雪峰造山带新元古代构造演化框架

目前对江南造山带新元古代构造演化存在不同认识。本文在系统收集近年来大量高精度年龄数据及岩石地球化学研究成果基础上,重塑了雪峰造山带（江南造山带西段）及其东南缘新元古代构造演化过程：880～820Ma期间雪峰造山带为岛弧岩浆作用阶段,东南缘城步地区为弧前盆地;820～810Ma期间雪峰造山带为弧-陆（主）碰撞阶段,城步地区处于弧前盆地向岛弧发展的过渡时期;810～800Ma期间雪峰造山带进入后碰撞环境,城步地区形成新的岛弧;800～630Ma整体进入裂谷盆地阶段。上述过程反映出扬子陆块东南缘的岛弧增生过程,同时暗示雪峰造山带南东面的雪峰期和南华纪沉积叠覆于华南残留洋盆之上。     

Metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the Shangdan fault zone, Shaanxi, China

Abstract The Shangdan fault in the Qinling Orogenic Belt of China is an important boundary between the Caledonian North Qinling Fold Belt and the Hercynian South Qinling Fold Belt. In the Danfeng area, the fault zone strikes WNW–ESE and comprises four strongly deformed zones and three weakly deformed domains parallel to each other. The fault zone has a complex history of multiple deformation and each domain has a different tectonic style that was formed at different stages of the deformation.
The rocks exposed in the weakly deformed domains belong to the Qinling, Danfeng and Liuling Groups. In this paper, the mineral chemistry and mineral assemblages are used to infer the metamorphic conditions and the P–T paths of these units. The metamorphic units in and near the fault zone have different metamorphic conditions and histories that are correlated with the tectonic evolution of the fault zone. Caledonian–Hercynian uplift and southward thrusting of the Proterozoic Qinling Group, over the Danfeng and the Liuling Groups, produced the main metamorphic and tectonic features of the fault zone. Folding of both the Liuling Group and the thrust faults during the Hercynian–Indosinian was accompanied by northward thrusting.     

班公湖-怒江结合带西段中特提斯多岛弧构造演化

本文根据1∶25万地质填图成果,将班公湖-怒江结合带西段弧-盆系时空结构自北向南划分为五峰尖-拉热拉新晚侏罗世—早白垩世陆缘火山-岩浆弧带、班公湖蛇绿混杂岩北、南亚带和昂龙岗日-班戈白垩纪—始新世岩浆弧带等,初步认为中特提斯洋经历了三叠纪—早侏罗世扩张,中—晚侏罗世往北、南双向俯冲,晚三叠世—早白垩世残余洋(海)盆和早—晚白垩世陆-弧(陆)碰撞等演化阶段。     

勉略构造带构造变形过程及其地质意义

勉略构造带是印支期华北板块与扬子板块碰撞,并叠加后期陆内变形作用形成的复杂蛇绿构造混杂岩带,勉略构造带的形成演化对全面理解秦岭造山带构造演化具有非常重要的研究意义.本文以勉略构造带广泛发育的褶皱、断裂等构造现象为研究对象,通过详细的构造解析和古应力反演,揭示出勉略构造带经历三期构造变形:D1期变形为NW-SE向挤压,以发育轴面直立的紧闭同斜褶皱和高角度逆断层为特征,形成于早—中三叠世华北与扬子两大块体碰撞阶段;D2期变形为NE-SW向挤压,主要发育左行走滑剪切变形,叠加于早期构造形迹之上,构造带内普遍发育东西向近水平拉伸线理,局部发育倾竖褶皱,形成于晚三叠世—中侏罗世,该阶段秦岭造山带由早期的碰撞转为陆内变形,沿东西向断裂带发生大规模左行走滑;D3期变形为N-S向挤压,在晚侏罗世—白垩纪多向汇聚构造体制下,勉略构造带受南北向挤压,形成一系列共轭剪切断裂,该期断裂切割前两期构造变形,区域上表现为北侧的大巴山、西秦岭向南逆冲推覆,扬子北缘沿米仓山一带向北楔入秦岭造山带,形成向南突出的大巴山弧形逆冲推覆构造带、西秦岭武都-舟曲弧形构造带和一系列北东、南西走向的共轭剪切断裂系.     

北山造山带大地构造相及构造演化

根据1:25万马鬃山幅区调填图资料,从造山带不同构造单元的火山-沉积建造、岩浆岩序列演化、变质变形特征及时空配位关系研究入手,应用大地构造相划分理论,根据北山多旋回复合造山带的特点,识别出15种大地构造相,并探讨了北山古生代构造格局与构造演化模式.     

哀牢山缝合带中两类火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

在哀牢山构造带的哀牢山断裂与花山－雅邑断裂之间出路大量不同构造环境的岩浆岩。除双沟蛇绿岩外,尚发现有景东火山岩和墨江火山岩。地球化学研究表明,景东火山岩具有类似于富集型洋中脊玄武岩（Ｐ－ＭＯＲＢ）地球化学特征,形成于以双沟蛇绿岩为代表的哀牢山洋盆先期的陆内裂谷构造环境;墨江火山岩具有岛弧火山岩地球化学特征,形成于哀牢山洋盆向西俯冲消减作用下的岛弧构造环境。景东裂谷型火山岩和墨江岛弧火山岩分别代表了     

青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段大地构造演化

藏东班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段位于该缝合带由东西向转向南北向的转折部位,夹持于冈瓦纳大陆冈底斯-察隅陆块与泛华夏扬子大陆昌都-思茅陆块之间,经历过强烈伸展、挤压、碰撞、急剧沉降和隆升,是地质构造极其复杂的造山带。其沉积构造环境复杂多样,与该缝合带发展演化有关的岩浆活动极其强烈、频繁,并发育有高压变质带。丁青-碧土-怒江洋盆经历了较为完整的威尔逊旋回,包括裂谷-初始洋盆阶段、洋盆扩张阶段、俯冲消减阶段、封闭碰撞阶段的发展和演化。     

Petrology and P–T path of the Fuping mafic granulites: implications for tectonic evolution of the central zone of the North China craton

The Fuping Complex and the adjoining Wutai and Hengshan Complexes are located in the central zone of the North China craton. The dominant rock types in the Fuping Complex are high‐grade tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) gneisses, with minor amounts of mafic granulites, syntectonic granitic rocks and supracrustal rocks. The petrological evidence from the mafic granulites indicates three stages of metamorphic evolution. The M₁ stage is represented by garnet porphyroblasts and matrix plagioclase, quartz, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and hornblende. Orthopyroxene+plagioclase symplectites and clinopyroxene+plagioclase±orthopyroxene coronas formed in response to decompression during M₂ following the peak metamorphism at M₁. Hornblende+plagioclase symplectites formed as a result of further isobaric cooling and retrograde metamorphism during M₃. The P–T estimates using TWQ thermobarometry are: 900–950 °C and 8.0–8.5 kbar for the peak assemblage (M₁), based on the core compositions of garnet, matrix pyroxene and plagioclase; 700–800 °C and 6.0–7.0 kbar for the pyroxene+plagioclase symplectites or coronas (M₂); and 550–650 °C and 5.3–6.3 kbar for the hornblende+plagioclase symplectites (M₃), based on garnet rim and corresponding symplectic mineral compositions. These P–T estimates define a clockwise P–T path involving near‐isothermal decompression for the Fuping Complex, similar to the P–T path estimated for the metapelitic gneisses. The inferred P–T path suggests that the Fuping Complex underwent initial crustal thickening, subsequent exhumation, and finally cooling and retrogression. This tectonothermal path is similar to P–T paths inferred for the Wutai and Hengshan Complexes and other tectonic units in the central zone of the North China craton, but different from anti‐clockwise P–T paths estimated for the basement rocks in the eastern and western zones of the craton. Based on lithological, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data, the eastern and western zones of the craton are considered to represent two different Archean to Paleoproterozoic continental blocks that amalgamated along the central zone at the end of Paleoproterozoic. The P–T paths of the Fuping Complex and other tectonic units in the central zone record the collision between the eastern and western zones that led to the final assembly of the North China craton at c. 1800 Ma.     

青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段大地构造演化

藏东班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段位于该缝合带由东西向转向南北向的转折部位,夹持于冈瓦纳大陆冈底斯-察隅陆块与泛华夏扬子大陆昌都-思茅陆块之间,经历过强烈伸展、挤压、碰撞、急剧沉降和隆升,是地质构造极其复杂的造山带。其沉积构造环境复杂多样,与该缝合带发展演化有关的岩浆活动极其强烈、频繁,并发育有高压变质带。丁青-碧土-怒江洋盆经历了较为完整的威尔逊旋回,包括裂谷-初始洋盆阶段、洋盆扩张阶段、俯冲消减阶段、封闭碰撞阶段的发展和演化。     

Metamorphic history and tectonic evolution of the Qinling Complex, eastern Qinling Mountains, China

Abstract The metamorphic history and tectonic evolution of the Qinling Complex is divided into formation and modification stages. During the Proterozoic formation stage, three deformational sequences are recognized. Andalusite–muscovite, sillimanite–muscovite and sillimanite–K-feldspar zones of amphibolite facies regional metamorphism are earlier than, or synchronous with the first or second phase of folding. Ductile shear zones were formed and Caledonian granites were emplaced during the modification stage. The granites superimposed contact aureoles (garnet–K-feldspar zone) on the regional metamorphic fabric.
Metamorphic reactions, P–T conditions of metamorphism and P–T–t paths were estimated by analysis of mineral textures and standard thermobarometric techniques. The P–T–t path of the Proterozoic tectonometamorphic cycle shows prominent clockwise decompression. The P–T–t path of the Caledonian tectonometamorphic cycle is characterized by an early rise of pressure and temperature, followed by isothermal decompression (rapid uplift) and finally with isobaric cooling.
The P–T–t paths of the two tectonometamorphic cycles reflect two major stages of collision and uplift in the evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt during the Proterozoic and Caledonian–Hercynian periods, respectively.     

Metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the Lancang paired metamorphic belts, south-western China

Abstract The Lancang metamorphic terrane consists of an eastern low- P/T belt and a western high- P/T belt divided by a N–S-trending fault. Protoliths of both units are mid–late Proterozoic basement and its cover. The low- P/T belt includes the Permian Lincang batholith, related amphibolite facies rocks of the Damenglong and Chongshan groups, and Permo-Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Most whole-rock Rb–Sr isochron and U–Pb zircon ages of the Lincang batholith are in the range 290–279 and 254–212 Ma, respectively. Metamorphism of the low- P/T belt reaches upper amphibolite with local granulite facies (735°C at 5 kbar), subsequently retrogressed at 450–500°C during post-Triassic time. The high- P/T rocks grade from west to east from blueschist through transitional blueschist/greenschist to epidote amphibolite facies. Estimated P–T conditions follow the high- P intermediate facies series up to about 550–600°C, at which oligoclase is stable. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of sodic amphibole in blueschist is 279 Ma.
The paired metamorphic belts combined with the spatial and temporal distribution of other blueschist belts lead us to propose a tentative tectonic history of south-east Asia since the latest Precambrian. Tectonic juxtaposition of paired belts with contrasting P–T conditions, perhaps during collision of the Baoshan block with south-east Asia, suggests that an intervening oceanic zone existed that has been removed. The Baoshan block is a microcontinent rifted from the northern periphery of Gondwana. Successive collision and amalgamation of microcontinents from either Gondwana or the Panthalassan ocean resulted in rapid southward continental growth of c. 500 km during the last 200 Ma. Hence, the Lancang region in south-east Asia represents a suture zone between two contrasting microcontinents.     

班公湖-怒江结合带洞错地区舍拉玛高压麻粒岩的发现及其地质意义

青藏高原班公湖-怒江结合带内中东段八宿、安多、蓬错西等地已有高压-超高压变质岩的报道,然而西段至今尚没有发现类似岩石出露。在班公湖-怒江西段改则洞错地区舍拉玛沟中发现高压麻粒岩（可能是退变榴辉岩）,岩石呈透镜状、似层状或块状产于斜长角闪岩及变质辉长岩中,详细的岩相学及矿物化学研究确认,早期矿物组合主要为石榴子石、单斜辉石及斜长石（大部分钠黝帘石化）,后期发生了较强烈的退变质作用,矿物组合为角闪石和斜长石,发育典型的“白眼圈”结构。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法获得高压麻粒岩的原岩时代为254±2Ma,指示班公湖-怒江洋盆打开的时限可以追溯到晚二叠世。地质温压计估算结果表明,高压麻粒岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为780~900℃ 和13~16kPa,角闪岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为430~480℃ 和4.5~5.2kPa,极有可能是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳发生高压麻粒岩相（甚至达到榴辉岩相）变质作用的产物。它的发现说明在班公湖-怒江结合带内部存在高压变质带,可能是大洋深俯冲的产物,这对研究青藏高原特提斯洋的形成演化具有重要意义。     

班公湖-怒江结合带洞错地区舍拉玛高压麻粒岩的发现及其地质意义

青藏高原班公湖-怒江结合带内中东段八宿、安多、蓬错西等地已有高压-超高压变质岩的报道,然而西段至今尚没有发现类似岩石出露。在班公湖-怒江西段改则洞错地区舍拉玛沟中发现高压麻粒岩(可能是退变榴辉岩),岩石呈透镜状、似层状或块状产于斜长角闪岩及变质辉长岩中,详细的岩相学及矿物化学研究确认,早期矿物组合主要为石榴子石、单斜辉石及斜长石(大部分钠黝帘石化),后期发生了较强烈的退变质作用,矿物组合为角闪石和斜长石,发育典型的"白眼圈"结构。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法获得高压麻粒岩的原岩时代为254±2Ma,指示班公湖-怒江洋盆打开的时限可以追溯到晚二叠世。地质温压计估算结果表明,高压麻粒岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为780~900℃和13~16k Pa,角闪岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为430~480℃和4.5~5.2k Pa,极有可能是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳发生高压麻粒岩相(甚至达到榴辉岩相)变质作用的产物。它的发现说明在班公湖-怒江结合带内部存在高压变质带,可能是大洋深俯冲的产物,这对研究青藏高原特提斯洋的形成演化具有重要意义。     

西南三江金沙江弧盆系时空结构及构造演化

金沙江（-哀牢山）弧盆系是西南三江多岛弧盆系的重要组成部分,恢复其时空格架及其形成演化过程对理解古特提斯多岛弧盆系的时空格局具有重要意义。根据新的地质调查资料、研究成果并结合分析数据,系统总结了金沙江弧盆系不同构造单元的物质组成及其构造属性,讨论了其构造演化过程及其对VMS型矿床的控制作用。金沙江洋壳发育时限主要为晚志留世—二叠纪,古洋壳地幔受到了早期俯冲带物质富集组分的影响,主体形成于弧后盆地的构造环境。江达-德钦-维西岩浆弧为一复杂的陆缘弧,经历了俯冲消减（300~260 Ma）、早碰撞聚合（255~250 Ma）、同碰撞伸展（249~237 Ma）和晚碰撞造山（236~212 Ma）等构造事件叠加改造,形成了不同类型、不同环境的岩浆活动及其盆地。金沙江带新发现的贡觉榴辉岩、维西退变榴辉岩等高压变质带,为恢复金沙江古特提斯洋的俯冲-碰撞造山的复杂演化过程提供了重要证据。在此基础上,结合区域地质资料,构建了金沙江弧盆系的演化历史,认为经历了晚志留世—早二叠世金沙江（-哀牢山）弧后洋盆扩张、早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世洋壳俯冲消减、早三叠世—晚三叠世弧-陆碰撞造山与盆-山转换、晚三叠世末期后碰撞陆内造山至陆内汇聚-走滑转换等阶段的演化过程,每个阶段控制着不同类型的VMS型矿床。     

龙木错-双湖-昌宁-孟连结合带：冈瓦纳大陆与泛华夏大陆的界线

冈瓦纳大陆与泛华夏大陆的界线目前还没有形成统一的认识,在一定程度上制约了对青藏高原及三江造山带构造格局、特提斯演化等方面的深刻认识。根据新的地质调查资料与研究成果,在梳理有关冈瓦纳大陆与泛华夏大陆界线不同观点的基础上,系统总结了龙木错-双湖结合带与昌宁-孟连结合带不同时期蛇绿混杂岩的地质特征、发育时限及其构造环境,二者洋盆经历了相似的洋盆扩张、俯冲消减及弧-弧(陆)碰撞造山过程,发生深俯冲及折返的时间也基本相当,一致表明二者在构造属性上具有亲缘性,认为龙木错-双湖-昌宁-孟连特提斯洋共同构成了原-古特提斯大洋最终消亡后的残迹。南、北羌塘地块基底具有不同的航磁异常,指示龙木错-双湖特提斯洋两侧陆块演化过程不同。以龙木错-双湖-昌宁-孟连特提斯洋为界,南北分别为冈瓦纳大陆北缘中生代冈底斯-喜马拉雅造山系和泛华夏大陆南缘晚古生代羌塘-三江造山系,两大造山系经历了不同的构造演化过程。结合生物区系、地球物理等其他区域资料,认为龙木错-双湖-昌宁-孟连结合带是青藏高原上冈瓦纳大陆与泛华夏大陆的界线。     

新疆南天山构造格架及构造演化

南天山碰撞造山带位于西伯利亚与塔里木地块之间的北亚造山区南部的天山造山系的中南部,是塔里木地块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔地块之间的一条构造带,地理上由哈尔克山、额尔宾山、虎拉山等组成,地质上主要由古生代地质体组成,其南北两侧均为活动陆缘,中间由洋壳残片、洋岛和增生杂岩组成,是南天山古生代洋盆演化的产物。南天山古洋盆从震旦纪裂解,寒武纪持续扩张,奥陶纪—石炭纪向南北两侧俯冲闭合,至二叠纪南天山造山带进入后造山调整阶段。     

Delamerian Glenelg tectonic zone,western Victoria: Geology and metamorphism of stratiform rocks

The Cambro‐Ordovician Glenelg tectonic zone of western Victoria is a distinctive metamorphic‐igneous segment of the Delamerian Orogenic Belt comprising two northwest‐striking regional metamorphic segments of andalusite‐sillimanite type prograding towards an axial granitic batholith. The second of five deformations (D₂) was most significant, producing isoclinal folds, transposition and a pervasive regional foliation (S₂). Southwest of the central batholith, biotite to migmatite zones contain mainly quartzo‐feldspathic rock (turbiditic metagreywacke, quartzo‐feldspathic schist and migmatite), plus less common metaquartzite and calc‐silicate rocks and minor metapelite. Metagabbro, metadolerite and amphibolite typically have the chemistry of mid‐ocean ridge basalts. Serpentinite pods and sheets were tectonically introduced to low‐grade areas. Northeast of the central batholith, quartzo‐feldspathic rock occupies the sillimanite and migmatite zones exclusively, with a regional concentration of pegmatites adjacent to the zone boundary. Gross interleaving of quartzo‐feldspathic schist, migmatite, pegmatite and muscovite‐bearing granitic rock is characteristic. Peak metamorphic conditions of 550 MPa at 640°C leading to migmatite formation were established by D₂ time and accompanied by tonalite‐granodiorite and pegmatite emplacement. Subsequently, the thermal high contracted to the northeast culminating in the more extensive syn‐, post‐D4 to pre‐D5 granitic magmatism.     

柴北缘锡铁山两类榴辉岩的退变质过程 及其对俯冲带折返机制的制约

榴辉岩作为俯冲带中重要的岩石类型保存有丰富的地球动力学信息。对榴辉岩及其退变质岩石的研究有助于建立俯冲带演化的p-T轨迹,了解俯冲岩石在折返过程中温压条件及矿物相的变化,从而对俯冲带折返的动力学机制进行限定。对柴北缘锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩及含多硅白云母榴辉岩进行了详细的岩石学研究。在NC（K）FMASH体系中对两类榴辉岩进行变质相平衡模拟,得到双矿物榴辉岩的峰期温压条件为745~790℃,大于2.8~3.0GPa（M1）,后经历等温降压过程达到角闪石榴辉岩岩相（670~770℃,1.6~2.2GPa,M2）,与含多硅白云母榴辉岩经历了相同的折返过程。锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩的原岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,而含多硅白云母榴辉岩则显示E-MORB或者OIB特征,二者原岩成分存在明显差异。两类榴辉岩的p-T演化过程和地球化学特征表明,锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩与含多硅白云母榴辉岩矿物学特征的差异是其原岩的多源性造成的,而与俯冲后折返过程中的退变质作用无必然联系。     

柴北缘锡铁山两类榴辉岩的退变质过程及其对俯冲带折返机制的制约

榴辉岩作为俯冲带中重要的岩石类型保存有丰富的地球动力学信息。对榴辉岩及其退变质岩石的研究有助于建立俯冲带演化的p-T轨迹,了解俯冲岩石在折返过程中温压条件及矿物相的变化,从而对俯冲带折返的动力学机制进行限定。对柴北缘锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩及含多硅白云母榴辉岩进行了详细的岩石学研究。在NC（K）FMASH体系中对两类榴辉岩进行变质相平衡模拟,得到双矿物榴辉岩的峰期温压条件为745～790℃,大于2．8～3．0GPa（M1）,后经历等温降压过程达到角闪石榴辉岩岩相（670～770℃,1．6～2．2GPa,M2）,与含多硅白云母榴辉岩经历了相同的折返过程。锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩的原岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,而含多硅白云母榴辉岩则显示E-MORB或者OIB特征,二者原岩成分存在明显差异。两类榴辉岩的p-T演化过程和地球化学特征表明．锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩与含多硅白云母榴辉岩矿物学特征的差异是其原岩的多源性造成的,而与俯冲后折返过程中的退变质作用无必然联系。     

华北板块与西伯利亚板块缝合带之地球物理特征

内蒙古地域辽阔,全区跨越了西伯利亚、华北、哈萨克斯坦、塔里木四大板块。受多期构造运动影响,地质构造环境极其复杂。历年来关于华北板块、西伯利亚板块缝合带界限的位置,始终是地质工作者讨论的热点。笔者从地球物理学的角度,分析了华北板块与西伯利亚板块缝合带之地球物理场(重磁场)特征,认为西拉木伦河断裂带应是华北板块与西伯利亚板块的终极缝合带。