西宁黄土沉积及其物质来源

西宁黄土包括从Ｓ０至Ｌ１７连续黄土－古土壤序列,黄土开始发育的时间约１．２Ｍａ黄土粒度粗,不稳定重矿物含量高,表明西宁黄土区距黄土物源近,黄土中的石英砂粒多具冰川、冰缘作用的表面机械微结构和形态,结合离石黄土风向主大气环流特征,提出本区黄土主要来地青藏高原第四纪冰川作用和冰缘作用所产生的大量粉砂物质。     

腾格里沙漠南缘武威黄土沉积元素地球化学特征

对腾格里沙漠南缘武威黄土剖面１８个样品系统的元素地球化学分析结果表明，剖面中８种常量元素氧化物总量平均值为８８.９９%，且整个剖面中变化微弱（８７.２６%～９０.４６%），显示了构成武威黄土物质组成的均一性；反映风化程度的Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３/ＦｅＯ和Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３/ＳｉＯ_２，值变化较为明显，平均值分别为１.４６（１.０２～２.８６）和０.１９（０.１７～０.２２）；稀土元素总含量平均值为１８５.４２（１６９.３１～１９９.８２）μｇ/ｇ，稀土分布斜率较大、有较明显Ｅｕ异常，ΣＬＲＥＥ/ΣＨＲＥＥ值平均为８.２３（７.３８～９.６０），表现出较显著的轻重稀土的分镏作用，指示着一定程度的风化作用；而代表原岩特征的稀土参数Ｅｕ/Ｓｍ、Ｓｍ/Ｎｄ、Ｎｄ/Ｌａ、δＣｅ、δＥｕ等变化不大，反映了不同时代黄土物质来源的一致性     

西宁黄土石英颗粒表面结构与黄土物质来源探讨

利用电子扫描电镜分析了西宁黄土地层中的石英颗粒表面形态和机械结构特征,发现近1.2Ma以来西宁黄土石英颗粒形态以尖棱角-棱角为主,颗粒表面具有典型的剪切断口或大贝壳状断口或平行擦痕,且比例较高;有些颗粒表面还具有V形坑、水下磨光面,这类颗粒以次圆状为主,这些信息指示出,西宁黄土物质不是主要来源于沙漠环境,而是来源于青藏高原第四纪冰川和冰缘作用区.     

青藏高原东北缘黄土粒度组成及物质来源分析

对青藏高原东北缘的民和黄土进行粒度分析发现，民和黄土粒度组成与兰州、洛川和西安等地差别较大，其黄土粒度明显大于上述地区。传统地把民和黄土划分为黄土带的南部过于简单化，它忽略了因青藏高原隆升而激发产生的高原物源区作用，应将民和黄土归属于黄土与砂黄土的过渡带。青藏高原因冰川反复消融和磨蚀产生的砂尘为民和黄土提供了可观的粗物质补给。事实表明，青藏高原第四纪冰川－冰融作用所产生的大量砂粉尘，不仅是高原腹地黄土区的主要物源，也是青藏高原边缘黄土的主要物源之一。     

基于元素地球化学参数的海底沉积物物质来源识别的定量方法简介

底质特征是大陆架和专属经济区划界所必需的重要依据。沉积物的物质组成是底质特征的主要内涵之一。陆架区海底沉积物是由不同来源（陆源、生物源、火山源、热液源和自生源）物质按不同比例组成的混合物。各种不同来源的物质,特别是陆源物质在混合源沉积物中的绝对份额或...     

中国第四纪黄土地球化学研究进展

在研究第四纪时期发牛的古环境变化的过程中,对矿物在表生环境下的地球化学行为的研究是正确理解一些十分重要的替代性气候指标环境意义的基础。在我国著名地质学家、地球化学家侯德封先生生前竭力倡导下,我国第四纪沉积,特别是黄土的地球化学研究这些年来取得了举世瞩目的成果。本文试图对我国这一领域发展的现状作一系统的综述,特别对存在的问题提出一些看法,以其推动我国第四纪地球化学的研究工作,并表示对侯老的怀念之情。     

中国黄土的物质来源及其粉尘的产生机制与搬运过程

长期以来,黄土高原的物质来源被笼统认为来自包括西北三大内陆盆地(准噶尔、塔里木、柴达木)在内的广阔的沙漠、戈壁地区,而且中国黄土被看作“沙漠”黄土的典型代表。但我们最新的研究揭示出,源自准噶尔和柴达木盆地的粉尘主要由低空气流搬运,受下风方向的山脉阻挡,就近堆积成山麓黄土。源自塔里木盆地的粉尘如果被近地面风搬运,则不可能移出盆地,而是堆积在昆仑山北麓,但如果被飙升到高空,则被西风急流携带,移出盆地而降落在北太平洋地区,无论哪种情况,该盆地的粉尘都不可能对黄土高原有重要贡献。因此,西北三大内陆盆地并非黄土高原的重要物源,而蒙古国南部及与之相邻的包括巴旦吉林、腾格里、乌兰布和、库布其、毛乌素等在内的戈壁、沙漠地区才是黄土高原的主要物质来源区,且主要由近地面风(基本在3000m以下)从上述戈壁、沙漠地区搬运而来。中国黄土并不能简单看作“沙漠”黄土,包括冰川研磨作用、山体剥蚀作用、山前冲洪积作用等在内的“高山过程”,才是产生大量粉土级物质的原因,戈壁、沙漠、黄土的带状分布,只不过是近地面风对山前冲、洪积物质的风力分异而已。     

末次间冰期以来沙漠边缘黄土沉积的地球化学特征初探

沙漠边缘地区黄土磁化率的增强机制与黄土高原地区有所不同,不宜用于夏季风强度变化的重建。所以,本文尝试将黄土高原地区常用的化学风化指标:化学蚀变指数（CIA）和Rb/Sr用于沙漠边缘地区白崖剖面夏季风演化的重建。结果显示,CIA可以较好地反映成壤作用,因而也可以较好地反映夏季风的变化,而Rb/Sr受源区因素和成壤因素共同作用,不能有效地指示夏季风的强度。同时,本文还选取了常见的反映粒度分选和冬季风变化的SiO2/TiO2和Zr/Rb,结果显示,SiO2/TiO2和Zr/Rb能明确指示粒度分选作用和冬季风的变化。此外,Al-Ti-Zr三角图显示,物源在不同时期存在一定的变化,在全新世和末次间冰期黄土物质混合较为均匀,表明风尘经历了较长距离的搬运和较为充分的混合过程;在末次冰期黄土物质混合程度存在明显分异,意味着部分时段物源可能较近。     

青海湖地区冰消期以来气候变化的黄土记录

青海湖周围堆积着很多黄土和风沙沉积,这些风成沉积序列是过去气候变化的良好记录.相对于湖泊沉积,这些沉积物受到的研究较为薄弱.对青海湖南岸的黄土堆积进行了光释光年代学、磁化率、Fe/Mg值、粒度和有机质含量等气候替代性指标测量.在具有绝对年代标尺控制的基础上,结合气候替代性指标变化特征的分析,表明冰消期以来青海湖地区的古气候经历了多次的冷暖和干湿变化过程:14～9 ka间气候前期相对冷干,后期转为凉干,其中可能在11 ka左右存在一次暖湿事件;9～2.5 ka间气候呈暖湿状态;2.5 ka以后的地层扰动较大.黄土和湖泊沉积记录的环境变化过程具有可比性.     

Transition in Late Quaternary Paleoclimate in Schirmacher Region,East Antarctica as Revealed from Lake Sediments

The lacustrine sediments are one of the best sources to provide information on climate change, specially in peri-glacial climatic region. Schirmacher Oasis, located on the Princess Astrid Coast in Queen Maud Land, is one of the few areas in East Antarctica that provides valuable information on paleoclimate of the region with various depositional features formed due to deglaciation process. This Oasis is dotted with more than 100 lakes of proglacial, land-locked and epi-shelf type. The multi-proxy sedimentological data, generated from the sediment cores from land-locked lakes and grab sample from a proglacial lake, lying in the same drainage line in the central part of Schirmacher region has provided better insight into the paleoclimatic evolution of the region. The immature and chemically unaltered lake sediments have shown restricted drainage pattern. Different phases of warmer and cooler intervals are highlighted by the patterns of fluctuations in different sedimentological and statistical parameters. The dominance of glacial signatures is very clear on the lake sediments as revealed by the surface textures of quartz grains. Physical weathering has mainly controlled the overall sediments and the composition of clay fraction. The clay minerals indicate a gradual shift in the weathering regime and therewith in climate from strongly glacial to fluvioglacial specially around 42 ka. This indicates beginning of warming of the area much before the LGM. But the warm period is not strong enough to alter the overall clay chemistry. Proxy records indicate short-period climatic oscillations during late Quaternary.     

Late Quaternary glacial episodes in the Hornsund Region of Spitsbergen

On the basis of field and laboratory studies supported by thermoluminescence dates, an occurrence of marine and glacial sediments is described from South Spitsbergen. These deposits are thought to date from the Holsteinian interglacial and the Saalian glacial stages respectively. In addition, the evidence and extent of Vistulian and Holoccne glacial advances in South Spitsbergen are presented. These advances occurred at 50,000–43,000, 30,000–10,000, 3,000–2,500 and 600–100 years B.P. The latter have been tentatively correlated with those recorded in other parts of Svalbard, as well as in East Greenland, the Barents Sea, Scandinavia, the Baltic Sea, North Poland and the Russian Plain.     

末次间冰期以来对宁黄土剖面的热释光测年

利用细颗粒热释光技术对陇西黄土高原会宁黄土剖面末次间冰期以来黄土、古土壤的8个样品进行了年龄测定,并在此基础上分别利用线性内插和多项式回归方法建立了会宁剖面深度-年代时间模式,以2种模式计算的S0/L1、L1/S1、S1/L2界线年龄与SPECMAP深海氧同位素1/2、4/5、5/6阶段的界线年龄可较好对比,这为末次间冰期以来会宁地区古气候演化的深入研究提供了基本时间框架。     

河南晚更新世—全新世黄土记录的环境变化及物源特征

基于河南新郑县的一套完整晚更新世—全新世黄土古土壤剖面(格大张剖面),应用端元分析模型,对75个沉积样品的粒度分析数据进行分析,并对各端元组分在地层深度对应的时间尺度上做了小波变换。结果认为,从格大张剖面沉积物粒级组分中可以分离出三个沉积端元,端元1可能指示了东亚夏季风作用动力特征,夏季风的强弱引起的温湿变化造成相应时期内沉积物的古土壤化的强弱;端元2可能指示了东亚冬季风作用下沙尘暴沉积动力作用特征,代表了典型风成黄土的粗颗粒组分特征;端元3粒级组分更粗,代表了更强搬运动力条件,应属于东北风搬运黄泛平原粗颗粒而来的近源沉积物,距今3100 a以来尤为显著。根据小波分析结果,认为各端元组分在不同的时间尺度上具有周期性特点。端元分析法在指示沉积物沉积动力环境和物源特征上具有很好的效果,各端元组合特征能够敏感地反映出沉积动力组合特征,很好地反映晚更新世以来各动力变化特征。采用小波分析方法对识别各端元组的周期性特征以及根据目前状态推断未来可能的趋势具有参考意义。     

Reconstruction of High Resolution Timescale in Weinan Loess Section of Late Quaternary

TheWeinanloesssectionislocatedatNanjiangVillage(34"21'N,lO9"3l'E),YangguoTown,Weinan,ShaanxiProvince,whichisoneofthecontinuousloesssequencedis-coveredofthelasto.l5MaB.P.,whichhassoforbeenthebestdatedbyboththeAMSl4CandTL(Liuetal.,l994),andisusedasastratigraphicstandard.Basedontheorbitaltuningmethod(Dingetal.,l99l)lapreliminaryhighresolu-tiontimescaleofthissectionhasbeenestab1ished(Liuetal.,l995).Howeverlinrecentyears,increasingeffortshavebeenmadetodocumentsub-orbitalscaleclimaticvariat…     

青海扎陵湖和鄂陵湖盆地第四纪河湖相地层研究

通过对扎陵湖和鄂陵湖沿岸的湖积阶地中湖相沉积的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于盆地内的第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层进行了详细的研究和划分、重新厘定了该区第四纪岩石地层单元,确立了生物地层和年代地层序列.建立了青海东南部地区第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层单位-黄河源群(QH),黄河源群是由第四系下更新统野生沟组(Qp~1γ)、中更新统鄂陵湖组(Qp~2e)、上更新统大野马岭组(Qp~3d)和全新统黑河乡组(Qhh)等4个组组成.为青藏高原湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁研究,以及第四纪地层的划分与对比等提供了新资料.     

Late Quaternary lake-level changes of Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Siberia

Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6 Ma old impact crater in northeastern Siberia. Presented here is a reconstruction of the Quaternary lake-level history as derived from sediment cores from the southern lake shelf. There, a cliff-like bench 10 m below the modern water level has been investigated. Deep-water sediments on the shelf indicate high lake levels during a warm Mid-Pleistocene period. One period with low lake level prior to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 has been identified, followed by a period of high lake level (10 m above present). In the course of MIS 2 the lake level dropped to − 10 m. At the end of MIS 2 the bench was formed and coarse beach sedimentation occurred. Subsequently, the lake level rose rapidly to the Holocene level. Changes in water level are likely linked to climate variability. During relatively temperate periods the lake becomes free of ice in summer. Strong wave actions transport sediment parallel to the coast and towards the outlet, where the material tends to accumulate, resulting in lake level rise. During cold periods the perennial lake ice cover hampers any wave activity and pebble-transport, keeping the outlet open and causing the lake level to drop.     

Age constraints on the late Quaternary evolution of Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau

Dating and geomorphology of shoreline features in the Qinghai Lake basin of northwestern China suggest that, contrary to previous interpretations, the lake likely did not reach levels 66-140 m above modern within the past ∼ 90,000 yr. Maximum highstands of ∼ 20-66 m above modern probably date to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. MIS 3 highstands are undated and uncertain but may have been at or below post-glacial highs. The lake probably reached ∼ 3202-3206 m (+ 8-12 m) during the early Holocene but stayed below ∼ 3202 m after ∼ 8.4 ka. This shoreline history implies significantly different hydrologic balances in the Qinghai Lake basin before ∼ 90 ka and after ∼ 45 ka, possibly the result of a more expansive Asian monsoon in MIS 5.