Discrimination of tropical vegetation types using SPOT multispectral data

Vegetation types were discriminated using SPOT multispectral data on Miti'aro, a tropical oceanic island in the Cook Islands, Polynesia. Vegetation categories included undisturbed and disturbed forest on limestone, scrub, marsh, and other forest vegetation (including secondary upland forest and agroforestry). Most category pairs had high separability as measured by Jeffries‐Matusita distance and Euclidean distance for training site data. However, there was some class overlap as illustrated by unsuperaised clustering and assigning spectral clusters to vegetation classes using a reference map. Cloud cover was a problem encountered in optical imaging of this maritime tropical study area.     

西安市SPOT2．5m卫星影像数据处理的实践与探讨

本文结合西安市SPOT2.5m卫星影像数据处理项目,探讨了一种SPOT5卫星影像数据处理的方法。     

SPOT6遥感图像融合方法比较研究

SPOT6是2012年法国新发射的遥感卫星,具有空间分辨率高、数据采集能力强等特点,但目前在国土资源监管中,尚未形成完善的SPOT6数据处理技术体系。针对SPOT6卫星图像的特点,借助ENVI,ERDAS和PCI等遥感图像处理软件平台,选取相位恢复(Gram-Schmidt)变换法,高通滤波(HPF)法,超分辨率贝叶斯(Pansharp)法和Pan Sharpening法等4种图像融合方法进行融合对比实验,并从3个方面对融合效果进行了评价:首先对融合结果进行图像质量的定性评价;其次,构建了平均值、标准差、信息熵、平均梯度和相关系数等5个评价指标,对融合效果进行定量评价;最后,借助地物分类精度评价方法,进行了融合后图像的应用效果评价。分析结果表明,对于不同的应用要求,应选择不同的图像融合方法,以期达到最好的应用效果,从而为SPOT6图像在国土资源监管中的应用提供技术支持。     

城市植被制图中SPOT5影像融合方法研究

不同的融合方法用于不同应用目的融合效果不同,本文采用主成分分析、HIS变换以及基于小波变换的主成分分析和HIS变换四种融合方法对SPOT5全色波段和多光谱波段进行融合,并针对城市植被制图特点对融合结果进行质量评价。结果表明,基于小波变换的PCA和HIS变换融合法光谱保持能力最好,但是空间结构特征较差,不适于城市植被零星分布的特点。主成分分析既有较好的空间结构特征,细小地物纹理清晰,同时又具有较好的光谱保持能力,最适合于城市植被制图研究。     

土地利用更新调查中卫星遥感正射影像的处理方法研究

本文研究目的是根据云南省实际,研究和设计云南省土地利用现状更新调查中卫星遥感影像正射处理技术流程。研究方法采用理论分析法和实证分析法相结合。通过对云南省地形地貌进行实证分析,依照本文讨论的技术路线,对遥感影像进行正射校正,纠正影像成像过程中产生的几何畸变和像点位移。     

Evaluation of different methods of merging SPOT MLA and PLA data for urban landuse mapping

The present study evaluates four methods of merging SPOT MLA and PLA data; namely Determinant analysis, Principal Component analysis, Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) analysis and Filtering analysis. The test area is 5 km × 5 km window over Jodhpur city and its environs. SPOT MLA and PLA data acquired within one week in Nov. 1990 were used in the analysis. The results were evaluated using both visual and statistical comparison amongst the outputs. Filtering analysis produced the best results both from visual and statistical point of view and determinant analysis ranked closely second. Comparatively HSI method distorted the spectral characteristics more but visually the output was better than that of PC. The results are applicable for urban landuse mapping and need to be tested for other themes as well.     

Remote sensing of Red Mediterranean soils: a case study in the viticultural southern Rhone Valley using SPOT satellite imagery

The aim of this work was to map Red Mediterranean soils, for which no previous mapping approach exists, using optical multispectral satellite remote sensing data. This case study explores the use of SPOT XS images over the viticultural Southern Rhone Valley, France, to map exposed vineyard soils. Field spectral measurements were used to distinguish Red Mediterranean soil surfaces during Spring 1999. A supervised maximum likelihood classification was applied to sparsely vegetated and unvegetated surfaces of two spring images from 1995 and 1997, drawing on the field training set and available soil data. Similar global spatial segmentation was obtained despite different soil surface states on these dates. Classification performances were higher than 84% in both images. Mean classification accuracies of Red Mediterranean soils at seven reference surfaces were 60% in 1995 and 70% in 1997. This suggests that the direct use of optical remote sensing data at medium resolution can be useful for mapping bare Red Mediterranean soils.     

基于多进制小波的SPOT全色影像和多光谱遥感影像融合

基于多进制小波理论,本文研究了ＳＰＯＴ全色影像与多光谱遥感影像数据融合的理论和方法,并在三进制情形,对１０ｍ分辨率ＳＰＯＴ影像和３０ｍ分辨率多光谱影像进行了实验,同时对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。理论和实验表明,基于多进制小波的遥感影像数据融合具有好的效果,并可用于广泛的研究领域。     

Geological mapping of Jharia Coalfield,India using GRACE EGM2008 gravity data: a vertical derivative approach

High-resolution satellite gravity data of gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) generated by Earth Gravity Model-2008 (EGM2008) have been utilised for geological mapping of the Jharia coalfield. The generated GRACE EGM2008 classical gravity data have been processed for estimation of gravity anomaly map. The gravity anomaly map has been enhanced using the first and second Vertical Derivatives techniques. Geological and structural maps of the study area have been overlapped over different derivative maps to analyse the correlation with the subsurface geological structures of the study area. Major distinct geological signatures, on different derivative maps, are correlated well with the existing geological map. Moreover, vertical derivative maps of the gravity data generated from GRACE EGM2008 model provide better agreement and understanding for geological setting of the Jharia coalfield.     

Erosion study of a part of Majuli River-Island using remote sensing data

Majuli, the world’s largest river island, is situated in mid of river Brahmaputra in Assam. River Brahmaputra flows in highly braided channels most of them are transient in nature, being submerged during high monsoon flows and changing drastically their geometry and location. Majuli island, home of about 1.3 million people is endangered because of the erratic behavior of the river. In this study, an attempt has been made to observe the trends of erosion in a small part of Majuli island, the area near Kaniajan village in south Majuli- a stretch of about 11 km, using satellite data of 1991, 1997 and 1998. Image processing of digital data has been done in ILWIS software. Supervised for delineation of river from land and then change detection analysis has been done to find out changes in river course from 1991 to 1997 and further from 1997 to 1998. Erosion and deposition maps of the area have been prepared and the erosion of island is measured at various sections at 1 km interval. Erosion of 1900 ha has been observed during the period of six years from 1991 to 1997 and 845 ha during the period of one year from 1997 to 1998.     

A study on the polarimetric properties of various features using SIR-C data

Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR-C) data acquired over Gujarat, India in 1994 were processed and analysed using differnet techniques applicable to polarimetric SAR data such as polarization signatures, polarization index, decomposition of the signal and polarization phase difference and limited groundtruth data. It has been observed that multi-frequency polarimetric data enhances the potential of retrieving geo-physical parameters. The polarization signatures are found to vary with the nature of the target. Target decomposition of the returned signal will be useful for the classification of various features. Polarization Phase Difference (PPD) gives good information about the vegetation parameters.     

Earthquake-induced built-up damage identification using IRS-P6 data: a comparative study using fuzzy-based classifiers

The 8 October 2005 earthquake caused widespread destruction in both the state of Jammu and Kashmir of India and Northern Pakistan. Due to poor accessibility in the hazardous and difficult mountainous terrain, a proper and comprehensive ground-based survey was not possible. However, with the help of remote sensing data and its analysis techniques, it is feasible to undertake both earthquake-related damage identification and assessment. This study attempts to document and identify built-up damaged (BD) areas using spectral indices taking temporal multispectral images from IRS-P6 LISS-IV. Five spectral indices have been used to identify BD areas using supervised possibilistic c-means (PCM) and noise cluster (NC) classifiers, to analyse the satellite data. The result indicates that Class Based Sensor Independent (CBSI) based Transformed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (TNDVI) temporal indices provide the best results for identifying BD areas, while Simple Ratio (SR) index gives the best results for built-up undamaged area identification. Further, it observed that PCM classifier performed better in comparison to NC classifier.     

Geohydrological evaluation of upper agniar and vellar basins,tamil nadu: An integrated approach using remote sensing,geophysical and well inventory data

The present paper focuses mainly on the assessment of groundwater availability in the Upper Agniar and Vellar basins. The remote sensing data was used to map the geomorphological units and structural pattern. The integration of geomorphology and structural pattern with geophysical and well inventory data reveals that shallow groundwater occurrence is controlled by geomorphological characteristics whereas at intermediate depth faults/fractures control the yield of groundwater. The study has also indicated that the eastern part of the basins is more favourable for groundwater development than the western part.     

SPOT图像的几何纠正

采用了 3种几何纠正 SPOT图像的方法 :多项式纠正法、数字微分纠正法、直接线性变换法。在精度上 ,数字微分纠正法最高 ,直接线性变换法次之 ,多项式纠正法最低。在数字微分纠正中 ,采用了直接法和间接法两种方案 ,两者在纠正精度上基本一致 ,但后者纠正精度稍优于前者。最后又利用直接线性变换模型简单而严密地纠正了 SPOT图像。     

SPOT影像的RPC模型纠正

高分辨率遥感卫星影像的RPC纠正模型,其实质是有理函数模型。在RPC模型纠正过程中,有理函数参数的解算是问题的关键,为了克服该算法的误差方程经法化后存在的问题,本文采用岭估计法来改善法方程,即通过选取适当的岭值,使检查点中误差满足定位精度要求,从而完成影像的纠正。     

SPOT5数据在西昆仑麻扎构造混杂岩带填图中的应用

为了加强高精度遥感图像数据在新疆西昆仑等自然地理条件极其恶劣的高海拔、艰险地区数字填图中的应用,提高填图的精度及质量,以麻扎构造混杂岩带填图为例,运用遥感图像预处理(大气校正、几何纠正、影像镶嵌、影像融合、影像裁剪、正射纠正等)、遥感图像增强处理(比值法、主成分分析法等)和地质信息综合分析等方法提取岩石、地层、构造等地质信息,并指导区域地质调查野外工作的开展;总结了SPOT5高精度图像数据在数字填图中的应用方法和效果,认为遥感技术在区域地质调查中起着事半功倍的作用。利用高精度遥感图像数据不仅提高了地质体(特别是构造混杂岩块)边界范围的勾绘精度,对部分非正式填图单位的勾绘也取得一定的成效。     

鄱阳湖流域季节性绿色覆被(作物)的NDVI指数变化特征分析

土地覆被的季节性变化特征可为全球变化模拟提供重要信息。本文利用包含植被一个完整生长周期的SPOT4-VEGETATION的NDVI影像,对鄱阳湖流域典型季节性绿色覆被(作物)的绿度值、峰值、谷值、年均ND-VI(NDVI-I)和NDVI年内极差(NDVI-MM)等特征值进行了提取。在此基础上,探讨了不同覆被(作物)类型的ND-VI指数年内季节变化以及NDVI时间曲线的波动与农作物生长发育阶段之间的响应规律。结果显示:以作物为主的季节性绿色覆被在作物生活期内绿度指数水平较高,在休闲期会大幅度降低;当作物处于抽穗期时,NDVI值达到作物生长期内的最大值;一年一熟、一年两熟、一年三熟作物的NDVI年内变化曲线分别呈单峰型、双峰型和三峰型波动;NDVI最小值和年均值基本上按"一年两熟或三熟作物大于一年一熟作物"的顺序变化。     

Microcomputer aided lineament analysis of Son-Mahanadi Valley coal basins,Central India from Landsat data

In the overall tectonic set up of various coal basins of the Peninsular India, the Son-Mahanadi Valley coal basins of Central India have a unique disposition. The coal measures sediments of Peninsular India are developed along well defined E-W and NW-SE trending linear narrow belts. The Son-Mahanadi Valley basins represent the tract where NW-SE trending Mahanadi Valley basins seemingly merge with the major east-west trending Damodar-Koel-Son-Satpura alignment. Landsat data of Son-Mahanadi Valley basins in the four spectral bands (0.5 to 1.1 Micrometers) were used to pick up the lineaments which are possibly of geologic origin. Detailed analysis of lineaments were carried out with the help of three softwares. Diglin (to produce rose diagram) and PLLIN (to plot digitized lineaments to produce a map on any scale) by a Hewlett Packard 45 series microcomputer equipped with graphics screen, plotter, digitiser and floppy disc unit. Detailed analysis revealed a pronounced direction roughly, N 70°E which is present in the northern half of the area while N 40°W direction is present alongwith N 70°E in the southern half. These trends correspond to the NW-SE trending Mahanadi Valley and to the E-W trending Damodar-Son Satpura belt. The above clearly brings out the striking parallelism between the lineament trends in the basement and the overlying coal bearing Gondwana Sediments. This parallelism is suggestive of a genetic relationship between the two.