广西八渡卡林型金矿床含金硫化物矿物学与地球化学研究

<正>桂西北卡林型金矿是滇黔桂"金三角"的重要组成部分,该区已发现八渡、高龙、金牙、明山、隆或等矿床(点)、矿化点40余处。尽管前人对桂西北金矿进行了大量研究(吴江等,1993;国家辉,1994a,b,c,1996,2000,2002;谢世业等,2006;张敏等,2011),但对八渡金矿床解剖较少(肖龙,1997;谢世业等,2006;覃少耀等,2012),其总体认识程度偏低,尤其是对其载金     

桂东金矿床的成因矿物学研究

桂东金矿产于寒武系水口群浅变质砂页岩内，石英和黄铁矿是各类金矿中主要的载金矿物，成因矿物学标型特征表明，矿床可分为变质热液，岩浆热液和复合迭加型，以后者为主。据硫，铅，氢，氧同位素组成特征，结合石英的含金性，晶胞参数和热发光性及黄铁矿微量元素等成因信息，论证了成矿物来源，成矿流体性质与成矿的关系，金的富集是处于造山带构造环境，经历加里东运动及其以后构造－岩浆活动多次迭加的长期演化结果，据矿物的标型     

滇东南底圩金矿床矿物学与地球化学研究

位于右江盆地南部的滇东南底圩金矿床是近年来新发现的一处金矿床,为理清其成因,对不同类型矿石和赋矿围岩进行了主、微量元素及硫化物的硫同位素分析.结果表明,相较于赋矿围岩,矿石中明显富集Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl、S、K、C元素,应为热液带入;而Si、Mg、Fe、Zr 和Th在矿石和围岩中变化不大,Fe主要来源于赋矿围岩...     

云南墨江金矿床含金硅质岩的地球化学特征和成因

中石炭统金厂组（Ｃ２ｊ）下部含金硅质岩是云南墨江金矿庆的主要围岩之一,具有沉积结构构造,含热水沉积矿物。岩石的ＦｅＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ａｕ和Ａｇ含量高;Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｏ含量高、变化大;ＭｎＯ／ＴｉＯ２和ＴＦｅ／ＴｉＯ２比值较大;Ａｕ含量与ＮｉＣｒ含量相关性低,Ａｕ可能不是后期热液作用带入的。在判别硅质岩形成作用的一系列元素和微量元素关系图上,含金硅质岩位于热水沉积作用的范围内或接近于热水沉积作用。岩石     

湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床黄铁矿矿物学研究

本结合矿床地质背景，从时间空间分布，晶体形态，化学成分（包括主成分，微量元素，元素对比值，元素组合等）晶胞参数，热电性，反射光谱等方面对黄铁矿进行比较详细的研究，确定了本矿床黄铁矿在上述诸方面的标型特征，为指导找矿勘探提供了重要的理论依据。     

西秦岭完肯金矿床载金硫化物矿物学和地球化学特征

西秦岭造山带在晚三叠世期间由华北板块和华南板块碰撞拼合而成。其地质演化历史复杂,岩浆活动频繁,矿产资源丰富,区内累计探明黄金储量大于1 200 t。然而,金矿床成因还存在卡林型、造山型、岩浆热液型和与侵入体相关等多种观点。完肯金矿床金资源量约3.5 t,位于西秦岭造山带西南段,赋存于下三叠统隆务河组浅变质沉积岩中,矿体主要受近EW和NW-SE向断裂控制,主要发育浸染状和细脉网脉状矿化,是区域内典型金矿床,也是理想的研究对象。本文通过开展岩石学、矿相学和载金硫化物地球化学研究,拟查明金的赋存状态,并探讨其矿床成因。研究表明完肯金矿床成矿作用可以分为3个阶段：成矿早阶段为黄铁矿(Py1)-石英-绢云母-绿泥石阶段;成矿主阶段为黄铁矿(Py2)-毒砂-石英-绢云母-绿泥石阶段;成矿晚阶段为石英-方解石-闪锌矿-方铅矿-辉锑矿阶段。电子探针分析数据(已检出的样品)显示黄铁矿金的含量(质量分数)为0.11%～0.24%,毒砂和闪锌矿金的含量分别为0.11%～0.28%和0.16%～0.37%。黄铁矿、毒砂样品中的金含量大多低于检测限,闪锌矿样品中金含量相对较高,70%的测点金含量高于0.15%,...     

平顶山金矿床黄铁矿晶体形态学研究及其找矿意义

平顶山金矿床的黄铁矿晶体形态研究表明，产于不同地质体的黄铁矿晶体表面微形貌有较大的差异，这种差异反映了黄铁矿结晶时的环境特点，不同时期形成的黄铁矿在晶体形态和粒度上是有差异的，并且含金性亦不同，晶形好粒度大的黄铁矿含金性差，细粒它形的黄铁矿则含金性好。     

硫化物表面上合成金的矿物学研究

本文对人工合成的金晶体进行了化学成分、形貌特征、分布规律等内容的矿物学研究．研究发现：电镜下金颗粒多里等轴花瓣形,为自然金晶体的不规则集合体．能谱测试结果显示,金晶体的化学成分相当纯净。实验还发现,金颗粒在黄铁矿表面上并非均匀分布,多集中分布在晶棱、角顶和晶面凹形缺陷等高能量位置．{210}晶形表面上的金颗粒数目多于｛100｝晶形表面上的金颗粒。     

平顶山金矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征

平顶山金矿床的矿石、石英脉、蚀变花岗岩、细晶闪长岩及蚀变闪长玢岩等的稀土元素地球化学特征是：蚀变花岗岩、矿石、石英脉三者的稀土配分曲线基本相似,轻稀土富集型而重稀土则相对较贫。而蚀变闪长玢岩脉及细晶岩脉的稀土总量较前三者高出许多,具较明显的铕负异常。这些特征指示了成矿热液可能来源于花岗岩侵入后的岩浆期后热液。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite from the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou, China: implications for gold depositional processes

Arsenian pyrite in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou, China, is the major host for gold with 300 to 4,000 ppm Au and 0.65 to 14.1 wt.% As. Electron miroprobe data show a negative correlation of As and S in arsenian pyrite, which is consistent with the substitution of As for S in the pyrite structure. The relatively homogeneous distribution of gold in arsenian pyrite and a positive correlation of As and Au, with Au/As ratios below the solubility limit of gold in arsenian pyrite, suggest that invisible gold is likely present as Au¹⁺ in a structurally bound Au complex in arsenian pyrite. Geochemical modeling using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of fluid inclusions for the major ore forming stage shows that the dominant Au species were Au(HS)₂⁻ (77%) and AuHS_(aq)⁰ (23%). Gold-hydroxyl and Gold-chloride complexes were negligible. The ore fluid was undersaturated with respect to native Au, with a saturation index of −3.8. The predominant As species was H₃AsO₃⁰ _(aq). Pyrite in the Shuiyindong deposit shows chemical zonation with rims richer in As and Au than cores, reflecting the chemical evolution of the ore-bearing fluids. The early ore fluids had relatively high activities of As and Au, to deposit unzoned and zoned arsenian pyrite that host most gold in the deposit. The ore fluids then became depleted in Au and As and formed As-poor pyrite overgrowth rims on gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. Arsenopyrite overgrowth aggregates on arsenian pyrite indicate a late fluid with relatively high activity of As. The lack of evidence of boiling and the low iron content of fluid inclusions in quartz, suggest that iron in arsenian pyrite was most likely derived from dissolution of ferroan minerals in the host rocks, with sulfidation of the dissolved iron by H₂S-rich ore fluids being the most important mechanism of gold deposition in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type deposit.     

三山岛金矿床载金硫化物特征及其地质意义

三山岛金矿床和焦家金矿床虽然均为“焦家式金矿”的典型代表,但两者的矿物共生组合、载金硫化物矿物成分特点、金矿物的成色,以及围岩蚀变类型、强度,矿化阶段的发育情况等都有明显的差异。三山岛金矿床的毒砂、砷黝铜矿含量较高,黄铜矿的Cu／Fe、方铅矿的Pb／S也较高。这些特征与三山岛金矿的多金属硫化物阶段更发育的事实一致,反映了该矿床可能在矿床(或矿体)分带方面表现了比焦家金矿较浅部较外围的特征,这对深部远景具有指示意义。     

江南造山带万古金矿床含金硫化物组构与金沉淀机制SCIEI北大核心CSCD

万古金矿床位于江南造山带中部,赋存于新元古界冷家溪群浅变质岩系中,受NNE-NE向长沙-平江断裂带和近EW向九岭-清水韧性剪切带联合控制,金资源量约85t。其主要矿石类型为毒砂-黄铁绢英岩型和石英-硫化物脉型,其次为构造角砾岩型。毒砂和黄铁矿为该矿床主要的载金矿物,分布广泛。金成矿作用可分为四个阶段,I为乳白色石英-绢云母-白钨矿阶段;Ⅱ为烟灰色石英-绢云母-毒砂-黄铁矿-金阶段;Ⅲ为烟灰色石英-绢云母-黄铁矿-毒砂-多金属硫化物-金阶段;IV为乳白色石英-方解石阶段。其中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为成矿主阶段。根据成矿主阶段毒砂电子探针分析结果,Ⅱ阶段毒砂中As的含量在42.19%~44.84%之间,均值为43.42%(n=56),Ⅲ阶段毒砂中As的含量在40.08%~43.36%之间,均值为42.08%(n=19)。通过毒砂温度计相图估算出Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段的形成温度和硫逸度分别为364±21℃、319±22℃和10^(-9.7)~10^(-7)、10^(-11.5)~10_(-8.6)。电子探针数据揭示的载金毒砂和黄铁矿中不可见金含量分别为0.01%~0.66%和0.01%~0.11%。黄铁矿Au-As元素投点分布于金溶解度曲线两侧,说明其内金主要以纳米级颗粒和固溶体金或晶格金的形式赋存;其中Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿纳米级金颗粒占比为73.33%,多于Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿(67.80%)。以上数据说明在水岩反应过程中,围岩中的含铁矿物与成矿流体中的H;S发生反应,生成毒砂和黄铁矿。伴随着强烈的水岩反应,成矿温度和硫逸度降低,成矿Ⅱ阶段至Ⅲ阶段主要载金硫化物由毒砂转变为黄铁矿,强烈的硫化作用导致金-硫络合物失稳并释放金,金以置换的方式进入硫化物晶格或以显微-超显微金颗粒的形式沉淀,形成含金硫化物;即硫化作用是导致万古矿床不可见金沉淀的主导机制。     

Mineralogy,geochemistry, and structural controls of a disseminated gold-bearing alteration halo around the schist-hosted Bullendale orogenic gold deposit,New Zealand

Orogenic gold-bearing quartz veins in the middle Tertiary Bullendale Fault Zone, New Zealand were mined historically for coarse gold in a narrow zone (ca. 5 m thick). However, recent drilling has revealed a broad hydrothermal alteration zone extending into the host schist, in which disseminated sulphide and gold mineralisation has occurred. The evidence of alteration is first seen over 150 m across strike from the fault zone, and the best-developed alteration halo is about 50 m wide. The extent and intensity of alteration is strongly controlled by local structures that developed during regional Tertiary kink folding of the pervasively foliated and fissile metasedimentary schist host. The earliest structures are foliation-parallel microshears (micron to millimeter scale) formed during flexural-slip folding. Later, but related, structures are predominantly normal faults and associated shear zones that have formed extensional sites during the regional folding event. All these structures facilitated hydrothermal fluid penetration and rock alteration, with localised vein formation and brecciation. Where fluid has followed structures, metamorphic chlorite, phengite, and titanite have been altered to hydrothermal ankerite, rutile, and muscovite or kaolinite. Ankerite with Fe/(Fe + Mg) < 0.4 formed in host rocks with Fe/(Fe + Mg) of 0.6, and iron released by ankerite alteration possibly formed pyrite and arsenopyrite that host disseminated gold. Fault zones were extensively silicified and veined with quartz, albite, sulphides, and gold. Host rocks have wide compositional variations because of centimeter-scale metamorphic segregation. However, the alteration halo is characterised by elevated CO₂ and S, as measured by loss-on-ignition (doubled to ca. 6 wt.%), elevated As (100–10,000 ppm), and weakly elevated Sb (up to 14 ppm). Strontium is elevated and Ba depleted in many altered rocks, so Sr/Ba ratio increases from < 1 (host rocks) to > 3 in the most altered and silicified rocks. Many altered and mineralised rocks have low Sr/Ba (< 0.5) as well. The subtle geochemical signature is not useful as a vector to ore because of the strong microstructural control on alteration. Likewise, there is no evidence for spatial mineralogical zonation across the alteration halo, although the most intense alteration is centred on the main fault zone, and intensity of alteration is controlled by microstructures at all scales. As documented in previous studies, hydrothermal alteration haloes enlarge the exploration target for some orogenic gold deposits, and may include disseminated gold, as in this Bullendale example.     

云南者桑金矿床载金矿物标型特征研究

者桑金矿床处在滇黔桂“金三角”构造带中,该矿床的形成经历了沉积成岩期、热液成矿期及表生氧化期,黄铁矿及毒砂为矿床的重要载金矿物。通过岩相学特征、标型矿物研究,发现热液成矿Ⅰ阶段中主要载金矿物为毒砂,热液成矿Ⅱ阶段为金矿化最主要阶段,主要载金矿物为黄铁矿。黄铁矿呈胶状、细粒状、破碎状;毒砂呈粗粒板柱状,维氏硬度偏低为其载金标型。晶胞参数测试表明,黄铁矿a值在5.4300~5.4325 Å之间,成矿Ⅰ阶段至成矿Ⅱ阶段a值逐渐变大。载金毒砂明显富S、Co亏As,导致b、c、β均低于理论值。各成矿阶段的黄铁矿及毒砂中主量、微量元素及硫同位素组成呈现一定变化规律,成矿物质主要来自于富含有机质的围岩。者桑金矿床为中低温热液矿床。     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of Sanshenjiang gold deposit, southeastern Guizhou Province, China

The Sanshenjiang gold deposit in southeastern Guizhou Province, China, is hosted by the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks which experienced low-grade greenschist facies metamorphism. Gold mineralization occurs mainly in the ribbon chiltern slate of the first member of the Longli Formation and is controlled by both strata and faults. Ore bodies are characterized by abundant quartz-arsenopyrite-gold-pyrite-bedding veins, veinlets and small lenses within the shear zone. In this study, trace element and REE geochemistry was analyzed to constrain the origin and genesis of this deposit. The trace element signatures of wall rocks and veins display a basically similar tendency in the spider diagram, showing the genetic relationship. The values of Co/Ni, Y/Ho, Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La reflect that the hydrothermal fluids of this deposit were derived from the mixture of multiple sources with marked enrichment of Cl and moderate to high temperature. There is a broad similarity in the chondrite-normalized patterns and REE fractionation between wall rocks and ore bodies, possibly reflecting their similar origin. Based on the difference in δCe and δEu, quartz veins and lenses can be subdivided into weakly negative Ce-anomalies (δCe=0.81 to 1.06) with slight Eu anomalies (δEu=0.81 to 1.06) type and the significant positive Ce-anomalies (δCe=1.13 to 1.97) with moderate negative Eu-anomalies type, probably suggesting physical-chemical changes in the evolution process of ore-forming fluids from the early to late stage. It can be concluded that the ore-forming process may have experienced three stages: formation of the original ore source bed, regional metamorphism and gold mineralization, on the basis of trace element and REE analysis and field observation.     

广西金牙金矿床的有机地球化学特征

从矿石和围岩可溶有机质的生物标志化合物,非烃的红外光谱学特征,以及有机包裹体的光学和谱学特征等方面论述了金牙金矿的有机地球化学特征及其有机流体的成矿作用,查明了参与成矿的有机质主要来源于菌藻类等低等生物,本有机质的成分、结构、成熟度和胡成矿作用的进行而不断演化。在有机碳、金含量及藻类成矿作用模拟实验的分析基础上,认为流体有机质参与成矿的方式主要是活化萃取、还原沉淀,而干酪根则对金起集作用。     

山西繁峙义兴寨金矿床金矿物特征研究

义兴寨金矿属于典型的石英脉型金矿床。金矿物以单颗粒的银金矿为主,有少量的自然金。粒度多集中在10～50μm;形态多为浑圆粒状、麦粒状、不规则粒状、角砾状、细脉状等。主要以包体金、粒间金、裂隙金存在于黄铁矿、黄铜矿、石英等颗粒中。利用数量和面积两种统计方法分别对金矿物进行形态、粒度、存在状态的特征统计,显示不同类型金矿物在出现率和面积配分特征上有较大差别。化学成分中普遍含有Fe、S、Cu、Zn、Pb元素,分析得出Fe、S与Au呈不同程度的反相关关系,Pb元素含量相对稳定,Cu、Zn元素变化较大;结合Au、Ag含量与温度关系,显示金矿物形成于中低温环境。成色为510.7~887.9,平均653.6,显示浅成成矿环境。纵向上,从1350 m标高到1070 m标高,金矿物的成色平均值由778.4逐渐降低为651.7,显示逆向分带特征,指示深部1070 m标高以下仍有稳定矿体存在。     

江西大背坞金矿床地质、地球化学特征

江西大背坞金矿床赋存在中元古界双桥山群第二岩性组中,产于燕山期花岗岩体的旁侧,受韧性剪切带及其中的挤压破碎带控制。流体包裹体及氢、氧、碳、硫、铅、硅、锶同位素特征表明,参与成矿的碳以岩浆源为主,铅以壳源为主,锶源于上地壳,硫和硅来自地层,流体水以岩浆源为主,混有变质残留晶间水和一定数量的大气降水。矿床成因上应属与燕山期花岗岩浆活动有关的中温热液矿床     

辽宁猫岭大型金矿床成岩成矿年龄及同位素地球化学特征

猫岭矿床是华北克拉通北缘重要的含砷浸染型金矿之一,赋存于元古代辽河群变质岩中。矿体以脉状、似层状、透镜状等产出,受NE向和NW向韧性剪切带及次级断裂控制。选取猫岭矿床10件硫化物样品开展了Rb-Sr定年,获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄为2287±95Ma(MSWD=1.9),初始Sr同位素比值I_(Sr)=0.7117,显示成矿作用发生于古元古代早期。矿区内卧龙泉和猫岭岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为183.0±1.8Ma、128.8±1.6Ma,表明晚中生代岩浆活动与猫岭金矿化无成因联系。成矿流体的δ~(18)O_W值为6.3‰~9.7‰,δD_W值为-97.2‰~-82.6‰,表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,混合部分大气降水。金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值为+4.3‰~+10.5‰,平均值为+7.9‰,与辽河群盖县组的硫同位素组成相似,表明硫源区为古元古代盖县组。猫岭矿床形成于古元古代伸展构造背景,与辽河群早期的同构造岩浆-热液活动有关,同期形成的强硅化圈保护金矿体免受后期地质作用的破坏。