CORROSION RESISTANCE OF INTERFERENCE FILM ON STAINLESS STEEL

IwrRODUcrlONStainlessstalhasbeenusedwidelyasbuildingrnateria1,especiallyasdecoratingrnate-rialinbuildings.Ordinarystainlesssteehasonlyonemonot0noussilverywhitCcolourwhichsomeimesdoesnotrnatchwithitSsurmundingenvironment.lnordert0improveitSdereratingperfonnaneeandexpanditsuse,muchresearchhasbeenconductedsincethe4O'st0trytoformabright,uniform,highcorrosi0nandwearresistantco1ourfilmonastainlesssteesurface.Duringtheeariystage,anirnmersionedhodwasused,i.e.inimrs-ingthestainlesssteelinahots0luti…     

Electrochemical measurement of steel corrosion in seabottom sediment with “MD” method

The through one year corrosion potential and polarization resistance for 3 kinds of steels in seabottom sediment of Liaodong Bay were measured with the “MD” method. The measurements will have some theoretical and practical values. The theoretical value lies in that the recorded changing process of the practical corrosion case can be basis for indoor discussion and electrochemical research on the corrosion process. The practical value lies in that the obtained data can be basis for designing and controlling electrochemical protection systems. In fact, it is very difficult to measure in situ the corrosion parameters of steels in sea sediment. Contribution No. 2611 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This study is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

STUDY ON THE CORROSION PEAK OF CARBON STEEL IN MARINE SPLASH ZONE

lNTRODUCTI0NSincetheoonceptofrnarinesplashzone(MSZ)wasfirstproposedbyHumble,rnanyresearchesprovedthatthecorrosionofsteelinthesplashzoneisthemostseriousinthemarineenvironninetandthatthisMSZcorrosionhasapeak(Zhu,l995).Howevertheenvironmentalfactorscatisingthecorrosionpeakwasnotkn0wnthen(Niat0,l975,Atsushi,l994)andtherangeoftheMSZwasnotyetdeariydefinedopzkaki,l985).ThispaperexplainsthemaincauseofthecormsionpeakanddefinestheexaCtrangeoftheMSZinsomeofChina'sharbours.MATERIALSANDMET…     

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OXYGEN REDUCTIONIN ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION

ImODUcrlONArnaorandnowincreasinglyimPoftantprobleminthemanyyearsinvestigationsofabosphericcormsionofmetaIsandalloyisthatthecormsionrmctionunderathineleCtrolytelayerchangessigwhcanhywithdrying.Tornashov(l966)reportedthatthecorm-sionrateisinfluentalbytheelamlytelayerthwhnessandiscontrolledbythedtheion-lndtingcurrentofoxygenreduCtionreig.l)whentheel~lytefilmisthickerthanthediffUSionlayerthickness.ThereforetherateisnotaffededbytheelCCtrolyteFilmthwh-nessforthecaseofaverythickFilm,e.g.regionI…     

Study on kinetics of cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen in 3.5% sodium chloride solution

Electrochemical reduction of dissolved oxygen in seawater on metals is of great importance for corrosion studies. The present paper studied cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen on Q235 carbon steel in 3. 5% sodium chloride(NaCl)solutions by cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), rotating disk electrode(RDE)and rotating ring-disk electrode(RRDE). The cyclic voltammetric results demonstrated the cathodic process on Q235 carbon steel in O2-saturated 3. 5% NaCl solution contains three reactions:dissolved oxygen reduction, iron oxides reduction and hydrogen evolution. The peak potential of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is-0. 85 V vs Ag/AgCl, 3 molL-1 KCl. The E1S results indicated that the ORR occurring on Q235 carbon steel is a 4-electron process and that no finite diffusion is caused by the intermediate of H2O2 produced by ORR. The RDE and RRDE voltammograms confirmed the EIS results and it was found that the number of transferred electrons for ORR was nearly 4, I. E. , dissolved oxygen reduced to water.     

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF STEEL IN THE JUNCTURE AREA OF SEA CLAY AND SAND

Corrosion behavior of steel in the juncture area of sea clay and sand was studied. The results show that galvanic corrosion occurred between steel samples buried in sea clay and sand, and that the polarity of the galvanic cell reversed after some testing later. The cause of reversing of polarity is discussed.     

Corrosion behavior of anodic oxidized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> film in seawater

TiO₂ films were formed on metallic titanium substrates by the anodic oxidation method in H₂SO₄ solution under the 80V D.C.. Phase component and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water contact angles on titanium oxide film surface were measured under both dark and sunlight illumination conditions. Corrosion tests were carried out in seawater under different illumination conditions by electrochemistry impedance spectrum (EIS) and polarization curves. The result showed that the TiO₂ film prepared by the anodic oxidation method was anatase with a uniform structure and without obvious pores or cracks on its surface. The average water contact angle of the film was 116.4° in dark, in contrast to an angle of 42.7° under the UV illumination for 2 hours, which demonstrates good hydrophobic property. The anti-corrosion behavior of the TiO₂ film was declining with the extended immersion time. Under dark conditions, however, the hydrophobic TiO₂ film retarded the water infiltrating into the substrate. The impedance changed slowly and the corrosion current density was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that with the film illuminated by sunlight. All of those mentioned above indicate that the TiO₂ film possesses much better performance under dark condition, and it can be applied as an engineering material under dark seawater environment.     

胶东阎家疃金矿床地质特征及成因研究

胶东阎家疃金矿地处胶东牟乳成矿带北段,矿体受金牛山主断裂西侧的次级断裂控制,赋存于玉林店单元岩体中。通过对矿区内矿化蚀变带和矿体特征、矿石质量等方面的总结和研究,认为区内矿石类型以含金黄铁绢英岩化花岗质蚀变岩为主,局部夹少量黄铁矿化石英脉,并划分出成矿阶段。类比邻区金矿蚀变岩形成时代,结合区域成矿地质背景,认为该区矿床成因类型主要为中低温热液蚀变型金矿床。该矿床的研究,对牟乳成矿带内蚀变岩型金矿床的找矿工作提供了指示意义。     

山东省东平汶上地区铁矿矿床成因探讨

山东省东平-汶上铁矿成矿带是鲁西重要的成矿带,区内已发现李官集、彭集等多个大中型铁矿床,探明了铁矿石资源量超过12亿t。通过收集东平-汶上地区基础地质调查、区域重磁、矿产勘查、科研成果等资料,分析了区内地层、构造、岩浆岩及区域航磁异常特征、重力异常特征与铁矿床的对应耦合关系,提出了矿床的3个控矿因素:即控矿地层(泰山岩群雁翎关组、山草峪组,地层控矿专属性)、控矿构造(同斜复式背斜构造)、控矿岩浆岩(改造和破坏了铁矿带的完整性),通过对成矿区带样品采集测试,分别从主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素、原岩恢复、变质岩构造背景等方面进行系统分析对比,探讨了该区铁矿床为海相岛弧火山——沉积变质成因。     

烟台金斗山金矿方铅矿的成因矿物学研究

金斗山金矿位于山东省烟台市,是一个新近发现的金矿,该金矿以矿石矿物中大量出现方铅矿而区别于胶东地区其他金矿床。对方铅矿的化学成分、热电性和微量元素组成的研究表明,方铅矿是除黄铁矿外的另一种重要的富金、银矿物。方铅矿的热电导型单一,均为N(电子)型,并且具有较大的热电系数绝对值。形成方铅矿的成矿物质主要来源于围岩,即荆山群黑云母片岩和石榴石黑云母片岩等。     

沂沭断裂带构造活动与胶东金矿形成关系之探讨

在对沂沭断裂带基本特征、形成演化与动力学特征进行论述的基础上,将与沂沭断裂带相匹配的一系列次级断裂构造统一划分为沂沭断裂带的羽状断裂系统。研究表明沂沭断裂带经历了大规模的左行平移、伸展、拉张及挤压作用,形成了以堑垒构造、盆岭构造、羽状构造系统及大陆边缘花岗岩系为特征的完整构造体系,与之同时伴生形成的胶东地区次级羽状构造系统,既是沂沭断裂带的次级断裂构造,又自成体系,是胶东地区的控矿容矿构造,它们的形成演化受沂沭断裂带的运动学特征和力学特征制约,整体上服从于沂沭断裂带的运动学机制,但又有各自的演化特征和力学特点,是胶东地区金矿形成的赋存场所。沂沭断裂带对胶东金矿的重要成矿贡献在于它不仅提供了幔源的物质来源     

胶东上庄金矿床深部找矿信息综合研究

近年来,深部找矿研究已成为矿产勘查学中备受关注的研究课题之一。受目前矿产勘查理论与技术水平的限制,深部找矿工作中有效找矿信息难获取、难识别,并且所获取信息可靠性低、多解性强;由于深部矿化特征与浅部矿化特征又往往存在较大的差异,致使浅部有效的找矿信息难以直接运用于深部矿的探测中。这些因素导致目前深部找矿工作的不确定性强,风险性大。通过对上庄金矿床的地质信息(包括:控矿断裂构造信息、控矿岩浆岩信息)、矿化信息(包括:矿物学信息、围岩蚀变信息、地球化学信息、地球物理信息)等方面的综合研究,并将有关成果应用于上庄金矿床的深部找矿工作中,发现了焦家带Ⅰ号矿体,取得了显著的找矿效果。     

山东旧店金矿成因矿物学研究及其意义

平度旧店金矿床位于华北板块之胶北隆起区内,其赋矿围岩为晚侏罗世玲珑花岗岩,矿床成因为岩浆期后热液裂隙充填石英脉型金矿。据成矿物质沉淀时序可分为Ⅰ黄铁矿化-绢英岩化、Ⅱ石英-磁黄铁矿-中粗粒黄铁矿、Ⅲ石英-黄铁矿-微细粒黄铁矿、Ⅳ石英-多金属硫化物和Ⅴ石英-碳酸盐岩等5个成矿阶段,其中Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ阶段为金的主要富集成矿阶段。该文在对山东平度旧店金矿床中黄铁矿和石英矿物标型特征研究的基础上,根据成矿阶段,划分出5个时代的黄铁矿,即形成于黄铁绢英岩中的Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿、黄铁矿石英脉中的Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿、石英黄铁矿矿石中的Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿、多金属硫化物矿石中的Ⅳ阶段黄铁矿和产于石英碳酸岩细脉中的Ⅴ阶段黄铁矿。黄铁矿晶形主要为{100},{210},{111}单晶形态,{100}+{210},{100}+{111}和{100}+{210}+{111}的聚形晶态,随着成矿阶段的变化,立方体出现率逐渐减小,五角十二面体、立方体+五角十二面体的聚形晶出现率则逐渐增加,直至晚期成矿阶段又有出现率高的立方体黄铁矿。旧店金矿在石英黄铁矿成矿阶段(Ⅲ阶段)中黄铁矿晶形以{100}+{210}为主,在多金属硫化物成矿阶段(Ⅳ阶段)中,黄铁矿晶形以{100}+{111}和{100}+{210}+{111}聚形为主,而在早期阶段和晚期阶段,黄铁矿晶形简单,以{100},{210},{111}单晶为主。对黄铁矿主成分的研究表明,成矿阶段黄铁矿表现为早期亏S、富Fe的特点,在主成矿阶段Ⅲ,Ⅳ阶段中,黄铁矿则表现富S、亏Fe的特点,反映了在多金属硫化物成矿阶段,不仅是金大量沉淀形成的时期,也是载金矿物黄铁矿快速富集沉淀的时期,说明富S、亏Fe的地球化学环境有利于金的沉淀。黄铁矿物理特征及石英标型亦佐证了在多金属硫化物阶段的黄铁矿、石英晶胞参数稍高,说明同波谱段反射率和晶胞参数的变化与金含量有对应关系。     

津巴布韦南十字矿区钨矿床地质特征及成因探讨

南十字矿区钨矿床的形成与新太古代的中酸性侵入岩、太古宙的绿岩带有密切关系;钨矿体主要受控于近EW向展布的脆—韧性构造带F_1,且具有多期性和多阶段性;钨矿赋存于片麻状花岗闪长岩与布拉瓦约(Bulawayo)群近EW向展布的层间滑脱带内,受F_1脆—韧性剪切构造带控制,与太古代花岗闪长岩界线为断层接触,矿体主要为含钨绢英岩化花岗闪长质碎裂岩型,其次为石英脉型;该矿床的形成主要表现为两个阶段(含3个期次),即主成矿阶段(Ⅰ期)和弱成矿阶段(Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期)。钨元素的主要物质来源于区内的花岗闪长岩岩体和太古代布拉瓦约群地层。围岩蚀变发育,硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、黄铁矿化等蚀变与钨矿化关心密切。     

山东省兖州市翟村铁矿床地质特征及成因探讨

翟村铁矿床位于山东省最大磁异常——济宁磁异常北部,为验证该异常,在该区通过物探、钻探等勘查方法进行地质找矿,圈定了44个矿体,共求得铁矿石(332)+(333)资源量超过10亿t,平均品位TFe31.09%,mFe22.44%,mFe/TFe的平均值为72.18%。该矿体赋存于新太古代济宁群变质岩中,上覆盖层为寒武纪至奥陶纪地层,矿体呈层状、似层状产出,产状与围岩一致。矿石的主要有用组分为Fe,矿石结构为自形—他形晶粒状结构、包含结构、碎斑结构;矿石构造主要为条带状构造、条带—稠密浸染状构造。铁矿的原始沉积或为近岸浅海陆架产物,沉积物中的火山物质较多,条带状硅铁建造是在热水环境中形成的,其成因类型属沉积变质型铁矿。济宁群浅变质岩是寻找该类型铁矿的有利层位,济宁群分布区是寻找该类型铁矿床的首选靶区。     

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿铅同位素研究

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床是大兴安岭地区储量最大的铅锌矿床,矿体主要沿花岗闪长(斑)岩与大理岩接触带产出。为了查明成矿物质来源,对矿石中的硫化物和矿区内及外围主要侵入岩开展了铅同位素示踪分析。测试结果表明:矿石中硫化物的N(206Pb)/N(204Pb)为18.266～18.372,平均值18.296,N(207Pb)/N(204Pb)为15.501～15.579,平均值15.536,N(208Pb)/N(204Pb)为38.016～38.339,平均值38.138。铅同位素年龄校正计算结果表明:矿石中硫化物的Pb同位素比值与大理岩和花岗闪长(斑)岩非常相似,表明矿石中的铅主要来自花岗闪长(斑)岩和大理岩,说明成矿物质也主要来自这两类岩石,进一步证明了白音诺尔铅锌矿床的成矿与花岗闪长(斑)岩和大理岩有关,属于矽卡岩型矿床,与喷流沉积型和火山岩块状硫化物矿床有明显的差别。与区域上其他银多金属矿床对比发现,本区银多金属矿床的Pb同位素组成非常相似,其组成范围多有重叠,暗示这些矿床的矿石铅来源也非常相似,可能表明有一个共同的富银的基底或地层为这些银多金属矿床的形成提供了成矿物质来源。     

莒县天宝钛铁矿尾矿选钛的工艺研究

近年来国家对钛的需求越来越大,从钛铁矿中选钛成为急需解决的的问题。莒县天宝钛铁矿通过重-磁联合选矿方法从尾矿中选钛,有效地回收了钛资源,增加了产品品种,拉长了产业链,实现了资源的综合利用,减少了污染和土地占用,保护了环境。     

山东省稀有金属矿产资源特征及找矿方向浅析

稀有金属在现代高新技术和国防建设中具有重要用途,属于国家战略性矿产。山东省已发现多个稀有金属矿床（点）,主要分布在威海、青岛、泰安、枣庄等地区。山东省内稀有金属矿床按其成因主要分为滨海沉积型、花岗伟晶岩型以及滨海澙湖沉积型3种稀有金属矿床。本文总结了山东省稀有金属矿产勘查及开发利用现状和供需形势,论述了3种成因类型典型稀有矿床的地质特征,划分了找矿远景区并提出了相应工作手段,为今后稀有金属矿产勘查提供参考。