黑龙江三道湾子金矿Au-Ag-Te系列矿物特征及其成矿流体

本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对黑龙江省三道湾子金矿中Au-Ag-Te系列矿物碲银矿、碲金银矿、针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿和碲金矿进行了详细的矿物学研究,本次研究还发现Au2Te的存在。碲化物矿物多呈粒状或脉状分布于石英或硫化物矿物的裂隙中。Au-Ag-Te系列矿物中,Au含量与Ag含量呈负相关性,与Te含量呈弱的负相关性。结合Au-Ag-Te成分共生图解及镜下特征对金银碲化物矿物共生组合进行分析表明Te优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有成矿流体中Ag被大量消耗后,Te才与Au结合形成针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿、碲金矿,最后当成矿流体中Te也被大量消耗后,Au才会形成自然金。氦、氩同位素研究表明石英—黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体中3He/4He值为0.01～0.03Ra,金银碲化物阶段3He/4He值为0.08～1.04Ra,指示金银碲化物阶段有大量地幔物质参与。     

胶东牟平-乳山金矿带金青顶金矿碲化物矿物的特征及沉淀机制

通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜并结合能谱分析,在金青顶金矿Ⅱ号矿脉深部除含碲化物碲银矿、碲金银矿和碲铋矿外,首次发现碲金矿的存在,进一步证实了前人对于该矿床中存在碲金矿这一新矿物的推测,也打破了该金矿深部无碲金银矿的传统认识。这些碲化物呈连生体或者细脉状产于黄铁矿等硫化物、石英与黄铁矿裂隙中。在金银碲化物矿物中,Te含量变化较小,Au含量变化较大,与Ag呈负相关,与Bi为正相关。结合金-银-碲矿物成分-共生图解,对金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究。研究表明,Te总是优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有热液中Ag被消耗后才与Au结合形成碲金矿,最后Te被耗尽,矿液中残留很多的Au,从而形成自然金,说明随着成矿过程的演化,成矿热液可能逐渐富金,具体表现为碲银矿-碲金银矿-碲金矿-自然金的析出顺序。     

应用电子探针技术研究%山东金青顶金矿床碲化物特征

对含碲金矿中碲化物物相组成和元素赋存特征开展系统的研究,有助于对此类金矿矿床成因的理解和找矿勘查工作。山东金青顶金矿床伴生的碲化物由于碲化物颗粒较小,不易被发现,以往的研究缺乏对碲化物元素分布的精细刻画。本文通过电子探针背散射图像、波谱分析、能谱分析结合面扫描技术对金青顶金矿床碲化物进行了分析,研究碲化物的种类、共生关系、化学成分以及元素分布特征等。结果表明:碲金银矿与碲银矿密切共生,常形成连生体,Au、Ag在连生体中不均匀分布,面扫描图局部可见碲金矿亮斑;Te总是优先和Ag结合,生成碲银矿,随着Ag的消耗碲金银矿开始出现,Ag被耗尽后Te与Au生成碲金矿,成矿后期热液中多余的金与碲金银矿或碲银矿反应生成非常规碲化物(如本文发现的Ag2.95Au1.83Te),当Te消耗完后生成自然金;金银矿物的生长顺序是碲银矿—碲金银矿—碲金矿—自然金。本研究为含碲金矿的综合利用提供了技术支持。     

小秦岭金矿田中的两种罕见矿物—碲铅铋矿和自然碲

碲铅铋矿和自然碲产于河南省小秦岭含金石英脉矿床中。碲铅铋矿化学成分平均值(%)为:Te44.06,Bi40.24,Pb14.23,并含有微量的Ag、Au、Hg、Fe、Ni、Cu等元素。理论化学式为(Bi,Pb)_3Te_4,其中Bi>Pb。共生矿物有自然金、碲金矿、破银矿、碲铅矿、碲金银矿、碲铋矿;方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。 自然碲反射色为纯白微带乳色,非均质性清楚,偏光色为蓝灰-棕灰色。显微硬度为H_v=85.1kg/mm~2(25g)。共生矿物有碲金银矿、碲银矿、黄铜矿等。化学成分中碲含量达98.44％,并含Ag、Cu、W、Fe、Pt等微量元素。     

大兴安岭东北部永新金矿床金银系列矿物和碲化物的发现及其意义

永新金矿床是早白垩世晚期形成的浅成低温热液型金矿床。对其主要金银系列矿物和碲化物研究显示:金银系列矿物中Au质量分数为65.092%~90.713%(平均为83.942%),Ag为5.652%~16.632%(平均为11.285%);以自然金和银金矿为主,成色集中在870.2~941.3(平均为881.1),主要以包体金、粒间金和裂隙金的形式存在,粒径集中在10~20 μm;碲化物主要有辉碲铋矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿和碲铅矿等,以碲银矿数量最多,主要包裹于黄铁矿内部或产于裂隙中,常与自然金和方铅矿连生,粒径多为5~20 μm。综合研究碲化物组合特征、不同标高金矿物的成色、Te/Au值等认为,永新金矿床碲化物形成时成矿流体的lgf(Te₂)介于-15.2~-9.4范围,lgf(S₂)介于-16.7~-14.0范围,矿床与火山或次火山热液有关,具备中浅成成矿特征,深部尚有较大成矿潜力。     

捷克Jílové金矿集区中硒矿物的特征与硒化物-碲化物的形成物理化学条件

捷克Jílové金矿集区在中世纪时期曾是波希米亚地块最大、最富集金的地区,黄金开采已具有2000多年的悠久历史。最重要的矿床有Pepˇr、Bohuliby、Radlík和Rotlev,主要赋存于新元古界těchovice组火山-沉积岩和波希米亚花岗闪长岩深成岩体中。金矿化存在3种类型:脉状矿化、含金网脉状矿化、浸染状矿化。金矿床中的矿物组成已超过70种,包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、As、Mo、Bi、Hg、Au和Ag的一些硫化物、硫盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、钨酸盐、硅酸盐,还有碲化物、卤化物和自然元素的矿物。笔者通过显微镜观察、电子探针和扫描分析等综合分析技术,确认金矿床中也存在一些硒矿物。金矿石中的矿物种类较多,组成复杂以及存在大量碲化物、自然金,构成Jílové金矿集区的一大特色。一般说来,亲硫环境越强,出现硒化物、碲化物这样的特殊矿物就越少。因此,金矿床中同时存在大量碲化物、硒化物矿物,表明金矿床的形成具有特殊的物理化学条件。在成矿早阶段,具有高f(S2)和低f(Se2)、f(Te2)、f(O2)的介质,且f(S2)/f(Se2)>1、f(S2)/f(Te2)>1,此时形成大量的黄铁矿、白铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿等硫化物。而Se、Te有可能以类质同象的形式赋存于硫化物矿物中。在成矿晚阶段,随着硫化物的大量沉淀,具有f(Se2)/f(S2)、f(Te2)/f(S2)、f(O2)逐渐增高,有利于硒化物、碲化物的形成。根据金矿石中的硒矿物、碲矿物组合,获得在300℃成矿温度下形成硒化物、碲化物时的f(Se2)、f(Te2)分别为10-14.97～10-7.09和10-10.98～10-7.50。     

小秦岭金矿田含碲金石英脉的发现及矿物研究

小秦岭含碲金石英脉发现于矿田的南部——洛南驾鹿地区。脉体主要由石英、方解石组成。主要金属矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿。次要金属矿物有闪锌矿、斑铜矿。已发现的碲金矿物有自然金,自然碲、铜碲金矿、针碲金矿、针碲金银矿、六方碲银矿、碲铅矿、碲锑黝铜矿等。据三个样品原岩分析,Au 含量分别为9.8g/t、7.4g/t、9.1g/t。Ag 含量分别为8.6g/t、8.5g/t、6.4g/t。Te 含量分别为79g/t、51g/t、61g/t。本文对该含碲金石英脉的地质概况、主要碲金矿物的产出特征、物理光学性质以及化学成分进行了研究,提供了较多的测试数据,供金矿普查勘探中参考。     

四川甘孜江浪矿田里伍和黑牛洞铜矿床伴生金元素的赋存状态研究及成因探讨

利用扫描电镜结合能谱分析技术以及电子探针分析技术,针对四川甘孜江浪矿田里伍铜矿床和黑牛洞铜矿床中伴生金元素的赋存状态进行分析。结果表明:金分布在两个矿床的致密块状矿石、角砾状矿石、条带状-网脉状矿石及黑色电气石黄铜矿矿石中,围岩中不含Au。且Au在矿石中质量分数变化大,其范围为0.1×10~(-6)~5.5×10~(-6)。Au以独立矿物银金矿和金银矿的形式赋存。银金矿颗粒较大,仅在里伍铜矿床的尾矿中发现,约90μm,银金矿中金含量为68.12%~70.79%。金银矿的粒径变化范围大,为:0.01μm~25μm,金银矿中金的含量范围大,为:5.14%~40.81%。金银矿在矿石中的赋存状态主要为以下3种:(1)与铋矿物(自然铋和铋银矿)共生;(2)包裹在金属硫化物中或嵌布在金属硫化物的粒间;(3)沿金属硫化物粒间充填。第一种金银矿的形成主要经历了温度高于400℃的体系,成矿流体中的Au,Bi均以氯络合物的形式运移,在温度降低的过程中,Au和Bi同时沉淀,从而形成金银矿与铋矿物的共生结构;第二种金银矿为温度降低过程中,随着硫化物的沉淀,Au-S络合物分解,使得Au沉淀;第三种金银矿应为主成矿期后的含Au,Ag的热液充填裂隙沉淀成矿的产物。     

河南嵩县松里沟金矿床中碲化物的发现及其地质意义

松里沟金矿位于华北陆块南缘熊耳山地区,已探明金资源储量26 t。矿体产于中新太古界-古元古界太华群片麻岩NWW向的断裂带中。其热液成矿过程包括4个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、金-碲化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。显微镜下发现金-碲化物阶段存在大量与金共生的碲化物。利用电子探针和能谱分析查明碲化物的种类、共生关系和形成条件,确认的碲化物有碲铅铋矿、碲铅矿、碲铋矿、碲金矿、碲金银矿、硫碲铋铅金矿、辉碲铋矿,此外还有大量的自然金和少量的辉铋矿。该矿床为一与岩浆作用有关的碲金矿床。Au主要以自然金和金银碲化物的形式存在。Au、Ag以硫氢络合物的形式发生迁移,Te2(g)和H2Te(g)冷凝进入含贵金属的氯化物溶液是碲化物沉淀主要机制。相图及化学反应方程式分析表明,金-碲化物阶段受温度、碲逸度、硫逸度、氧逸度和酸碱度控制,其中,黄铁矿-石英阶段和石英-黄铁矿阶段形成于logf_(Te2)-14.4和logf_(S2)=-11.1~-6.5的环境。金-碲化物阶段形成于温度为110~313℃、logf_(Te2)=-15.2~-9.4和logf_(S2)=-16.5~-14.6、f_(O_2)升高和pH值降低的环境。碲化物的发现为探讨该矿床成因和熊耳山地区寻找同类型的矿床提供了依据。     

40种含氧金矿物在陕西驾鹿金矿床的发现及初步分类

陕西驾鹿金矿床首次发现的40种含氧金矿物,呈褐、紫、黑等不同色调,多为不规则粒状及微细晶集合体,粒径0.01~0.5mm;条痕紫、黑色、半金属光泽,不透明;反射多色性显著;摩氏硬度2~3.这40种含氧金矿物主体与黄铁矿、碲金矿和石英共生,属于内生热液成因.依据金的地球化学行为,以及区内含氧金矿物富含Te(10%~20%)和不等量Mn的特征,认为该矿床成矿元素(Au)主要是在碲酸及硫酸溶液中,在有氧化剂MnO2存在的条件下迁移富集成矿.通过细致的电子探针分析,初步确定了驾鹿金矿床中16个类型40种含氧金矿物,主要成分为Au、Pb、Fe、Te和O.这些矿物在主要成分上虽与前苏联发现的别斯麦特矿、毕利宾矿、博格丹诺夫矿以及我国东坪金矿床发现的金的碲酸盐矿物有类似之处,但因其普遍含不等的Mn、Ca或Al、As、Co、Ni等而又有所不同,因此很可能是一系列新的矿物种或新(亚)种金矿物.X-射线衍射分析表明,大部分晶体结构可能是由Au、Ag、Cu、Fe或Pb等金属互化物组成的假立方晶格与一个由β-TeO2(可能包括PbO或CaO)组成的斜方晶格的混晶,但不排除它们是含金氧化物的可能性.还有些可能是玻璃质或纳米级矿物,少部分则呈现准晶态物质的特征.     

Au–Ag–Te Mineralization of the Low‐Sulfidation Epithermal Aginskoe Deposit,Central Kamchatka,Russia

Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te₂ values ?9 and at log fS₂ ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system.     

(Au,Ag)Te2 Minerals from Epithermal Gold Deposits in Japan

Chemical composition and mode of occurrences of (Au, Ag)Te₂ minerals such as calaverite (AuTe₂), sylvanite (AuAgTe₄) and krennerite ((Au, Ag)Te₂) in epithermal gold telluride ores from Suzaki, Kawazu and Teine are examined. In the ores from Suzaki, (Au, Ag)Te₂ minerals occur in microbands of tellurides and fine quartz. The minerals in telluride bands change from krennerite, via calaverite‐native tellurium, to sylvanite, in the order of crystallization. A sample from Kawazu contains sylvanite and native tellurium with stutzite, hessite and tetradymite in the coarser gray quartz part. The Teine sample also contains sylvanite and native tellurium with barite and quartz. The peak patterns of XRD of calaverite, krennerite and sylvanite from Suzaki are almost identical to that of JCPDS 43–1472, JCPDS 8–20 and JCPDS 9–477, respectively. The Te, Au, Cu, and Ag contents of calaverite from Suzaki range from 56.4 to 57.9 wt.%, from 41.6 to 42.6 wt.%, from 0.28 to 0.45 wt.% and from 0.14 to 0.31 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au_0.97Ag_0.01Cu_0.02Te₂. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of krennerite from Suzaki range from 59.6 to 61.4 wt.%, from 31.3 to 33.6 wt.%, from 4.91 to 6.13 wt.% and from 0.66 to 0.80 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au_0.71Ag_0.22Cu_0.05Te₂ with Au and Ag ranging from 0.68 to 0.74 and from 0.20 to 0.25, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Suzaki range from 61.5 to 63.4 wt.%, from 24.1 to 27.4 wt.%, from 10.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.12 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Kawazu range from 62.7 to 63.3 wt.%, from 23.5 to 24.1 wt.%, from 12.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.09 to 0.16 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, Cu and Fe contents of sylvanite from Teine range from 61.8 to 63.5 wt.%, from 23.6 to 24.7 wt.%, from 11.9 to 13.3 wt.%, from 0.01 to 1.65 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.02 wt.%, respectively. The average formulae of sylvanite from Suzaki, Kawazu, and Teine are expressed as Au_1.06Ag_0.94Cu_0.02Te₄, Au_1.00Ag_0.95Cu_0.02Te₄ and Au_1.01Ag_0.95Cu_0.06Te₄, respectively. Judging from the mineral assemblages of these ores and other localities, Au–Te mineralization in the Japanese Islands can be divided into four types: native gold–calaverite at Date and Agawa, krennerite(?native tellurium) at Osore‐zan and Mutsu, sylvanite–native tellurium–hessite at Teine, Kawazu, Kobetsuzawa, and Kato, and polyminerallic assemblages at Suzaki and Kushikino. The pH–Eh diagram of aqueous tellurium species and tellurium minerals at 250°C indicates that (Au, Ag)Te₂ minerals in epithermal gold telluride mineralization would have been formed under middle to low Eh and acidic (to intermediate) pH conditions. It is possible that dilute tellurium‐containing fluid would scavenge dilute gold.     

Trace elements in pyrite from the Petropavlovsk gold–porphyry deposit (Polar Urals): Results of LA-ICP-MS analysis

The first study of the pyrite composition from gold deposit in the Urals by the LA-ICP-MS method has been carried out. In the pyrite high contents of Au (up to 49 ppm), Ag (105 ppm), and other micronutrients (As (417 ppm), Ag (105 ppm), Co (2825 ppm), Ni (75 ppm), Cu (1442 ppm), and Zn (19 ppm)) were detected. Furthermore, an increase in the concentrations of trace elements from early to later generations of pyrite (from Py-1 to Py-3) Au, Ag, Te, Sn, Te, and Bi and depletion of Co, As, and Ni have been revealed. Gold is mainly concentrated in the pyrite of the second generation (Py-2) and occurs mostly as an “invisible” form with prevalence of nano-sized particles of native Au, similar in composition to electrum AuAg, as well as Au- and Au–Ag tellurides. The presence in the pyrite of admixtures of Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, As, and Te, possibly favors the entrance of Au into it (up to 5–50 ppm), while in common pyrite, poor in the mentioned impurities, the gold content is <1 ppm.     

北京市得田沟金矿床碲矿物系列的研究

北京市得田沟金矿床是受韧性剪切带控制的金－黄铁矿－多金属硫化物石英脉型金矿床。笔者通过研究发现该矿床中的碲已达工业品位。     

东坪金矿“芥末金”及其类型

对中国河北东坪金 -碲化物型金矿的成分及性质复杂多样的金矿物的研究表明 ,东坪金矿产有由不同尺寸微粒金与碲酸盐 /亚碲酸盐 /含水氧化物组成的一些特殊的混合相 ,具芥末状或胶状结构 ,沿用“芥末金”之称。研究所获众多的分析数据得以对这些成分复杂的物质进行鉴别和分类。并按碲金矿蚀变模式 ,利用孔隙中充填的针铁矿、水硫碲铅石、绿碲铁矿、黄碲矿、黄碲铁石、碲酸等 (或一些未知混合相 )对铁芥末金、碲铅芥末金、碲铁芥末金、锰铅芥末金等各类型的化学组成及性质进行模式化。与前人资料进行了对比 ,对蔡长金、田澍章等描述过的金的碲酸盐或氧化物矿物做出了新的解释 ,提出其中某些未定名的新矿物应解释为芥末金的变种。根据电子能谱学数据推测 ,芥末金中可能存在金的纳米级团簇。     

Silver-rich telluride mineralization at Mount Charlotte and Au–Ag zonation in the giant Golden Mile deposit,Kalgoorlie, Western Australia

The gold deposits at Kalgoorlie in the 2.7-Ga Eastern Goldfields Province of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, occur adjacent to the D2 Golden Mile Fault over a strike of 8 km within a district-scale zone marked by porphyry dykes and chloritic alteration. The late Golden Pike Fault separates the older (D2) shear zone system of the Golden Mile (1,500 t Au) in the southeast from the younger (D4) quartz vein stockworks at Mt Charlotte (126 t Au) in the northwest. Both deposits occur in the Golden Mile Dolerite sill and display inner sericite–ankerite alteration and early-stage gold–pyrite mineralization replacing the wall rocks. Late-stage tellurides account for 20 % of the total gold in the first, but for <1 % in the second deposit. In the Golden Mile, the main telluride assemblage is coloradoite?+?native gold (898–972 fine)?+?calaverite?+?petzite?±?krennerite. Telluride-rich ore (>30 g/t Au) is characterized by Au/Ag?=?2.54 and As/Sb?=?2.6–30, the latter ratio caused by arsenical pyrite. Golden Mile-type D2 lodes occur northwest of the Golden Pike Fault, but the Hidden Secret orebody, the only telluride bonanza mined (10,815 t at 44 g/t Au), was unusually rich in silver (Au/Ag?=?0.12–0.35) due to abundant hessite. We describe another array of silver-rich D2 shear zones which are part of the Golden Mile Fault exposed on the Mt Charlotte mine 22 level. They are filled with crack-seal and pinch-and-swell quartz–carbonate veins and are surrounded by early-stage pyrite?+?pyrrhotite disseminated in a sericite–ankerite zone more than 6 m wide. Gold grade (0.5–0.8 g/t) varies little across the zone, but Au/Ag (0.37–2.40) and As/Sb (1.54–13.9) increase away from the veins. Late-stage telluride mineralization (23 g/t Au) sampled in one vein has a much lower Au/Ag (0.13) and As/Sb (0.48) and comprises scheelite, pyrite, native gold (830–854 fine), hessite, and minor pyrrhotite, altaite, bournonite, and boulangerite. Assuming 250–300 °C, gold–hessite compositions indicate a fluid log f _Te2 of ?11.5 to ?10, values well below the stability of calaverite. The absence of calaverite and the dominance of hessite in the D2 lodes of the Mt Charlotte area point to a kilometer-scale mineral and Au/Ag zonation along the Golden Mile master fault, which is attributed to a lateral decrease in peak tellurium fugacity of the late-stage hydrothermal fluid. The As/Sb ratio may be similarly zoned to lower values at the periphery. The D4 gold–quartz veins constituting the Mt Charlotte orebodies represent a younger hydrothermal system, which did not contribute to metal zonation in the older one.     

广东陆丰硫铁矿床中伴生铜、金、银、碲、铋赋存状态研究

广东陆丰硫铁矿床为一个中低温热液交代充填型脉状矿床。伴生有综合利用价值的Ｃｕ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｔｅ、Ｂｉ等元素。其中Ａｕ主要呈微细粒自然金、次显微金包裹在黄铁矿中，Ａｇ主要呈自然银、螺状硫银矿等独立矿物充填在脉石矿物中。Ｔｅ、Ｂｉ呈碲铋矿、硫盐矿物嵌布在黄铁矿或充填在黄铁矿微裂隙中。多数硫盐矿物为矿区首次发现。通过矿石物质组分的研究，查清了上述元素的赋存状态，为硫铁矿床的综合评价，有益组分的合理回收提供了依据     

山东省平邑归来庄碲型金矿床碲元素地球化学特征及成矿机制探讨

归来庄贫硫氧化型低温热液碲金矿床中金及碲化物矿物主要有自然金、碲金矿、碲金铜矿、碲银矿、碲金银矿、碲铅矿、碲镍矿、碲汞矿及自然碲等。金元素主要来源于泰山群山草峪组的片麻岩及寒武一奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩;碲元素主要是由铜石杂岩体的二长质、正长质等中偏碱性岩浆从地球深部的上地幔、下地壳带入矿区并进入由岩浆水及大气降水等组成的成矿热液中,与金元素形成碲金络合物进行搬迁、富集,因成矿体系的ｐＨ、Ｅｈ等物理化学