Cyclic test of a coupled steel plate shear wall substructure

Coupled steel plate shear wall (C‐SPSW) consists of two or more steel plate shear walls interconnected by coupling beams at the floor levels. In this study, a six‐story C‐SPSW prototype building was designed. A 40% scale C‐SPSW specimen, which is representative of the bottom two‐and‐half‐story substructure of the prototype, was cyclically tested using Multi‐Axial Testing System at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2009. In addition to a constant vertical force representing the gravity load effects, cyclic increasing displacements and the corresponding overturning moments transmitted from the upper stories were computed online and simultaneously applied on the substructural specimen. This paper firstly introduces the designs of the prototype C‐SPSW and the test specimen. Then, the test results and the numerical simulation are discussed in detail. Test results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed column capacity design method, which aims at limiting the plastic hinge formation within the bottom quarter height of the bottom column. Test and analytical results suggest that the coupling beam rotational demands can be estimated as the design story drifts when the formation of desirable plastic mechanism of the C‐SPSW is expected. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non-linear analysis of coupled wall systems

The non-linear response history and failure mechanism of coupled wall systems under dynamic loads and static loads are investigated through an analytical model. The walls and coupling beams are replaced by flexural elements. Axial and shear stiffnesses are included for the wall members. The stiffness characteristics of each member are determined by inelastic properties. The suitable hysteresis loops to each constituent member are established to include the specific characteristics of coupled wall systems. The computed results are compared with results obtained from tests using model structures statically and dynamically tested on the Illinois Earthquake Simulator.     

Approximate frequency analysis of shear wall frame structures

The finite strip method is used to determine the natural frequencies of shear wall frame buildings. The structure can be modelled in two different ways. In the first approach both the shear walls and the frames are idealized simply as an assemblage of finite strips of varying thicknesses with given or computed properties, while in the second approach the shear walls are still idealized as a series of finite strips, but the frames are regarded as a number of long columns which are interconnected with each other or with finite strips through the horizontal beams. Numerical results obtained from both models indicate good agreement with finite element solutions. The proposed models can be applied to a wide range of shear wall frame assemblies and are therefore more versatile than most existing models.     

Approximate analysis of natural vibrations of coupled shear walls

The continuous connection technique is used to analyse the free vibrations of a system of coupled shear walls. The dynamic equation is expressed in integro-differential form, and the natural modes and frequencies are determined by the Galerkin method. Theoretical results are compared with published experimental data.     

框剪结构剪力墙中断条件的时程分析

用杆系-层模型和Wilson-θ法,以及El Centro地震记录,分析不同高度和结构刚度特征值的断层剪力墙的框剪结构地震反应。设定可中断剪力墙的高度的条件,计算表明:可中断剪力墙高度的主要因素为上部框架的抗剪能力;随着刚度特征值的增加,可中断剪力墙的高度随之增加,给出了两者之间的表达式;结构高度对中断剪力墙高度的影响较小。     

Inelastic analysis of R/C coupled shear walls

This paper presents a method of analysis capable of calculating the response of an R/C coupled shear wall structure subjected to strong earthquake motion without major complications existing in the method itself. The relative simplicity is achieved while retaining reasonable reliability in the computed response. The reliability of the computed results are tested against 1- the measured responses of a cantilever column member and a 6-storey coupled shear wall system under static cyclic lateral loads; and 2- the measured responses of two coupled shear wall structures which were subjected to simulated earthquake motions on the University of Illinois Earthquake Simulator. The effects of moment-axial force interaction in the wall members on the computed overall responses of the coupled shear wall structures and on the behaviour of each individual wall are discussed.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete shear wall structures

During strong ground motions, structural members made of reinforced concrete undergo cyclic deformations and experience permanent damage. Members may lose their initial stiffness as well as strength. Recently, Los Alamos National Laboratory has performed experiments on scale models of shear wall structures subjected to recorded earthquake signals. In general, the results indicated that the measured structural stiffnesses decreased with increased levels of excitation in the linear response region. Furthermore, a significant reduction in strength as well as in stiffness is also observed in the inelastic range. Since the in-structure floor response spectra which are used to design and qualify safety equipment have been based on calculated structural stiffness and frequencies, it is possible that certain safety equipment could experience greater seismic loads than were specified for qualification due to stiffness reduction.In this research, a hysteresis model based on the concept of accumulated damage has been developed to account for this stiffness degradation both in the linear and inelastic ranges. Single and three-degrees-of-freedom seismic Category I structures were analysed and compared with equivalent linear stiffness degradation models in terms of maximum displacement responses, permanent displacement, and floor response spectra. The results indicate significant differences in response between the hysteresis model and equivalent linear stiffness degradation model at PGA levels of greater than 0.8 g. The hysteresis model is used in the analysis of reinforced concrete shear-wall structures to obtain the in-structure response spectra. Results of both cumulative and one shot tests are compared.     

带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙结构是一种新型的中高层住宅结构体系,已有较多的工程应用,但是短肢剪力墙的抗震性能较差,如何提高短肢剪力墙的抗震性能是目前工程界十分关注的问题。本文提出了带暗支撑短肢剪力墙,并以典型的双肢短肢剪力墙为例,选择了4个1/3缩尺的双肢短肢剪力墙试验模型,2个为普通双肢短肢剪力墙模型,2个为带暗支撑双肢剪力墙模型,进行了对比性的抗震性能试验研究,较系统地分析了带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙的承载力、刚度、延性、耗能能力及破坏特征,建立了承载力计算模型,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。试验表明,带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙的抗震能力比普通双肢短肢剪力墙显著提高。     

复杂框支剪力墙结构空间弹塑性分析

结合某复杂框支剪力墙高层商住楼的模拟地震振动台试验和三维弹性有限元分析结果,提出该结构进行弹塑性地震反应分析的计算假定和弹塑性分析计算单元,建立了空问分析模型,进行了弹塑性动力时程分析,计算结果与试验结果比较接近。提出的计算方法对类似结构的弹塑性分析有一定的参考价值。     

建筑模网混凝土剪力墙抗剪承载力分析

建筑模网混凝土剪力墙是一种新型的组合结构。为了分析模网混凝土剪力墙的抗剪承载力,整理了21组模网混凝土剪力墙的抗震拟静力试验数据,采用灰关联分析方法分析了各影响因子对其抗剪强度的影响程度;并对抗剪强度进行了回归分析。分析结果表明,在模网混凝土抗剪强度的各影响因子中,轴力的影响权重最大,墙体有效面积的影响次之,折钩拉筋的影响最小。回归分析亦得到了相同的结论。     

T形短肢剪力墙弹塑性模型及地震反应分析

根据短肢剪力墙结构的受力和变形特点,对多竖直杆模型进行了改进,建立了截面位移模型,摒弃了杆模型平截面假定的限制,有效地考虑了剪滞效应和翼缘的影响。利用变分原理导出了T形短肢剪力墙的空间单元刚度矩阵,研制了弹塑性时程分析程序,并输入三种不同的地震动进行了算例分析,计算结果表明,短肢剪力墙结构抗震性能较好,适合于在地震区推广使用。     

An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the "strong wall and weak beam" principle.     

考虑抗震墙剪切变形情况下对框架-抗震墙协同工作分析探讨

通过建立框架-抗震墙结构单元模型，采用在楼层处有集中力而在楼层之间有分布力的地震作用模式并考虑抗震墙剪切变形的影响，得到了结构内力和变形之间的公式。根据实例分析可得抗震墙剪切变形对整体结构变形影响很小，因此一般情况下在计算框架-抗震墙结构时忽略剪切变形是合理的；同时发现框架剪切刚度越大，抗震墙剪切变形对框架-抗震墙结构整体变形的影响就越大，反之则越小。     

暗支撑剪力墙非线性分析模型

建立了适合于带暗支撑剪力墙非线性分析的宏观单元模型,分别用带斜杆的多垂直杆单元模型和模拟框架单元模型对2个带暗支撑剪力墙进行了静力弹塑性分析,给出了模拟框架单元模型的刚度矩阵和杆件非线性力-变形关系,对两种不同单元模型的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明该两种模型能够较好反映带暗支撑剪力墙的弹性和塑性阶段的受力特点。     

短肢剪力墙应变演化及破坏模式分析

由于应力重分布,钢筋混凝土结构在地震作用下的应力分布变化多端、复杂,其变化过程可从应变分布演化过程来反映.通过追踪6个T形截面短肢剪力墙的应变演化过程,还原了试件在低周反复荷载作用下的应力变化全过程.在上述基础上,对试件的破坏模式做出了准确的分析,进而准确地找出了试件的薄弱部位、提出了一些加固意见,并探讨了平截面假定的适用性.     

并联剪力墙地震反应分析的样条函数方法

本文根据并联剪力墙振型分解的地震反应控制微分方程，构造三次样条基函数，用样条函数方法对并联剪力墙进行地震反应时程分析，建立样条最小二乘法和样条伽辽金法的时程分析计算格式，本文方法所建立的动力刚度矩阵的半带宽仅为4，计算简便，易于编程，是一个简便，有效的分析方法。     

短肢剪力墙空间剪滞墙元模型

通过对短肢剪力墙受力分析的研究,考虑了翼板的“剪力滞后”效应,构造了新的纵向位移函数,利用能量变分原理导出了考虑剪滞效应和剪切变形的控制方程和边界条件,并以控制方程的解析解为形函数,利用边界条件和刚度法建立了异形截面短肢剪力墙的统一单元刚度矩阵,并利用空间变换原理建立了空间分析刚度矩阵。通过算例并和其它分析模型比较,结果表明本方法能求得较满意的结果。     

Free vibrations of coupled shear walls

The continuous connection method of analysis is extended to deal with the free vibrations of a coupled shear wall structure. The natural modes and frequencies are determined from the Galerkin technique, and the dynamic response following an imposed lateral displacement is evaluated. A comparison is made between theoretical predictions of natural frequencies and the results from tests on model structures.     

轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙延性的非线性有限元分析

轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙结构作为新型结构在工程界要得到认同并推广使用,必须对该结构的各项性能指标进行系统的试验研究和理论分析。本文应用ADINA有限元软件对轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙延性进行非线性有限元分析,根据不同的高宽比、轴压比、轻钢骨配筋率以及端部配筋模型的计算结果,对该结构体系的延性及其破坏形态进行综合分析,并对轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙轴压比设计提出建议。分析结果表明,高宽比主要控制轻钢骨混凝土剪力墙的破坏形态,轴压比对其结构的延性的影响最为显著,而端部配筋对其延性影响不大。     

钢管混凝土叠合边框内藏钢板-钢桁架双肢剪力墙抗震研究

在大连国际会议中心核心筒墙体抗震设计中,采用了一种钢管混凝土叠合边框墙肢内藏钢板、连梁内藏钢桁架的组合双肢剪力墙。为研究其抗震性能,进行了1个1/7缩尺的这种新型组合双肢剪力墙模型的低周反复荷载试验,分析了其承载力、延性、刚度及其退化、滞回特性、耗能能力和破坏特征,重点研究了钢管混凝土叠合边框、墙肢内藏钢板、连梁内藏钢桁架之间的共同工作性能。研究表明:内藏钢板-钢桁架可显著提高钢管混凝土叠合边框双肢剪力墙的承载力和延性性能;钢管混凝土叠合边框可充分发挥其承载力高、不易开裂、延性好的优势。文中提出了该新型组合双肢剪力墙的承载力计算模型,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。