From dredged sediment to supplementary cementitious material:characterization,treatment, and reuse

Nowadays,the preservation of natural resources,the reuse,and the recycling of waste and by-products in the cement industry are gaining increasing attention in a sustainable development project.In this perspective,many studies focus on finding solutions in order to propose environmentally friendly materials.Nowadays the sediments represent a way to preserve the natural resources by their reuse as a secondary raw material in multiple applications(concrete,roads,landscaped mound,etc.).However,they commonly contain contaminants,organic matter(5%-30%),high water content(50%-200%),and relatively small particle size(Dmax≤300 mm).Therefore to improve the mechanical properties of this material as well as its physiochemical ones,specific methods of characterization and appropriate treatment techniques(calcination,chemical treatment,etc.)are required.This article presents a bibliographical review of the efficient use of sediments in cementitious matrix.It details experimental tests that must be performed to ensure the durability of sediment-based structure and assess their environmental impact under prescribed conditions.     

From on high: Geochemistry of alpine springs,Niwot Ridge,Colorado Front Range,USA

Snowmelt‐fed springs and small (0.5 km²) upland catchments in alpine areas of the western United States contribute significantly to the quantity and inorganic chemistry of water delivered to downstream basins but have not been studied extensively. Mineral weathering, transit time, and hydrologic mixing control the solute chemistry of waters that drain the upland zone of Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, and adjacent areas in the granitic core of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Water in 37 springs sampled in this study flows in generally short steep paths (~0.3 km) through shallow regolith with mean transit times (MTT) of weeks to months, producing solutions dominated by Si, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and HCO₃^?, locally SO₄^2?. Rock type is a significant control on spring, surface, and shallow groundwater chemistry, and plagioclase (oligoclase) is the major source of dissolved Na⁺ and Si. Concentrations of Ca²⁺ exceed stoichiometric predictions of oligoclase weathering by ~3.5×; excess Ca²⁺ likely represents weathering of aeolian material, vein calcite, or trace minerals. Concentrations of base cations and Si increase slowly with estimated MTT of 0.2 years for Niwot Ridge spring waters, and several years for shallow groundwater sampled by wells. Chemical weathering of silicate minerals is slow with estimated rates of ~2.0 and 0.2 pmol·m^?2·s^?1 for oligoclase and microcline, respectively; the most mineralized spring waters are saturated only with respect to kaolinite and montmorillonite. More than 50% of the dissolved base cations + Si measured in Boulder Creek at Orodell (~25 km downstream) accumulate before water emerges from alpine springs on Niwot Ridge. Warming global temperatures are shifting more high‐elevation precipitation to rain, potentially changing run‐off patterns, transit time, and solute loads. Acquisition of solutes by alpine waters thus has implications far beyond small upland catchments.     

From Environmental Risks, As Problems, To Earth Observations As Solutions To Those Problems

This paper introduces the topic of space techniquesfor environmental risks. It does this by giving someexamples of the damage and havoc wrought in recent tragic events –mudslides, floods, cyclones, earthquakes and theChernobyl disaster. It introduces the concept ofa Geographic Information System where informationderived from remote sensing observations made fromspace is combined with other types of informationand processed in a computer.Seven examples are then considered in more detail –the early 1995 flood in The Netherlands and otherhydrological issues, land use studies for agriculture,the Vegetation Index and land degradation ordesertification, hurricane Fran over South andNorth Carolina in September 1996, change detection,ocean catastrophes and atmospheric disasters. Theyillustrate some ways in which information derivedfrom space observations can be used to benefitthe Earth's population.     

From the editors

Last year was a transformational one for us as Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration changed from a semi-annual to a quarterly schedule and began publication as part of the Springer Verlag organization.     

From the editors

正Dear Members of Editorial Board.Contributors and Friends of the journal of EEHV,This special issue on the"State-of-the-art and Future Challenges of Earthquake Engineering"is dedicated to today's young earthquake engineering researchers by describing certain insight of research opportunities in earthquake engineering.We express our sincere appreciation to the following individuals:Professor Gian Michele CALVI,Professor Kuo-Chun     

From the editors

The year 2007 is a transformational one for us as the Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration changes from a semi-annual to a quarterly schedule and is published by Springer Verlag. Beginning with Vol. 6, No. 1, four issues of about 100 pages each will be published each year. The journal will continue to be available in print format, and a new electronic offering will be accessible through SpringerLink, Springer's Internet portal. We believe     

From the editors

The year 2007 is a transformational one for us as the Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration changes from a semi-annual to a quarterly schedule and is published by     

From the editors

Dear Contributors, Readers and Friends:It has been three years since the 512 Wenchuan disaster. Restoration of the affected region has been rapidly progressing.At the same time, many post-earthquake research activities have been completed. In next issue, a special section isdevoted to lessons learned from the Great Wenchuan Earthquake.     

From the editors

<正>Dear Editorial Board Members, Contributors and Friends of EEEV,As co-editors of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, we regularly consider ideas and approaches to better serve the earthquake engineering community. This message is to seek your comments and suggestions on some new ideas that we     

From the editors

Dear Contributors, Readers and Friends:This issue includes six papers on post-Wenchuan earthquake studies, representing just a small sample of the vast number of lessons learned from that devastating event in Sichuan, China. Since 2008, the world has experienced     

From the editors

正Dear Members of the Editorial Board,Contributors and Friends of the journal,2018 is the tenth anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster.With each earthquake disaster,the earthquake engineering community of researchers and practicing engineers must continue to learn from prior experience,with the goal of determining which aspects of design codes may be further improved.To commemorate the Wenchuan earthquake     

From the editors

正Dear Members of the Editorial Board,Contributors and Friends,2018 is the tenth anniversary of the Wcnchuan earthquake disaster.To commemorate the Wenchuan earthquake disaster,the journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(EEEV)will publish special sections with invited papers in the issues of 2018.We sincerely appreciate the contributions from the following experts:Professor Masayoshi NAKASHIMA.Professor Hongnan LI,and Professor Ying ZHOU.     

From the editors

正Dear Members of the Editorial Board, Contributors and Friends of the journal,This issue of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(Vol. 19, No. 3) includes two papers in a special section "Recent progress in evaluation and improvement on seismic resilience of engineering structures". The special