应用灯光罩网开发三沙海域渔业资源

文章通过分析三沙市所辖海域的头足类资源,灯光罩网渔船、渔具渔法、渔获物组成及经济效益分析,得出：三沙市沿海头足类资源丰富,开发力度不足,具有进一步开发的潜力,而灯光罩网主要捕捞对象为头足类,其中尤其以枪乌贼和鸢乌贼为主,灯光罩网渔业经济效益良好。建议：① 以头足类渔业为三沙海域渔业开发重点,以开拓南沙金枪鱼资源为辅,带动三沙海域渔业的新发展;② 鼓励和扶持大型灯光罩网渔船的发展;③ 转移部分南海灯光罩网渔船到三沙市;④ 在三沙市建设一个具备避风补给的渔港。     

三沙市海洋产业发展规划初探

三沙市区位重要,首当发展海洋产业经济,重点包括海洋渔业、海洋油气开发和海洋旅游业等,可逐步发展海洋生物制品、海水利用、海洋可再生能源利用等新兴产业。产业发展应置于国家战略层次,有序进行。本文简要分析了三沙市海洋资源现状,对三沙市海洋产业的发展基础、结构布局以及发展重点等方面进行了探讨和分析,以期为三沙海洋产业发展提供参考依据。     

海南三沙海水健康养殖发展对策

三沙市位于中国地理最南端,海域面积辽阔。渔业在三沙经济社会发展中具有重要作用,应重视海洋渔业环境保护与资源可持续利用,研发海水健康养殖技术,大力推广鱼－贝－藻复合养殖和离岸养殖等海洋新生产力模式,提高植食性鱼类和大型海藻养殖比例和规模,强化海洋科技和战略研究,保障三沙海洋经济的可持续发展。     

全球最深海洋蓝洞———中国三沙永乐龙洞调查策略

正三沙永乐龙洞位于我国海南省三沙市西沙群岛、永乐环礁晋卿岛与石屿之间的礁盘中,地理坐标为111°46′6″E,16°31′30″N,距离三沙市首府永兴岛70km(图1)。永乐龙洞是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,蕴含着海量的地质历史环境信息,与我国南海珊瑚岛礁体系的形成与演化息息相关,对我国海洋权益维护、     

烟台市船舶与海工装备产业高质量发展研究

为促进烟台市船舶与海工装备产业的发展,文章基于其发展现状,分析其高质量发展的总体思路、空间布局和攻坚方向,并提出政策建议。研究结果表明：目前烟台市船舶与海工装备产业发展空间快速拓展、市场主体规模不断扩大、“双创”平台体系化发展、产业规模和层级稳步提升,但仍存在产业发展层级较低、创新支撑能力整体较弱、人才队伍建设亟须加强...     

三沙市能源模式选择及政策建议

三沙市肩负着国防建设与经济发展的重任,文章分析了柴油机供电、太阳能供电、海上风能供电和海洋能供电四种能源模式,并借鉴了德国、丹麦、英国的发展经验,提出三沙市能源发展的政策建议。     

关于建立“岛长制”的探索研究

文章基于习近平总书记生态文明建设重要战略思想以及海南省三沙市实践基础,借鉴"河长制"等制度经验,提出建立"岛长制"的必要性,剖析海岛自然生态特殊性,探讨"岛长制"的实施范围和相关职责,提出加强规划编制和资源环境保护等5项主要任务以及健全工作机制和强化考核问责等6项保障措施,为建立健全"岛长制"、推动生态文明建设融入海岛社会发展各方面和全过程以及促进海岛地区经济高质量发展提供政策基础和决策支持。     

同舟共济 为建设海洋强国谱写南海新篇章

2012年的南海,繁忙、繁荣、繁华,万众瞩目:广东省海洋经济高速发展,朱小丹省长表示,预计2012年广东省海洋生产总值将达到1.1万亿元;广西确立了建设"海洋经济强区"的战略目标;海南更因为三沙市的成立,吸引了全世界的目光。国家海洋局南海分局作为国家海洋局设在南海区的海洋行政管理机构,代表国家海洋局在南海区行使组织     

我国三类典型深海运载装备应用技术研究

文章详细对比分析了国内外以"三龙"系列为代表的深海运载器海洋探测开发装备发展现状,特别针对我国以"蛟龙"号为代表的载人潜水器,以"海龙"系列为代表的无人有缆潜水器和以"潜龙"系列为代表的无人无缆自治潜水器的性能和功能进行了剖析,从作业深度、作业时间、取样能力和搭载工具等方面进行了分析研究,并借鉴大洋航次海上调查作业经验,构建了大型运载装备应用能力解析图,明确了不同装备的深海科学考察应用范畴,优化了大型装备的协同作业方案,通过对我国"三龙"装备体系、人才队伍、应用技术和制度体系等能力建设,形成我国三大系列装备转入业务化运行的全链条发展理念,为我国"深海进入,深海探测,深海开发"战略提供强有力的装备支撑。     

迈向深海——海洋工程业面临的全球挑战与本土视角

<正>7月9—10日,"2014中国海洋工程国际研讨会(COES2014)"在北京召开。会议以"迈向深海——海洋工程业面临的全球挑战与本土视角"为主题,从我国海工装备发展的政策环境、当前南海局势、全球海洋工程装备发展等方面诠释了海洋油气产业,尤其是深水海工装备发展的广阔商机,为中国海工企业积极开展国际交流,深化合作提供了难得的机会和平台。据介绍,此次论坛由北京美沙会展有限公司主办,中国海洋石油     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究

研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

The influence of the bottom contour on the deformed state of the ice cover due to the motion of the submarine

The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

国产XBT海上比测方法研究及结果分析

随着国产投弃式温深仪(XBT)性能的提高,其使用范围和规模也逐步扩大,受某专项办的委托,厦门大学在南海东北部开展了"海洋监测设备适用性检验规范及海上试验研究(国家863计划)"项目,针对海洋技术领域研发的技术较为成熟、具备产品化条件的XBT开展检验与验证,对国产XBT的性能和实际使用情况进行分析和总结。试验中,在不同站点进行温盐深仪(CTD)现场测量,以此数据为真值对国产和进口XBT精度做评估。在较高速度走航测量时,则以进口XBT数据为参照,对国产XBT进行评估。试验结果表明,国产XBT整体上表现良好,成功率大概为80%,有些型号的国产XBT精度与进口XBT精度接近,但国产XBT无效剖面较多。同时也发现,进口XBT的精度无法满足预期比测的要求,不能准确计算出国产XBT精度,但结果仍然具有参考价值。本次试验可以为国产XBT的规模化应用和推广提供数据支持,也可为其他型号XBT/XCTD/CTD等仪器的比测提供借鉴。