地震各向异性学术讨论会在京召开

由国家自然科学基金委员会主办、中国石油天然气总公司物探局协办、中国科学院地球物理研究所承办的地震各向异性学术讨论会于1998年6月18-20日在北京十三陵召开．来自国家自然科学基金委员会、中国科学院、中国地震局、国土资源部、教育部、中国石油天然气总公司物探局、勘探局有关部门及英国地调局的学者代表共80余人参加了本次会议,青年代表约占80％．国家自然科学基金委员会地球物理学科主任于晨就地震各向异性问题研究的重要性、紧迫性和创新性作了指导性报告．中国地震局陈颖院士对地震各向异性研究的沿革、现状与发展趋势进行了全面…     

中国地震学会地震流体专业委员会成立暨首届学术交流会在贵阳召开

中国地震学会地震流体专业委员会成立暨首届学术交流会在贵阳召开中国地震学会地震流体专业委员会成立暨首届学术交流会于１９９５年９月２２－２６日在贵州省贵阳市召开．中国科学院院士、中国地震学会副理事长丁国瑜教授,国家地震局副局长葛治州,国家地震局原副局长高...     

兰州地震研究所发展的三段历史回顾

对兰州地震研究所的三段历史作回顾,分别为国家地震局、中国地震局兰州地震研究所的体制沿革变迁,中国科学院地球物理研究所;中国科学院兰州地球物理研究所观象台早期创建;兰州地震研究所硕士点早期阶段。     

福建漳州"10.9"地震谣传概况

阐述了漳州“１０．９”地震谣传概况,介绍了这次地震谣传的过程及波及范围、发生原因,总结了这次地震谣传的特点、发生原因及采取的措施。     

新世纪中美地震工程研讨会在北京召开

新世纪中美地震工程研讨会于２０００年１１月８日至１１日在北京西苑饭店召开。会议目的是纪念中美地震工程及减灾科技合作二十周年，并面向新世纪商讨地震工程的发展方向及中美乃至世界范围内在地震工程领域的广泛合作。这是世纪之交地震工程界的一次盛会。 会议是由中国地震局、中国建设部、中国国家自然科学基金会以及美国国家科学基金会共同主办，中国地震局负责具体寿备工作。会议中方主席由中国科学院院士胡聿贤教授担任，美方主席由Ｂ．Ｆ．Ｓｐｅｎｃｅｒ教授担任。中国地震局陈章立局长、中国建设部叶如棠副部长、中国国家自然科…     

中国地震学会地震工程专业委员会成立

中国地震学会地震工程专业委员会成立大会于1981年3月23日至27日在南京举行。这次会议是由中国地震学会召开的,学会秘书长苏公望主持了会议。国家地震局副局长、中国地震学会副理事长卫一清出席会议并讲了话,中国科学院工程力学研究所所长、中国地震学会副理事长刘恢先作了会议总结。参加会议的有国内     

地震短临预报研讨会在杭州召开

中国地震学会地震预报专业委员会与国家地震局预测预防司于1997年9月19至23日在杭州联合召开地震短临预报研讨会,来自各省局、地震台站、中国科学院、有关工厂等22个单位56名代表参加了会议。中国地震学会地震预报专业委员会副主任李宜瑚并代表国家地震局预测预防司主持了会议;中国地震学会地震预报专业委员会主任罗灼礼作了大会报告;浙江省地震局副局长陈修民在会上讲了话。会议在热烈活跃气氛中进行。会议对近二年来发生在中国大陆的6个主要地震（1995年7月12日云南边境孟连？．3级地震、1996年2月3回云南丽江7．0级地震、1996年3月19…     

中国地震学会动态

构造物理与高温高压岩石力学研讨会会讯由中国岩石力学与工程学会高温高压岩石力学专业委员会、中国地震学会构造物理专业委员会联合举办的高温高压岩石力学与构造物理学术研讨会于2007年8月15—19日在辽宁召开。会议由中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室与辽宁工程技术大学共同承办。会议主题为岩石力学、构造物理、岩石物理领域的实验、理论、数值模拟、高温高压实验技术。共有来自中国地震局地质研究所、中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所、中国科学院研究生院、中国地震局地震预测研究所、石油大学(华东)、中原石油勘探局钻井…     

从新丰江水库诱发地震研究工作得到的启示——纪念新丰江水库地震50周年

1960年5—7月广东河源新丰江大坝附近,连续出现强烈有感地震,引起水库下游包括广州市广大群众的不安,中共广东省委向党中央和国务院报告,随即转批到中国科学院。8月中国科学院组织考察队,由林庭煌率领,我参加了首批考察,到现场实地调查历史地震和地质背景。1961—1964年中国科学院地质研究所先后派出60人次,进行地质背景及工程地质问题的专项研究,提供研究报告26份。1962年3月19日该区发生6.1级强烈地震,我参加了地震宏观调查,撰写了《1962年3月19日广东河源地震所形成的地表及建筑物裂隙》     

回首邢台地震现场的日日夜夜

记述了1966年3月8日河北邢台地震前中国科学院地球物理研究所地震预报研究工作的进展情况,以及地震发生后地震科技人员在地震现场工作的实践活动,总结了现场工作中提出的一些行之有效的方法,指出了邢台地震现场工作的历史意义。     

强震观测网、高灵敏度地震观测网、地中强震观测网、宽频带地震观测网

阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1　强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了…     

Age, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Mahukona Volcano, Hawai`i

The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km³) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high ³He/⁴He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.     

The Yecheng,Xinjiang, China,earthquake of February 14, 1980

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.     

Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration

Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production. Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation, rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind. Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people. Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population.     

Physical properties,vitrinite reflectance,and microstructure of coal,Taiyuan Formation,Qinshui Basin,China

In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.     

山西高平地震

阐述了发生在山西高平的地震和对高平有影响的地震，分析了高平市的地震灾害，通过分析得出高平地震与晋获断裂带活动有关的结论。     

Spatial distribution,source apportionment,and associated risks of trace metals (As,Pb, Cr,Cd, and Hg) from a subtropical river,Gomti, Bangladesh

Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×10⁴.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。