角锥棱镜在FAST中的应用研究

针对500 m口径射电天文望远镜(FAST)主动反射面的测量,提出一种使用角锥棱镜的新方法,即将角锥棱镜顶点与反射面节点重合安置在FAST反射面板上,四块棱镜拼成一种可全方位观测的测量目标。为了解决该测量目标引入的系统误差,分析角锥棱镜作为测量目标时角度观测量和距离观测量与入射角的关系,给出角度观测的改正模型、距离观测改正模型以及坐标改正模型。实验结果表明该测量目标相对于圆棱镜的测量误差为±(1～3)mm左右。     

角锥棱镜有效面积的测量方法及其误差分析

设计了一种角锥棱镜有效面积的测量方法,测出了角锥棱镜在不同入射角下的实际有效面积,给出有效反射面积的理论值和实测值随入射角的变化曲线,分析了两者间中出现差异的原因。     

角锥棱镜直角误差斜入射法检测的理论分析

以矢量形式的折射、反射定律为基础 ,详细推导了角锥棱镜直角误差δ与分划板自准直双像间距t之间的关系 ,提出了基于斜入射法、利用自准直平行光管直接测量角锥棱镜直角误差的光电检测系统 ,并进行了测量精度的理论分析。     

角锥棱镜直角误差斜入射法检测的理论分析

以矢量形式的折射,反射定律为基础,详细推导了角锥棱镜直角误差δ与分划板自准直双像间距ｔ之间的关系,提出了基于斜入射法,利用自准直平行光管直接测量角锥棱镜直角误差的光电检测系统,并进行了测量精度的理论分析。     

360°棱镜的结构性能及定位精度分析

介绍了徕卡360°棱镜定位原理和结构特点,对该棱镜的性能指标(主要是棱镜的定位精度)进行了全面、系统的测试;给出了该棱镜定位精度的主要误差来源及其误差的大小和性质.首次发现徕卡360°棱镜的上棱镜面和上棱镜面的反射中心不一致,在垂直方向上存在5 mm的定位互差.分析了该棱镜偏转对棱镜定位精度的影响以及定位误差的变化规律,并给出其变化的原因.这为该棱镜的应用场合和使用方法提供了参考依据.建议在测量中尽可能地观测该棱镜的正对同一棱镜面,以避免不同棱镜面定位差别和棱镜偏转带来的影响.     

360°棱镜的结构性能及定位精度分析

介绍了徕卡360°棱镜定位原理和结构特点,对该棱镜的性能指标(主要是棱镜的定位精度)进行了全面、系统的测试;给出了该棱镜定位精度的主要误差来源及其误差的大小和性质。首次发现徕卡360°棱镜的上棱镜面和上棱镜面的反射中心不一致,在垂直方向上存在5 mm的定位互差。分析了该棱镜偏转对棱镜定位精度的影响以及定位误差的变化规律,并给出其变化的原因。这为该棱镜的应用场合和使用方法提供了参考依据。建议在测量中尽可能地观测该棱镜的正对同一棱镜面,以避免不同棱镜面定位差别和棱镜偏转带来的影响。     

免棱镜反射全站仪在房产测绘中的应用

免棱镜反射全站仪是免棱镜反射测距技术与传统全站仪的结合，它具有普通全站仪所不可替代的优点。本文主要介绍了免棱镜反射全站仪的原理构造，精度分析，以及该技术在房产测绘中的应用。     

无反射棱镜全站仪及其测试

无反射棱镜全站仪是无反射棱镜测距技术与传统全站仪的结合，它具有普通全站仪所不可替代的优点。本文主要介绍了无反射棱镜全站仪的特点，并有针对性地列举了其测试项目和测试方法。     

无棱镜全站仪结合RTK测量技术在三门海游大闸地形测量中的应用

本文以无棱镜全站仪结合RTK测量技术在三门海游大闸地形测量中的应用为例,着重介绍无棱镜全站仪与RTK相结合的测量技术在测绘领域的发展现状及其前景。通过对无棱镜测距的介绍,精度的分析,提出无棱镜测距全站仪的优势,但是面对一个整体测绘工程项目,单一的全站仪使用是不够的,应该同时结合RTK在工程中的应用。本文所使用的技术对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

对旧60°棱镜等高仪的改进及观测精度的分析

一、引言旧60°棱镜等高仪是指本世纪初发明的“大地式”60°棱镜等高仪。它的基本结构是将60°棱镜（含水银盘及棱镜校正机构）作为一般光学经纬仪的附件，构成一种既能用于一般三     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

试论地图形式美的规律

本文从六个方面阐述了地图形式美的规律性,最后进一步说明了其规律性与增强地图美感的关系。     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE WORK OF THE ORDNANCE SURVEY OF THE IRISH FREE STATE

Abstract

Up to 31st March 1922, the work in Ireland with regard to the revision and supply of Ordnance Survey Maps was governed by similar rules to those existing at the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain. No changes were made in the Irish Free State until the revision of Co. Waterford was completed on the 25-inch scale in 1923. It was then decided to depart from the usual procedure of taking up the work of the revision of Counties according to a cycle of years, and to revise those particular portions of the country in which extensive alterations had been carried out by reason of the division of properties by the Congested Districts Board and the Irish Land Commission. Accordingly, those portions of Counties Galway, Mayo and Roscommon which had undergone the greatest development were taken up for revision. In all eighty-nine sheets were specially revised and completed by 1928.     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

THE APPLICATION OF THE GAUSS METHOD OF COLLIMATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

Gauss's method of collimation is usually given scant attention in survey text-books. The following notes are based on experiments carried out at Accra in making a collimation base, the collimator being a Watts 2I-inch self-adjusting level fitted with a parallelplate micrometer.     

国外遥感技术在烃类微渗漏探测中的应用简介

油气藏中的挥发组份通过上覆地层微裂隙渗漏到地表,形成烃类物质地球化学异常晕。遥感作为一门新技术,已有效地应用到地表油气微渗漏异常的探测。本文主要介绍国外在因烃类微渗漏而造成的油气田地表土壤变化、岩石蚀变和地植物异常等方面的研究现状,以及国外在探索其形成机制方面的进展,并介绍国外石油遥感专家利用各种遥感手段进行烃类微渗漏探测的有效方法,望能达到推动我国石油遥感研究进一步深入与发展的目的。