2013年夏季琼东海域营养盐与叶绿素a的周日波动及其影响因素

基于2013年8月琼东海域两个连续站的观测资料,对比分析了近岸站位和陆架站位的营养盐和叶绿素a浓度周日变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:在垂直分布上,近岸站位S1与陆架站位S2的温跃层减弱了营养盐的向上输运;在时间变化上,S1站底层硅酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度具有半日波动的特点,而S2站的营养盐则不具有周日波动的现象,这说明近岸站位的营养盐受到潮汐作用的影响更显著。S1站的叶绿素a分层不明显,夜间的低值可能体现浮游动物的摄食作用,S2站位的叶绿素a分层明显,夜间没体现浮游动物的摄食作用。总体上,琼东海域近岸站位S1和陆架区站位S2叶绿素a和营养盐周日波动都受到温跃层、潮汐、生物作用和光照的影响,但S1站受潮汐作用影响更显著,且S1站叶绿素a浓度还受到浮游动物摄食作用影响。由于叶绿素a和营养盐受到多种环境要素的影响,使得两者相关性不显著。     

东、黄海典型海区分粒级浮游植物叶绿素a的周日波动及影响因子

本文分析了东、黄海典型海区3个测站在2000~2003年间4个航次的叶绿素a周日变动特征,结果表明由于地理环境、水文特征以及季节差异,各海区叶绿素a表现出各自不同的变动特点.在东海陆架区,日变化上表层各粒级主要以半日周期为主,受黑潮入侵程度不同而略有变化;长江口由于受到潮汐的影响,各粒级的日变化同潮汐的涨落相对应,主要为半日周期;黄海中部海区叶绿素a尤其是NANO级浮游植物在周日变化上以全日周期为主,受黄海冷水团强弱不同而不同.本文进一步应用渐近回归初步分析了多种环境因子对叶绿素a周日变化的影响.     

南沙渚碧礁生态系有机碳的分布及周日变化特征

1999 年 4 月对我国南沙群岛渚碧礁海水中溶解有机碳的分布及礁坪区颗粒有机碳 (POC) 和溶解有机碳 (DOC) 的周日变化特征进行了观测。结果表明,渚碧礁表层海水 DOC 变化范围为 1.43~3.62 mg/L,平均为 2.16 mg/L,含量分布大致表现为礁坪区>潟湖>礁外。潟湖 DOC 的垂直分布大致表现为表层高于底层,可能与表层浮游植物的光合作用有关。礁坪区 POC 及 DOC 都呈现显著的周日变化特征,POC 呈现夜晚高,白天低的特点,浮游植物的昼夜垂直移动可能是产生该现象的主要原因。DOC 的周日变化则主要受浮游动物昼夜垂直移动及细菌等生物活动的影响。     

长江口叶绿素a浓度的周日变化

2006 年 6 月 16 日和 20 日对长江口进行了叶绿素 a 浓度的现场周日监测.监测结果显示:叶绿素 a 浓度表层周日波动比中、底层明显,呈现出半日周期(～ 11 h)的变化,高潮时浓度达到峰值,低潮时浓度出现谷值.叶绿素 a 浓度的周日变化主要与海域特定的水动力条件(如潮汐、再悬浮作用和温盐跃层)密切相关,与各环境因子(温度、盐度、浊度、总无机氮、磷酸盐和硅酸盐)的周日波动没有显著的相关关系.     

台湾海峡中、北部夏季叶绿素a分布与上升流的关系

根据１９８７年夏季（７月）的调查结果，讨论了台湾海峡中、北部叶绿素ａ的分布与上升流存在的密切关系。在调查海区，高叶绿素ａ含量均处于福建沿岸低温、高盐的上升流区。其垂直分布的最大值在１０—２０ｍ层之间，与上升流锋层的位置相吻合。文中还讨论了该海区沿岸上升流的中心位置及上升流的成因。     

台湾海峡中,北部夏季叶绿素a分布与上升流的关系

根据１９８７年夏季（７月）的调查结果，讨论了台湾海峡中，北部叶绿素ａ的分布上升流存在的密切关系，在调查海区，高叶绿素ａ含量均处于福建沿岸低温、高盐的上升流区。其垂直分布的最值为１０－２０ｍ层之间，与上升流锋层的位置相吻合，文中还讨论了该海区沿岸上升流的中心位置及上升流的成因。     

黄海、东海颗粒有机碳的分布特征及其影响因子分析

分析研究了2001年春季黄海、东海颗粒有机碳(POC),结果表明POC的浓度为2~3815μg/dm3,其平面分布呈现近岸高、远岸低的特点.海水表层POC浓度与三磷酸腺苷(ATP)呈显著的正相关,这表明2001年真光层POC主要是海洋生物源.对不同海区POC垂直分布的影响因素做了探讨:长江口附近受总悬浮颗粒物浓度的影响,POC呈现表层低、底层高的特征;陆架区POC的垂直分布是生物活动与水文条件(海水混合、层化)等因素共同作用的结果;在离岸较远的深水区,影响POC垂直分布的主要因素是大洋海水的性质.由海区4个周日连续站的观测结果得知黄海区POC的周日变化主要受生物周日活动的影响,而在东海区POC周日变化除了受生物周日活动影响外,还分别受到潮汐作用以及海水水团周日变化等因素的影响.     

黄骅虾池中叶绿素a浓度及其与赤潮的关系

本文通过１９９０－１９９２年对黄骅沿海虾池中叶绿素ａ含量的监测及其变化的研究，反映了３ａ来虾池中叶绿素ａ含量的变化及其特下，揭示了叶绿素ａ含量与赤潮的关系。     

夏季大连湾溶解氧分布变化特征及其与营养盐的关系

根据2006年7月大连湾海域溶解氧的实测数据及相关同步调查资料,对溶解氧含量分布、周日变化及其与营养盐的关系进行了分析.结果表明:夏季大连湾表底层溶解氧平面分布趋势一致,均表现为湾里和近岸低,且自湾里向湾口外逐渐增大的趋势,潮流场的分布是这一分布趋势形成的关键原因所在.夏季大连湾表底层溶解氧周日变化影响因素各不相同,表层溶解氧白天受浮游植物影响显著,夜晚表现出一定潮汐性,而底层溶解氧周日变化趋势与盐度相一致,但时间滞后,呈现出较显著的潮汐性.该海域营养盐的再生与溶解氧有着密切的关系,尤其是NH4-N、P04-P与表观耗氧量呈现非常好的相关性,无机氮中NH4-N是有机物氧化的主要产物.本海域N、P营养元素中N是初级生产力的主要控制因素,ACN /ACp比值偏低并不是氮的含量低,而是因为磷的含量相对比较高导致了该海域N、P比值的失衡.     

烟、威海区鲐鱼渔场中浮游动物的昼夜垂直分布

本文所报告的是在烟、威海区鮐魚漁汛期所进行的两次定点周日调查的结果。分析的种类主要的是鮐魚的食物,包括细长脚(虫戍)(Themisto gracilipes Norman)强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa Tokioka)太平洋哲镖溞(Calanus pacificas Brodsky)和十足目幼虫(Decopod larva)等。 从分析得到以下初步结果: 一、所调查的浮游动物的垂直分布表现有明显的周日变化,说明它们都有周日垂直移动。 二、上述浮游动物表现有午夜下沉和黎明上升现象,其中以太平洋哲镖水蚤和强壮箭虫表现得较明显。 三、参攷着本海区在调查期间的温度垂直分布情况来看,这些动物的垂直移动在温跃层处受到水文情况变化的影响。 四、在分析的资料中还发现一些其他浮游动物如腹针剌镖水蚤有周日垂直移动现象,一些底部生活的动物如钩虾亚目端足类,细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis Stimpson)和多毛类环节动物等在夜间进入水层中,最高分布到5M(钩虾亚目和多毛类)或OM水层(细螯虾)。这些动物在鮐魚胃含物中也有出现。 本文讨论了所调查的动物的昼夜垂直分布和鮐魚摄食情况的关系。 本文还计算了各类浮游动物的垂直移动幅度D(分布中心的移动)和垂直移动中的活动量A(D×生物量,本文所用为相对数值)。并用它们来比较各种动物的垂直移动强度,以及这些动物在全部浮     

2006—2007年夏、冬季浙东海域叶绿素a分布特征及其环境影响因子

为更清楚了解浙东海域浮游植物的初级生产力情况,于2006年8月(夏季)和2007年1月(冬季)在浙东海域28°00′～30°00′N、122°00′～127°30′E设置了3条调查断面,共布设25个观测站位,现场采用荧光连续法对叶绿素a进行测定,初步研究了该海域叶绿素a的空间分布特征,并探讨了水体温度、营养盐和浊度对叶绿素a分布的影响。结果表明:夏季,叶绿素a分布趋势为近岸(平均质量浓度为2.01μg/L)>外海(平均质量浓度为0.52μg/L),其主要垂直分布类型为递增型、递减型和单峰型;冬季,叶绿素a分布趋势为外海(平均质量浓度为0.50μg/L)>近岸(平均质量浓度为0.33μg/L),主要垂直分布类型为递增型、均匀型、单峰型和双峰型。夏季调查海域浮游植物叶绿素a平均质量浓度为0.93μg/L,明显高于冬季(0.46μg/L)。温度、营养盐和浊度是影响研究区夏、冬季叶绿素a分布的主要环境因子。     

Coupling of linear waves and a hybrid porous TLP

An analytical solution has been developed in this paper to quantify the flow field and the surge motion of a porous tension leg platform with an impermeable top layer induced by linear waves. The porous layer of the TLP is considered to be anisotropic but homogeneous. The nonlinear form drag in the porous layer is replaced by a linear drag according to Lorentz’s hypothesis of equivalent work. The convergence of the series solution is verified. The dependence of the flow field, the surge motion of the platform, and its resonant frequency on wave and structure properties has been studied.     

黄海冷水团夏季叶绿素垂向分布结构的影响机制

通过求解海冷水团叶绿素一维模式控制方程，首次对风搅拌混合、潮混合和光衰减强度的影响机制进行了解析研究。结果表明，湍流湿合过程和光的衰减强度对叶绿素夏季垂向分布结构具有重要影响。增强海面风搅拌合作用的结果，导致叶绿素表层分布趋于均匀；增强潮温合，导致叶绿素最大值增加，最大值的位置向海面抬升；减少光的衰减强度，导致叶绿素最大值增加，最大值的位置下沉。     

Diurnal changes in bacterial communities in oxic surface and hypoxic middle seawater layers of the Changjiang River Estuary

The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) in the East China Sea suffers from seasonal hypoxia in summer. The vertical distributions and seasonal changes of microbial communities in the CRE were well documented. However, little is known about the diurnal changes of bacterial communities in the hypoxic zone of the CRE. Here, 16 S rRNA gene analysis was used to explore the changes of bacterial communities in the oxic surface and hypoxic middle seawater layers during 24 h in the CRE. Significant differences between the hypoxic and oxic layers were observed:the phyla Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidimicrobiia were enriched in the oxic layer, whereas the phylum SAR406 and the class Deltaproteobacteria were more abundant in the hypoxic layer. In addition, some subtle diurnal variations of the bacterial relative abundance were found in both two layers. The relative abundance of Synechococcus increased at night, and this change was more obvious in the hypoxic layer. The similar trend was also found in some phototrophic and several heterotrophic bacteria, such as Rhodobacteraceae, OM60 and Flavobacteriaceae. Their relative abundances peaked at 16:00 in the oxic layer, while the relative abundances peaked at around 7:00 and decreased until 13:00 in the hypoxic layer. Together, the results of the present study suggest that some photosynthetic bacteria and several heterotrophic bacteria have similar diurnal variations implying the light and physicochemical heterogeneity in the course of a day are important for bacterial diurnal changes in the CRE.     

赤潮发生机理研究──海洋原甲藻的氮营养生理特征

于１９９１年１月－１９９１年１２月，以不同浓度的硝态氮（２０，６０，２００，６００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）研究对赤潮生物海洋原甲藻的生长和生化组成的影响，及其营养生理特性，结果表明，在氮浓度为２００和６００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，表现光合作用强，细胞生长快，指数生长期长，叶绿素含量高，提示了由原甲藻爆发引起的赤潮与海洋富营养化有直接关系，结果还表明，海洋原甲藻可以累积蛋白质和碳水化合物，当外界氮源不能满足生长需要时     

超强台风“利奇马”(1909)强度变化与降水结构分析

利用新一代GPM IMERG卫星遥感反演降水数据产品以及NCEP提供的海表温度(SST)、海(陆)-气界面热通量和风场等资料,对超强台风"利奇马"(1909)强度变化和降水结构特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)2019年8月4日14:00至9日02:00,显著减弱的环境垂直风切变、SST为29.6～30.4℃的海域为"利奇马"提供的感热和大量潜热以及"利奇马"环流东侧极为强盛的偏南风低空急流向其输送充足的水汽和能量,使"利奇马"强度呈显著增强的趋势。2019年8月9日08:00至13日08:00,随着"利奇马"逐渐靠近陆地并登陆,显著增强的垂直风切变、"利奇马"从海洋(陆地)获得的潜热显著减小并且同时失去感热、"利奇马"环流东侧偏南风低空急流的显著减弱、对流层中低层干冷空气侵入"利奇马"环流以及"利奇马"登陆后受到陆面摩擦,使"利奇马"强度显著减弱。(2)当"利奇马"处于中等强度以上的垂直风切变环境中时(垂直风切变≥5 m/s),无论其移动缓慢(移速<5 m/s),还是移动快速(移速≥5 m/s),垂直风切变对其内(距台风中心100 km半径范围)、外雨带(距台风中心100～300 ...     

Identification and classification of vertical chlorophyll patterns in the Benguela upwelling system and Angola-Benguela front using an artificial neural network

Information on the vertical chlorophyll structure in the ocean is important for estimating integrated chlorophyll a and primary production from satellite. For this study, vertical chlorophyll profiles from the Benguela upwelling system and the Angola-Benguela front were collected in winter to identify characteristic profiles. A shifted Gaussian model was fitted to each profile to estimate four parameters that defined the shape of the curve: the background chlorophyll concentration (B ₀), the height parameter of the peak (h), the width of the peak (σ) and the depth of the chlorophyll peak (z_m ). A type of artificial neural network called a self-organizing map (SOM) was then used on these four parameters to identify characteristic profiles. The analysis identified a continuum of chlorophyll patterns, from those with large surface peaks (>10 mg m^?3) to those with smaller near-surface peaks (<2 mg m^?3). The frequency of occurrence of each chlorophyll pattern identified by the SOM showed that the most frequent pattern (～12%) had a near-surface peak and the least frequent pattern (～2%) had a large surface peak. These characteristic profile shapes were then related to pertinent environmental variables such as sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll, mixed layer depth and euphotic depth. Partitioning the SOM output map into environmental categories showed large peaks of surface chlorophyll dominating in water with cool temperature, high surface chlorophyll concentration and shallow mixed layer and euphotic depth. By contrast, smaller peaks of subsurface chlorophyll were in water with warmer temperature, lower surface chlorophyll concentration, intermediate mixed layer and deep euphotic depth. These relationships can be used semi-quantitatively to predict profile shape under different environmental conditions. The SOM analysis highlighted the large variability in shape of vertical chlorophyll profiles in the Benguela. This suggests that an ideal typical chlorophyll profile, as used in the framework of biogeochemical provinces, may not be applicable to this dynamic upwelling system.     

2008年夏季白令海粒度分级叶绿素a和初级生产力

2008年7月我国第三次北极科学考察中在白令海不同区域设立BR断面、NB断面和BS断面,对200 m以浅海水进行叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的现场观测,对部分观测站进行微型、微微型光合浮游生物的粒级结构分析,结果表明,在白令海叶绿素a和初级生产力区域性特征明显,深海海盆中BR断面表层叶绿素a浓度为0.190～0.976μg...     

Vertical distribution of suspended particulate matter in the Caspian Sea in early summer

The features of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and its isotopic composition, total suspended particulate matter (SPM), and the structure of the phytoplankton community in the Middle and South Caspian Sea in May–June 2012 are discussed. The subsurface chlorophyll a maximum (SCM) was found everywhere at depths of ~20 to 40–60 m. The position of this layer is confined to the depth of the seasonal thermocline, which is determined by the development of a cold-water (dark) phytocenosis. The genesis of this layer was studied. The increase in chlorophyll a concentration in this layer is caused by an abundance of phytoplankton or an increased concentration of this phytopigments per algal cell. The highest values of the studied organic compounds and phytoplankton biomass are revealed as close to the seasonal thermocline extending from the southern periphery of the Derbent Depression to the Apsheron Sill, which is determined by the bottom topography. The presence of chlorophyll a at depths exceeding 300 m (up to ≥1 mg/m³) was revealed. This was supported by findings of individual algal cells containing chlorophyll a and even their accumulations in the deep water layer. The most probable mechanisms responsible for the presence of these cells at the deep water level are discussed in the paper. The vertical distribution of the values of the organic carbon isotopic composition is primarily controlled by the vertical structure of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a in the water column up to ~500 m and by biogeochemical processes at the redox barrier (~600 m layer). The relative stability of chlorophyll a and the stability of pheophytin a in anaerobic environments were verified. A significant amount of weakly transformed chlorophyll a was found close the sea bottom.     

珠江口海域叶绿素a质量浓度SAR反演模型

以珠江口海域的Radarsatt-2全极化SAR数据和海域表层水面叶绿素a质量浓度实测数据为基础,利用微波散射原理及Cloude Pottier理论对SAR图像进行分解,得到平均散射角a、散射熵H及VH、VV、HH、HV等6个参数;采用BP人工神经网络模型建立上述6个参数与叶绿素a质量浓度的数学关系模型,并结合实测数据对叶绿素a质量浓度进行分类。结果表明:当隐含层节点数为9,输入层和隐含层传递函数分别为tansig和logsig,学习速率和动量系数均为0.2时的网络结构对叶绿素质量浓度反演取得了较好的效果,叶绿素a质量浓度实测值与预测值之间的决定系数(R~2)为0.826。将模型应用于不同时期的2幅图像进行验证,效果良好,与实际情况基本相符。