洞庭湖综合治理中根治“地质灾害”的重要性

本文从洞庭湖区环境地质条件入手，分析堤防失事及所存在的险工险段与地质缺陷的关系，指出地质灾害是造成防洪工程失事不可忽视的因素。在洞庭湖区综合治理过程中，应注重对地质缺陷的治理。     

大汶河流域洪灾的成因及防治对策

阐述了大汶河流域洪涝灾害的特点,并对洪涝灾害发生的原因进行了分析,提出了预防为主、综合治理、系统防治和重点防治相结合、标本兼治的防治思路及具体防治对策.     

洞庭湖综合治理中根治“地质灾害”的重要性

本文从洞庭湖区环境地质条件入手,分析堤防失事及所存在的险工险段与地质缺陷的关系,指出地质灾害是造成防洪工程失事不可忽视的因素。在洞庭湖区综合治理过程中,应注重对地质缺陷的治理     

陕西省渭河流域综合治理成效及对策建议探析

以渭河陕西段综合治理工程为例,通过对陕西省渭河流域综合治理思路、治理成效、治理效益进行总结评价,归纳治理中存在问题,提出具体治理对策建议。分析认为：渭河流域综合治理工程的实施获得了良好的生态保护成效,经济效益、生态效益及社会效益显著,基本实现“河清、水畅、岸绿、景美”的治理目标。综合治理中仍然存在洪涝灾害严峻、渭河水质污染现象频发、监督管理制度不健全不完善及水土流失制约流域生态系统稳定等问题。针对存在问题,从治理洪涝灾害、改善水质、加强科学监督管理和建立统筹治理措施等方面提出具体对策建议,为巩固渭河流域生态治理成果及促进沿渭地区经济高质量发展提供参考依据。     

不适当筑堤围垸对洞庭湖区环境的影响

洞庭湖区堤防是湖区人民为了拓展生存空间与水争地而采取的一种工程建筑措施。它在为湖区人民增加土地资源的同时,也带来了一系列的环境问题。在1949年至1985年期间,由于人口迅速增长,土地不够用,在国家政策的鼓励下,人们开始在洞庭湖区盲目地开发湿地,大量修筑堤防、围湖造田,使人类赖以生存和持续发展的环境基础遭到破坏,造成严重后果。文章通过大量资料,对洞庭湖区自1949年以来大规模的修筑堤防后,几十年间产生的泥沙淤积变化情况、汛期洪水位变化情况、湖域面积及湖容积的变化、湖泊调蓄功能的变化情况、洪涝灾害发生频率及灾情损失情况、环境地质灾害隐患增加情况等进行了统计分析,从环境地质的角度论述了因不适当的修筑堤防对洞庭湖区环境产生的负面影响。     

上海洪涝灾害的地面沉降因素及其长期的影响

近年来上海地区洪涝灾害时有发生，造成洪涝灾害的主要原因有暴雨、黄浦江上游洪水等自然因素，但与人类活动所产生地质环境变化也有密切的关系，其中地面沉降是使上海市防汛压力不断增大的重要因素。地面沉降使上海市区地面标高严重降低，所形成的地面沉降洼地已改变了区域地貌形态，并使市区河床相对抬高，部分地区已形成了“地上河”。同时，地面沉降直接降低了防汛（洪）设施的防御能力，导致高潮位时河水的漫溢和倒灌，增加了发生管涌管地质灾害的隐患。60年代采取控制措施以来，上海市地面沉降防治取得了很好的成效，但其产生的影响是长期、严重的，加大减灾力度，实行综合治理，在有效防治洪涝灾害的同时全面提高地面沉降防治水平是促进上海可持续发展重要环节。     

九八长江洪涝灾害成因及防治方略的思考——兼论人与自然的和谐共存关系

１９９８年长江洪涝灾害的形成有自然的和人为的两种原因,系天、地、生、人多种因素同时作用的结果,是人类与自然不协调的表现。防治长江洪涝灾害要全面规划;上、下游与大、中、小流域综合治理;要除害兴利将治理与开发相结合;要注意处理好与自然和谐共存关系。     

中国城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究进展

近年来，在全球气候变化和城市化快速发展的共同影响下，中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重，已经成为影响中国城市公共安全的突出问题，严重制约经济社会的持续健康发展。变化环境下城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究是完善城市防洪除涝减灾体系、提升城市防洪除涝能力的重要依据。本文阐述了气候变化和城市化发展对城市洪涝灾害的影响机制，系统分析了城市洪涝灾害的驱动要素和致灾机理，梳理了城市洪涝灾害的风险评估和分区方法，并以济南市海绵城市示范区为例，对城市洪涝灾害风险分区方法进行了分析和对比。     

中国城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究进展

近年来，在全球气候变化和城市化快速发展的共同影响下，中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重，已经成为影响中国城市公共安全的突出问题，严重制约经济社会的持续健康发展。变化环境下城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究是完善城市防洪除涝减灾体系、提升城市防洪除涝能力的重要依据。本文阐述了气候变化和城市化发展对城市洪涝灾害的影响机制，系统分析了城市洪涝灾害的驱动要素和致灾机理，梳理了城市洪涝灾害的风险评估和分区方法，并以济南市海绵城市示范区为例，对城市洪涝灾害风险分区方法进行了分析和对比。     

建立洞庭湖区“垸坝稳定,湖盆演化及洪涝灾害观测站”的建议和设想

洞庭湖区是我国洪涝灾害频发地区,由于湖区冠凡修筑于特定的时代,大部分垸坝工程稳定性情况不详。泥沙淤积和地壳运动使湖盆不断演化,导致水位不断升降,建立一个垸坝稳定,湖盆演化,洪涝灾害观测站;获取大量科学观测资料,可为洞庭湖的综合治理提供科学依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861