含水率单次递减条件下粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土盐胀的室内模拟试验

为探究粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土含水率单次递减条件下的盐胀特性,利用自主设计的多功能盐胀试验装置,开展了粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土盐胀率随4因素(孔隙比、含盐量、温度、初始含水率)变化规律的试验研究。试验结果表明,硫酸盐渍土的体积变化受两种效应的影响:含水率递减引起的干缩效应以及土体中硫酸钠相态变化引起的盐胀效应。含水率单次递减过程中硫酸盐渍土的失水速率与硫酸盐渍土的孔隙比、试样温度、初始含水率呈正相关关系;而与硫酸盐渍土的含盐量呈负相关关系。试验结果中部分试样的盐胀率达到了9%,这表明粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土在含水率单次递减条件下引发的盐胀不容忽略。其研究结果可为西北地区高含盐量的残余型硫酸盐渍土的盐胀性评价提供参考依据。     

典型天然粗粒盐渍土盐胀微观机制分析

为研究经多次冻融循环后天然粗粒盐渍土的盐胀特性及盐胀机制,对取自甘肃河西走廊地区嘉安一级公路沿线的某天然料场的粗粒盐渍土进行了室内基本工程性质试验和大尺寸多次冻融循环盐胀模型试验,并对经过多次冻融循环试验以后的天然盐渍土进行水盐迁移及扫描电镜分析。试验结果表明,粗粒盐渍土在降温阶段土体产生盐胀后亦会出现下陷,最终土体溶陷量大于盐胀量,冻融循环次数的增加会使粗粒盐渍土大颗粒骨架塌陷破坏及一维土柱体从上而下表现出热筛效应;多次冻融循环后的水分盐分在粗粒土柱剖面中的迁移呈现出不完全对应的分布关系。     

粗颗粒盐渍土路用填料可用性指标研究

盐渍土盐胀的主要控制因素有土、水、盐、温、力. 采用均匀设计方法, 通过系列室内单次降温盐胀试验, 研究了粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土的盐胀特性及其作为路基填料的可用性. 结果表明: 影响粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土盐胀量大小的主要控制因素是含盐量、含水率及初始干容重, 且三个因素互为联系及彼此影响.上覆附加荷载对盐胀量大小具有很强的抑制作用,砾类盐渍土起胀含盐量约0.4%, 砂类盐渍土起胀含盐量约为0.2%. 盐胀活跃温度区间主要为5～-5 ℃, 活跃温度区间主要控制因素是含水率;如果初始干容重较低, 盐胀过程中会发生体缩现象.     

温降时之盐分重分布及盐胀试验研究

盐渍土广泛分布于西北、内蒙、东北及山东等地区,由于温差变化与蒸发作用,土壤水溶液中的盐分将部分离析出并结晶,同时部分盐分将从暖区向冷区、自湿区向干区迁移、聚集且结晶,导致土体积膨胀,即盐胀(亦称松胀)。土的盐胀作用给土木、水利、道路、机场等工程带来特殊的工程地质问题。本文通过试验研究,讨论了降温时土中盐分的重分布及盐胀现象,盐胀的不可逆性及激烈盐胀温度区,期望对工程防治盐胀病害有所见益。     

硫酸（亚硫酸）盐渍土单次盐胀和冻胀发育规律研究

对盐胀和冻胀规律的研究有助于深入认识硫酸（亚硫酸）盐渍土的工程性质。通过对天山北麓水磨河流域细土平原区硫酸（亚硫酸）盐渍土盐胀和冻胀试验研究发现：（1）随着温度的降低,试样盐胀和冻胀率逐渐增大。试样冻结前土体产生的膨胀是盐胀,试样冻结后产生的膨胀是盐胀和冻胀,当土体达到-15℃以后,土体盐胀和冻胀趋于稳定。（2）硫酸钠含量不变的情况下,随着含水量的增大,其起胀温度降低。土体起胀温度取决于土体中硫酸钠析水结晶温度、硫酸钠结晶含量的多少、土体结构、内摩阻力、粘聚力、土颗粒间的引力、土体孔隙间和孔隙接触间吸收结晶硫酸钠的程度。（3）硫酸钠含量增加,其单次盐胀和冻胀率变化区间增大。     

硫酸盐渍土盐胀特性试验及分析

硫酸盐渍土分布广泛,其盐胀特性给工程建设带来诸多困难,以往许多这方面的研究多是通过向非盐渍土中掺入不同比例的盐分,人工制备成盐渍土样进行,且仅侧重于盐胀率的测试和分析,对盐胀压力的研究很少.结合硫酸盐渍土地区工程现场出现的渠道面板胀裂变形等问题,取样天然硫酸盐渍土,对单因素影响下的硫酸盐渍土膨胀率进行测试和分析,对各因素作用下的盐胀机理加以分析,并对法向膨胀力进行测试,与非盐渍土的冻胀力进行对比后,发现硫酸盐渍土具有较大的法向盐胀压力,建议设计分析中需在试验的基础上考虑盐胀的影响.     

细粒土含量对粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基填料盐胀特性的影响试验及分析模型

为了明确细粒土含量对粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基填料盐胀量的影响,针对 1% 和 3%含盐量工况下的砂、砾类盐渍土,采用降温试验研究了细粒土含量递增条件下粗粒硫酸盐渍土的盐胀特点。在此基础上,利用 PFC^3D技术模拟了粗粒盐渍土的盐胀变形并分析其机制,结合微观试验分析了盐胀状态中粗粒土骨架典型状态。结果表明：随着细粒土含量的增加,粗粒硫酸盐渍土的盐（冻）胀量均先增加后减少再增大,分界细粒土含量因含盐量及土类不同而异,1%、3% 含盐量的砂、砾类土样分别在15%和10%细粒土含量时产生最大盐（冻）胀量;3%含盐量砂、砾类土的起始盐胀温度约 20 ℃,1%含盐量土样的起始盐胀温度随细粒土含量及土种类不同差异较大且存在明显的界限细粒土含量,当细粒土含量低于界限值时土体的起始盐胀温度约为0.5～2 ℃,高于界限值时土体的起始盐胀温度约为 4～12 ℃;同时提出了盐胀状态中粗粒土骨架典型状态模型及其作为路基填料的细粒土含量界限值。     

含氯盐和硫酸盐类盐渍土膨胀特性的研究

对含氯盐和硫酸盐类盐渍土的盐胀规律及影响因素进行了较为系统的试验研究，得出了盐胀随温度变化的若干规律，即盐胀随温度变化的关系式，起胀温度与各影响因素之间的关系式，盐胀与降温速度的关系式，成型温度对盐胀规律的影响等。分析了Ｎａ２ＳＯ４含量，ＮａＣｌ含量，Ｃｌ＾－／ＳＯ４＾２－，含水量对盐胀的影响，给出了盐胀与各影响因素之间的关系式。     

敦煌民用机场地基的破坏机制与治理对策

根据甘肃敦煌机场场道勘察及专项研究结果得出,跑道地基的破坏是由于盐渍土盐胀作用所致。盐胀作用不仅与地基土的组成有关,而且与其含盐量、含盐类型、温度和含水量等因素有关。作者分析了河西走廊粗颗粒硫酸盐盐渍土盐胀作用机理,针对其成因机制提出了相应的治理措施。     

硫酸盐渍土在不同降温速率下的盐胀规律

降温速率对硫酸盐渍土的盐胀率有显著影响。随降温速率的减小，各种含盐量、密实度的硫酸渍土的盐胀率以幂函数增长，其通式为ｙ＝ＡＶＴ＾－Ｂ，但其增长规律彼此又有显著差别，主要表现在Ａ、Ｂ参数的变化上，在试验范围内，Ａ、Ｂ值随含盐量的增加而增加，随密度的增大而减小。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861