1994年南黄海5．3级地震前兆异常及其复杂性研究

本文介绍了１９９４年７月２６日南黄海５．３级地震及其前兆异常情况，结合１９９２年１月２３日南黄海５．３级地震，探讨了地震前兆的复杂性及其机制和地震预报问题。     

滇西实验场地震中短临动态跟踪综合预测方案及其实践运用

对滇西实验场1992年以来地下流体前兆观测资料进行分析研究,选取应震效果通过R信度检验（对应MS≥5.0级地震）的8条单项前兆指标。综合考虑单项前兆指标虚报率和漏报率对指标信度的影响,对单项前兆指标利用数学模型进行综合处理,减少了虚报和漏报的次数,预测效果明显提高。利用分级预警模式分别建立了中期（T≤6个月）和短临（T≤3个月）预测模型。综合预测方案还提供了地点判定原则和震级估算原则。最终提供地震短临预测三要素。运用本综合预测方案对2011年腾冲5级双震、2013年洱源5级双震和德钦两次5级地震作用了较为成功的短临预测。     

1994年南海5.3级地震的前兆异常及其复杂性研究

本文介绍了１９９４年７月２６日南黄海５．３级地震及其前兆异常情况，综合１９９２年１月２３日南黄海５．３级地震，探讨了地震前兆的复杂性及其机制和地震预报问题。     

地震前兆含义,科学问题与研究途径的研讨

地震前兆的研究已经取得了很大的进展,地震前兆的复杂性引起了广泛的关注,对地震预报、有关科学问题和探索途径的研究现状及其前景有各种评价。文章认为由于一些科学问题没有解决,尽管对中缅边境１９９５年７月连７．３级地震作出了成功预报,经验性预报有一定的局限性,文中讨论了广义地震前兆和狭义地震前兆,广义地震前兆包含二类前兆：场兆和源兆;而狭义前兆仅指后者。大陆震例前兆的系统研究证实了广义地震前兆的存在,然而     

前兆场稳定度Dk在中强地震前兆资料分析中的应用

提出了前兆场稳定度的概念,利用前兆场稳定度的方法对中强地震前豫鲁冀交界区不同台站和不同手段的前兆观测数据进行分析。结果表明,在１９８３年１１月７日山东菏泽Ｍs５ ．９级和１９８５年１１月３０日河北任县Ｍs５．０级地震前１４个月内,前兆场稳定度有低值异常显示,并且异常幅度越来越大,地震后恢复到正常值。     

南黄海6.1级地震的前兆分析

综述了１９９６年１１月９日南黄海６．１级地震震前所识别的前兆。其中包括十余项测震学前兆和地形变水化,地电等手段的多项前兆,分析了震前依据前兆而作出的预后实况,并根据目前所认识的地震前兆的某些物理基础,讨论了对这次地震可能作出预报的程度。     

新疆3次6级强震前的短期前兆异常

分析了新疆3次6级强震前的短期前兆异常动态演化图像特征。这3次地震前兆异常的共性是地震前半年都出现了不同程度的短期前兆异常变化,且在震前2个月,短期异常均超过8项。但是3次6级强震发生前前半年的短期前兆异常变化不一致,有向震中迁移的,有包围震中的,还有前兆异常逐渐减少的。这些前兆异常现象同通常认为的越临近地震前兆异常数目越多是不一致的。     

新疆南天山东段地震平静相关问题探讨

分析了南天山东段地震平静相关问题。得到如下结论：①将平静现象分为震前平静、震后平静．场兆平静、无震平静可能更能客观地反映平静状态;②南天山东段4级地震平静6个月以上具有前兆意义;③5级地震发生前的打破平静现象分为两类,由4级地震打破平静的5级地震其发震位置与4级地震关系密切,由5级地震打破平静的地震一般发生在地震弱活动区或南天山东段5级地震成组活动时期,前兆现象较难捕捉;④南天山东段5级地震最长平静时间为57个月。     

地震前兆异常的信度综合

通过对河北省及邻近地区１９８０－１９９７年地震前兆异常信度按时间进行合成,其结果对该地区ＭＳ≥５地震有较好的对应效果,再将前兆异常的信度视为时间和距离的函数,建立地震前兆异常综合信度的时空动态模型,并对１９７６年以来河北省及其邻近地区ＭＳ≥５地震进行检验,结果表明,地震均发生在前兆综合信度的高值区。对１９７９年７月９日江苏溧阳６．０级地震和１９８４年４月１８日云南禄劝６．３级地震进行检验,结果也较     

合肥地震台地电阻率变化与中强震关系研究

选取合肥地震台1995-2007年地电阻率观测资料,分析原始月均值曲线和归一化月速率曲线,结合安徽省及邻近地区近12年来发生的5次中强地震,探讨分析其对应关系.结果表明,地震前兆特征明显,可为今后邻近地区的中强地震提供短期预报依据.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.