亚洲500毫巴环流指数的若干特徵

本文参考計算环流指数的方法,計算了亚洲地区(60—150°E)500毫巴多年月平均图上的緯向和經向环流指数,研究了它們随緯度变化的性貭和季节变化的特征,并与全北半球的环流指数相比較.在詳細地計算了亚洲中高緯度地区(60—150°E,45—65°N)逐候(或自然天气周期)的环流指数的基础上,討論了月平均环流指数的性貭、分布情况和季节变化的特征,統計分析了它們的某些天气气候規律。最后,分析了亚洲环流指数的多年变化及与我国天气的关系,指出它們具有长周期的振动,并与太阳活动有一定的关联。     

广东前汛期降水预报因子的初步探讨

降水成因研究一直是气象工作者的研究课题。广东地处低纬,中低纬各种环流系统都可能对它产生影响,使降水成因更加复杂,因此有必要进一步研究。本文从高、中、低纬环流特征入手,分析探讨前汛期降水的前期因子,并尝试作预报。１　资料和方法　　本文所用的资料有：１９６１～１９９６年副热带高压４个特征指数（包括西脊点、北界位置、强度和面积）、印缅槽指数、亚洲经（纬）向环流指数、欧亚经（纬）向环流指数、太平洋极涡面积指数和亚洲极涡指数１１个环流特征量月资料,广东３４个测站月降水量。将广东分为西北部、东北部、中部、西…     

近58年陕西省水热资源变化及其与亚洲环流的相关分析

采用常规统计、功率谱和交叉小波变换方法,分析了陕西省1951—208年的平均气温、降水量以及亚洲环流指数的时频域统计特征,讨论了陕西省近58年水热资源变化与亚洲环流指数之间的多时间尺度相关。结果表明,陕西省水热资源和亚洲环流指数的变化具有多时间尺度结构,两者都存在准2a、4a、6～8a和12～16a尺度的显著变化周期,不同尺度周期振荡能量的强弱和时域分布位相存在明显差异。气温变化与纬向环流指数之间表现为显著的正相关振荡,而降水变化与经向环流指数为负相关振荡。东亚及南亚夏季风、极涡和北大西洋涛动对陕西省水热资源变化也存在不同程度的影响。     

内蒙古农区汛期降水长期预报

1引言本文在《内蒙古农区夏秋季旱涝年环流背景的统计分析》[1]的基础上，进一步从预报角度分析汛期降水与前期500hPa月平均高度场的关系。通过对2、3、4区极涡面积指数、亚欧及亚洲纬向环流指数与经向环流指数、东亚大槽位置、强度以及西北太平洋副热带高压面积指数等因子逐个     

青藏高原春季积雪异常对亚洲季风降水影响的数值试验

该文利用一个移植和改进的ＣＯＬＡＡＧＣＭ谱模式，进行了青藏高原春季积雪异常对亚洲夏季风环流和降水影响的数值试验。试验结果指出：高原地区３月份积雪增多，亚洲地区６，７月的夏季风环流明显减弱，降水减少。     

资料

1习93年5’月500hPa环流指数、环流特征里资料、·-一‘.·中央气象台长期预报科环流指数西太平洋副热带高压东亚槽极涡月,平均候平均面积指数强度指数西伸‘脊点脊线位置d匕界位置平均位置平均强度.中心位置.强度绎牢纬度‘12,.3456亚欧地区,I:IM1 .040 .600.790 .700 .960 .591 .130 .420 .980 .74l一12Q·651 .280.三0276690l52215621990’7026亚洲地区IzIM:1 .3210.601 .130 .771 .54Q.’58‘1 .490 .391 .410 .781 .33Q.521 .000 .541993年5月亚洲地区逐日500hPa西风环流指数 中央气象台中期预报科日口国口口口口口国国国国国国国…     

应用大气环流指数制作黔东南月季气候预报的探讨

通过回归分析得到黔东南州月、季降雨量和气温与西太平洋副高强度指数、亚洲极涡指数和印缅低槽指数等3个大气环流指数的线性回归方程。对各方程进行回归效果分析和实际预测检验,结果显示多数方程在0.05信度水平上回归效果显著,预测值与实况值接近的百分率和预测趋势正确百分率为70%左右,少数可达90%左右。     

宁夏春季沙尘暴与气象要素及环流指数的关系

利用1961-2000年宁夏中北部5站的地面观测资料分析了前期气温、降水对宁夏中北部沙尘暴发生频数的影响,并讨论了亚洲环流指数与沙尘暴发生频数的关系。结果表明：宁夏中北部春季沙尘暴发生的频数与前一年的降水量和前冬气温的关系都呈反相关;春季3、4月沙尘暴的发生频数与同期亚洲环流指数为正相关关系。由于地貌和下垫面的差异以及人类活动的影响,所选各站的春季沙尘发生频数与其上年降水量的相关程度有明显差异;而各站所处的地理位置、上风方下垫面状况的差异可能是造成亚洲环流指数与其沙尘暴发生频数的相关程度差异的原因。     

北半球50 hPa平均环流场的气候特征及其与我国夏季降水关系的初步分析

通过分析北半球５０ｈＰａ平均环流场及其月际差、方差分布,得出５０ｈＰａ平均环流场以季节变化最显著,同时计算了我国东部华北、淮河、长江中下游、江南和华南等５个区夏季降水指数与前期冬季１２～２月、春季３～５月、同期６～８月北半球５０ｈＰａ环流的相关,其中以屯前期春季３～５月５０ｈＰａ平均环流的关系最显著。     

大型环流“季节振动”的统计分析及其应用

在大范围谷物产量与大型环流准周期振动的分析工作中,作者发现还存在着一类非周期性的“季节振动”。在东亚部分地区,从冬到春(3个月)和从冬到夏(5个月)的振动十分明显,配合粮食作物产量的分析预测工作,已应用在长江下游地区春粮和夏粮的年景预报方法上。     

Nonlinear meridional scale interaction in baroclinic instability

Baroclinic instability of a zonal flow with latitudinal structure is examined using a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic, two-level β-plane model. An initially small perturbation with the structure of the linearly most unstable mode is allowed to grow to finite amplitude through nonlinear interaction. Because of latitudinal asymmetries of the basic zonal flow, a spectrum of meridional modes is generated in the perturbation. The time evolution of zonal wind and perturbation meridional structures, and their Fourier meridional mode spectra are examined. The radius of deformation is an important meridional scale in both the zonal flow and perturbation. This is especially true during the barotropic decay phase of the baroclinic wave. Time series of energy conversion terms show there is no energy accumulation.     

The effects of latitudinal asymmetries on baroclinic instability

Abstract

Baroclinic instability of zonal flows with different latitudinal structures is examined, using a linear, quasi‐geostrophic two‐level ß‐plane model. The flows have different amounts of skew, with respect to the channel centre, at different vertical levels. The results are interpreted in terms of the instability of the baroclinic components of the zonal flows. Because of the presence of latitudinal asymmetries, a spectrum of meridional modes is generated in the perturbation. In general, the meridional spectrum has two peaks: a primary peak at the planetary basic flow scale, and a secondary peak near the radius of deformation. As neutral stability is approached, the latter scale becomes more important, i.e. there is a tendency for more small‐scale structure near neutral stability. The perturbation zonal scale is close to the radius of deformation. The eddy amplitudes and momentum fluxes are also examined. The case that best applies to the atmosphere is also discussed.     

Spatiotemporal variability of meridional mass transport in the North Atlantic

Analyzed is the interannual variability of the meridional mass transport ψ_S in the North Atlantic based on the Sverdrup relation. The continuous (1980–2005) monthly wind stress dataset with the spatial resolution of 1 × 1° was used as the initial data. Sverdrup transport analysis performed for different latitudinal transects within the North Atlantic subtropical gyre demonstrated that the maximum long-term Sverdrup transport (?25.2 Sv) can be found at 33°N. Studied is a mechanism of the interaction between the meridional Sverdrup transport and the water flow in the Florida Strait. The significant correlation coefficient (0.5) is revealed for the Florida Strait water discharge and the mass transport at 27°N. Analyzed is the relationship between ψ_S and the North Atlantic Oscillation index and the statistically significant correlation coefficient (0.45) is obtained for the Sverdrup transport at 49°N.     

大尺度瞬变涡旋经向热量和水沟通量在纬向平均气流形成中的效应

在一个纬向平均模式中加入大尺度瞬变涡旋经向热量和水汽通量参数化方案。模拟出涡动通量的空间分布和时间变化。实验表明，涡动通量在中高、纬地区大气能量输送过程中起重要作用。应用上述参数化方案提高了模式的模拟能力。     

Sensitivity experiments performed with an energy balance atmosphere model coupled to an advection-diffusion ocean model

Summary In this paper a simple climate model is presented which is used to perform some sensitivity experiments. The atmospheric part is represented by a vertically and zonally averaged layer in which the surface air temperature, radiative fluxes at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere, the turbulent fluxes between atmosphere and surface and the snow cover are calculated. This atmospheric layer is coupled to a two-dimensional advection-diffusion ocean model in which the zonal overturning pattern is prescribed. The ocean model evaluates the temperature distribution, the amount of sea-ice and the meridional and vertical heat fluxes. The present-day climate simulated by the model compares reasonably well with observations of the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of temperature, radiation, surface alebdo, sea-ice and snow cover and meridional energy fluxes. Then, the sensitivity of the model-simulated present-day climate to perturbations in the incident solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere is investigated. The temperature response displays large latitudinal and seasonal variations, which is in qualitative agreement with results obtained with other climate models. It is found that the seasonal variation of sea-ice cover (and hence, the effective oceanic heat capacity) is one of the most important elements determining seasonal variations in climate sensitivity. Differences in sensitivity between the seasonal and annual mean version of the model are discussed. Finally, the equilibrium response to perturbations in some selected model variables is presented; these variables include meridional diffusion coefficients, drag coefficient, sea-ice thickness, atmospheric CO₂-concentration and cloud optical thickness.With 13 Figures     

东亚500hpa月平均高度场的切比雪夫系数与南方涛动的耦合振荡关系

气象要素场通常可以通过多种方法,如经验正交函数,切比雪夫正交多项式等,分解成若干典型气象要素场。后者已由规则格点推广到不规则格点[1]。张家诚[2]、陈玉琼[3]等先后探讨了长江中下游降水和温度与东亚500hPa月平均高度场的切比雪夫正交多项式系数（以下简称为切比雪夫系数）的关系,作者也分析了我国西北地区夏季干、湿状况与东亚经向环流指数（A₁₀）之间的联系[4]。但是,就东亚500hPa月平均高度场切比雪夫系数本身气候振荡的研究仍涉及不多。而这一方面的研究对于加深了解我国大范围的气候异常是有益的。      

夏季东亚副热带经圈环流特征及其对长江流域降水的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR 1979-2009年月平均风场资料,用质量流函数来定义东亚副热带的经圈环流指数,分析夏季(6-8月)东亚副热带经圈环流特征.结果表明,夏季东亚地区受反Hadlev环流影响,表现出与全球平均经圈环流不同的特征,用指数表征的东亚副热带经圈环流强度存在明显的年际和年代际变化.另外,利用相关性及水汽通量...     

南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压经纬向位置配置对中国东部夏季降水的影响

利用1951—2016年逐月中国160站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料和NOAA_ERSST_V4海表温度资料,分析了南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压(西太平洋副高)经、纬向位置的关系及其位置配置对中国东部夏季降水的影响,结果表明:(1)南亚高压与西太平洋副高在纬向上的东西进退存在明显的反相关系,在经向上主要存在一致变化的特征,并依此定义了纬向、经向位置指数。纬向位置指数大(小)表示南亚高压与西太平洋副高纬向上距离远(近),经向位置指数大(小)表示两高压经向位置均趋于偏北(南);(2)纬向位置指数与我国华北、华南沿海地区降水呈显著正相关,而与长江中下游、东北北部地区降水呈显著负相关;经向位置指数与我国华北、东北南部地区降水呈显著正相关,而与我国江南、华南地区降水呈显著负相关;(3)南亚高压与西太平洋副高的经向、纬向位置指数与关键海区的前期春季、同期夏季海表温度均有显著的相关,热带太平洋-印度洋、北印度洋、中东太平洋前期春季、同期夏季海表温度与南亚高压东脊点呈显著正相关,与南亚高压脊线及西太平洋副高西脊点均呈显著负相关,而北太平洋海表温度主要与西太平洋副高脊线呈显著正相关。      

STUDY ON THE VARIATION IN THE CONFIGURATION OF SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONE AND ITS MECHANISM DURING SEASONAL TRANSITION-PART Ⅲ:THERMODYNAMIC DIAGNOSES

The mechanisms for the variation in the configuration of subtropical anticyclone during seasonal transition are explored from energy budget using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Based on the seasonal variations of temperature and heating fields,it is found that the significant diabatic heating associated with spring precipitation over southern China has impacts on subsequent Asian seasonal transition.The reversal of meridional temperature gradient in the vicinity of the WEB (westerly-easterly boundary) in the middle and upper troposphere also depends on the latitudinal position where temperature ridge locates.The northward shift of the warm temperature ridge results from the fact that the local temperature increase to the north of the WEB is more than that in its vicinity.The diagnostic results through thermodynamic equation show that physical mechanism responsible for seasonal transition is different from area to area over the Asian monsoon region.The dominant factors responsible for northward shift of the Bay of Bengal warm ridge are the meridional temperature in initial stages of the onset and the descending motion after the onset. The factors for causing the northward jump of the South China Sea warm ridge involve the zonal temperature advection,meridional temperature advection,and diabatic heating associated with the southern China spring rainfall.The subsidence is the factor leading to the northward migration of the South Asia warm ridge.     

Meridional Propagation of the 30- to 60-day Variability of Precipitation in the East Asian Subtropical Summer Monsoon Region: Monitoring and Prediction

The meridional propagation of the 30- to 60-day intraseasonal variability (ISV) of precipitation in the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon (EASSM) region and its monitoring and prediction are investigated in the current study. Based on a multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analysis of precipitation and relative vorticity at 700?hPa in East Asia, a bivariate index referred to as the EASSM-ISV index is designed using the two leading MV-EOF modes, with the objective of real-time monitoring of the 30- to 60-day variability of precipitation in the EASSM region. It is found that this index, with its eight phases, can explain the meridional propagation of the 30- to 60-day ISV in precipitation and circulation in the EASSM region. Based on a singular value decomposition technique, a statistical forecast model is developed in which the EASSM-ISV indices from the preceding five pentads are used to predict the indices in five pentads in the future. Meanwhile, the indices are used to predict the meridional propagation of the 30- to 60-day precipitation anomaly in the EASSM region. This model thus provides a useful tool for intraseasonal prediction of precipitation during the rainy season in China.