系出露地区。1967年,陈旭、刘第墉,李蔚秾、王俊庚与俞昌民以及四川石油管理局南充地质调查处的同志,将本区的志留系划分为:下志留统龙马溪组、崔家沟组、王家湾组、中志留统杨坡湾组及宁强组。龙马溪组的下伏地层为晚奥陶世五峰页岩。宁强组与上覆地层早二叠世梁山组呈平行不整合接     

鄂东黄石地区中上寒武统风暴岩的发现及意义

鄂东黄石地区中上寒武统中下部发育一套典型的白云质风暴岩.该风暴沉积的底面侵蚀构造清楚,长条形白云质灰岩砾屑具放射状构造或叠瓦状构造,并发育渠铸模、粒序层理和小型波状层理等沉积构造,为典型的浅水风暴岩.该风暴沉积具有原地或近原地特点.根据其中的叠层石和无明显泥裂构造,推测为潮间带-局限潮下带沉积环境.该风暴岩的发现对重建鄂东黄石地区中晚寒武世古地理及区域地层对比具有重要意义.     

上扬子区下古生界层序地层格架的初步研究

上扬子区下古生界在贵州及其邻区发育较为完整。在震旦纪与寒武纪之交的台地淹没事件之后,寒武系形成一个从深水盆地相黑色页岩系到大套台地碳酸盐的沉积序列,其中下寒武统包含5个三级层序而可以进一步归为一个二级层序,中上寒武统构成一个二级层序而且可以进一步划分为7个三级层序。奥陶纪艾家山世末期的都匀运动、奥陶纪末期的与冈瓦纳大陆冰期相响应的全球海平面下降事件以及志留纪末期广西运动的共同作用,造成扬子地台大幅度的古地理变迁以及残留不全的奥陶系和志留系。详尽追踪和对比的结果可以将奥陶系划分为8个三级层序且可以进一步归为一个二级层序,在残留不全的的志留系中可以划分出7个三级层序并可以进一步归为一个二级层序。层序地层格架的建立,可以大致解读许多有趣的地质现象,如寒武纪碳酸盐台地的生长过程,奥陶纪与志留纪之交的“浅海静水”型黑色页岩系的发育特点,志留纪由北而南的海侵所造成的复杂的志留系展布特征等等;同时也意味着许多有待于进一步研究的问题,早寒武世数次快速海侵事件与生物事件的关系,奥陶系顶部特殊的“观音桥灰岩”的成因,奥陶系红花园组海绵生物礁的基本沉积模式等等。     

南黄海盆地中部隆起CSDP-2井志留系-石炭系岩石学特征及其沉积相

目前,大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井是南黄海盆地中部隆起上的唯一深钻,是揭示南黄海中-古生界海相地层时代,恢复其沉积环境和构造运动的基准井。本文针对该井开展岩心描述并进行薄片观察,结合测井数据、古生物化石等资料,将志留系-石炭系划分为下志留统高家边组、侯家塘组、坟头组,上泥盆统五通组,下石炭统高骊山组、和州组,上石炭统黄龙组、船山组。其中,志留系沉积了一套浅海陆棚相的细碎屑岩,沉积物以浅海-滨海相砂泥岩为主;泥盆系五通组同样为碎屑岩沉积,稳定的石英砂岩和紫红色泥岩并存,下部为潮坪相,上部则为三角洲相;而石炭系发育台坪、泻湖、颗粒滩等碳酸盐岩台地亚相,岩性以生屑灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主。区域地层对比表明,南黄海盆地中-古生界海相地层是下扬子区由陆域向海域的延伸,其志留系-石炭系岩性序列与下扬子陆域基本一致。     

黔北-川东南志留系层序格架下的沉积体系演化特征及有利区带预测

黔北—川东南志留系受加里东运动抬升剥蚀仅残留中、下统地层,通过大量钻井及野外露头资料的沉积学研究,应用层序地层学方法,划分出8个三级层序,其中下志留统龙马溪组2个（SSQ1~SSQ2）,石牛栏组或小河坝组2个（SSQ3~SSQ4）,中下志留统韩家店组4个（SSQ5~SSQ8）,识别出三角洲、陆棚、碳酸盐台地3类沉积体系,在等时地层格架中探讨了各沉积体系特征及其平面展布。通过层序地层划分对比及有利沉积相带研究,指出了两类有利储集层:一类为台地浅滩相和台地前缘斜坡相礁滩型生物灰岩、颗粒灰岩储层,主要发育于石牛栏期三级层序SSQ3和SSQ4的高位体系域,纵向上分布于石牛栏组中、上部,横向上分布于研究区南部叙永—习水—观音桥一带;另一类为浅水陆棚碎屑岩储层,主要发育于小河坝期三级层序SSQ4高水位体系域,横向上分布于南川—石柱—利川等地。     

上扬子地台南缘早志留世埃隆期碳酸盐岩岩石学特征及沉积环境

上扬子地台南缘早志留世埃隆期发育的碳酸盐岩,近期揭示具有较好的油气勘探前景,但有关该套岩层的岩石学特征及其沉积环境研究需要进一步深入。论文以野外地质剖面和室内薄片鉴定为基础,对上扬子地台南缘早志留世埃隆期碳酸盐岩开展系统的岩石颗粒组分、岩石类型和沉积环境分析。发现早志留世埃隆期碳酸盐岩颗粒类型主要为生物碎屑,含少量内碎屑与鲕粒;根据曾允孚先生等的碳酸盐岩结构成因分类方案,该地区碳酸盐岩主要有7种类型:包括亮晶鲕粒灰岩、亮晶生物屑灰岩、珊瑚礁灰岩、亮晶砂屑灰岩、砂屑-生物屑微晶灰岩、微晶砂屑灰岩和微晶灰岩。根据岩石学特征和野外露头分析,认为在早志留世埃隆期研究区从早期到晚期沉积环境经历了碳酸盐缓坡到碳酸盐台地的转变,并发育了外缓坡、内缓坡、台地边缘斜坡、台地边缘滩、台地边缘生物礁、开阔台地等亚相。以三级层序为编图单元,揭示了礁滩沉积区域展布特征,生物礁滩体主要发育于SQ2层序,具有环带状展布的特征。     

Stochastic analysis of complex lithological successions

It is difficult to develop stochastic models for complex lithological sequences that are typically associated with intertidal-supratidal depositional environments. A sequence from the Upper Silurian Leopold Formation on eastern Somerset Island is used to demonstrate that a combination of cluster analysis, Markov Chain analysis, and substitutability analysis can give considerable insight into the nature of such complex successions. The high variability of this sequence was created by a combination of (a) variation in the depositional environment, (b) variation in the degree of dolomitization, (c) variation in the clastic influx, (d) random highenergy (possibly storm associated events) and (e) random breaks in the succession of depositional environments.     

STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE LITHOSPHERE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE VORONEZH CRYSTALLINE MASSIF

The Late Precambrian through Silurian tectonic evolution of east-central South China is modeled in terms of a history of rift, drift, and collision during Late Proterozoic, Sinian, and Late Ordovician-Early Silurian times, respectively. We review the regional stratigraphie development of this area, focusing particularly on north-central Hunan province, and argue from our observations and those of others that the Jiangnan, Xuefeng, and Jiuling ranges of the Nanling realm approximately demarcate the paleogeographic transition in Sinian to Ordovician times of shelf to off-shelf environments developed along a passive-type continental margin that started rifting in the pre-Sinian Late Proterozoic. The rift sequence is recorded by the Penhsi (= Banxi) Group, which rests unconformably above an older-presumed Middle to early Late Proterozoic-low-grade metamorphic basement. The Penhsi varies markedly in thickness but is everywhere characterized by nonmarine to paralic clastic facies. The Penhsi conformably to disconformably underlies the Sinian through Lower Paleozoic sequence throughout central South China, which developed along an E-facing, passive-type continental margin. This passive-type margin was destroyed by the Guangxian Orogeny. The Guangxian Orogeny was marked initially by the northwestward progradation of deep-marine turbidites of Late Ordovician age in the most off-shelf regions, progressing to earliest Silurian age on the shelf to the northwest. Folding and concomitant thrusting in the off-shelf regions, and subsequent erosion beneath the unconformably overlying nonmarine Middle Devonian strata, truncate the stratigraphie record of the orogen within the Early Silurian. Farther northwest, in regions undisturbed by the Guangxian Orogeny, Silurian foreland-basin sedimentation included the entire Lower Silurian succession, which grades rapidly upward from basinal to inter-tonguing marine and nonmarine elastics. This reflects a change from flexurally induced subsidence first outpacing local sedimentation, followed by sedimentation outstripping and then keeping pace with subsidence.     

川西北地区早志留世风暴岩及其环境与古生态意义

研究区为扬子地块西北缘的一套巨厚页岩、泥岩层,间夹生物礁、生物丘及透镜状和不规则层状风暴生屑灰岩。根据风暴岩的地层分布及岩石学特征,作者将三类不同层位的风暴岩划分为A,B,C,D,E五类:A、B型为近源风暴岩,C、D及E型为远源风暴岩。从A型到E型反映出风暴能量逐渐减弱,水体加深的趋势。由于生物碎屑层形成在泥质陆架上,使生境的底质性质发生变化,造成底栖生物群落从适于泥底生活的内栖生物群落通过埋藏反馈作用转变为表栖固着生物群落,形成众多的礁及丘。一般A型风暴岩是本区礁的基底;B型因其沉积位置较A型深且规模小,仅在少数地方可见其上发育丘₁C型风暴岩之上可见生物层;而D、E型不适于表栖固着生物发育,其上均为泥页岩所覆盖。     

西秦岭铀成矿带中志留系硅岩灰岩的成因研究

通过大量的剖面测制和室内分析，从岩石的地质产状、岩石学及地球化学特别是稀土元素地球化学方面研究了西秦岭铀成矿带中硅、灰岩的成因。原始沉积的泥晶灰岩和球粒泥晶灰岩沉积于水下高地较低能环境，球粒主要为粪球粒及少量硅质生物体。硅岩具生物化学沉积（Ｉ类）和由灰岩硅化（交代）成因（Ｉ类）两种成因类型，它们在地质产状、结构构造、常量元素及稀土元素地球化学等方面都存在显著差异。在综合分析的基础上建立了西秦岭铀成矿带早志留世沉积环境模式