The focal mechanism solution of the M s 6.5 Wuding earthquake in Yunnan Province of October 24, 1995

The focal mechanism of Wuding earthquake with magnitude M=6.5 on October 24, 1995 is estimated by the method of inversion of seismic tensor in this paper. The two principal axes are nearly horizontal, the principal compressive axis is about N30°E, the nodal plane which strikes about N105°E (N75°W) is probably consistent with the actual rupture plane.     

2020年云南巧家M_S 5.0地震震源机制解与发震断层归属

2020年5月18日云南巧家发生M_S 5.0地震,基于国家和区域数字地震台网14个宽频带台的波形资料,利用CAP方法进行反演,得到其震源机制:节面Ⅰ:走向175°,倾角70°,滑动角-18°;节面Ⅱ:走向271°,倾角73°,滑动角-159°;震源矩心深度约9 km。结合主震震中位置、余震序列空间分布、地震烈度等值线图及区域地质背景,讨论此次巧家MS 5.0地震的发震断层,初步判定,包谷垴—小河断裂的雁列状次级隐伏构造走向SSE,具高角度左旋走滑性质,可能为其发震断层。     

Numerical simulation of dynamic Coulomb stress changes induced by M 6.5 earthquake in Wuding, Yunnan and its relationship with aftershocks

Based on the discrete wavenumber method, we calculate the fields of dynamic Coulomb rupture stress changes and static stress changes caused by M6.5 earthquake in Wuding, and study their relationship with the subsequent aftershocks. The results show that the spatial distribution patterns of the positive region of dynamic stress peak value and static stress peak value are similarly asymmetric, which are basically identical with distribution features of aftershock. The dynamic stress peak value and the static stress in the positive region are more than 0.1 MPa and 0.01 MPa of the triggering threshold, respectively, which indicates that the dynamic and static stresses are helpful for the occurrence of aftershock. This suggests that both influences of dynamic and static stresses should be considered other than only either of them when studying aftershock triggering in near field. Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40364001) and Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (605014).     

Spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M S=5.9 earthquake and analysis

The spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M _S=5.9 earthquake is summarized through field investigation. The moment tensor solution and focal mechanism are inverted using the digital long-period waveform records of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). The relation between the spatial damage distribution and focal mechanism is analyzed according to the focal mechanism, the aftershock distribution and the spatial damage distribution. The possible relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the tectonic background of the source region is discussed in terms of the global ground motion records, historical earthquake documents and the damage distribution. Investigation reveals that the meizoseismal region is in east-west direction, which is consistent with the nodal plane of focal mechanism inversion. The meizoseismal area is relatively large and the damage of single-story adobe houses or masonry houses is more severe. This may have relations with local seismotectonic environment. Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2002CB412706). Contribution No. 05FE3009, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

2014年云南盈江Ms6.1地震震源机制研究

文章搜集了盈江地区多个地震序列震源机制解共计162个,对从苏典断裂到大盈江断裂的区域进行了构造应力场反演。研究结果表明,该区域总的主压应力轴方向为NNE—SSW向。并从内在动力学演化的角度分析了2008年3月21日—2014年5月30日发生的6次震群活动,发现其存在明显的相互联系性。研究还发现,局部也出现应力场偏转的现象,苏典断裂南端的主压应力轴向北偏转角度变大,这可能与该区形成的三角凹陷有关。此外,本文还搜集到2016—2020年之间发生于盈江地区的1003个地震目录,通过分析发现昔马—盘龙山断裂到大盈江断裂之间的区域可能存在应力场闭锁,因此,加强该区域的危险性防范至关重要。     

2006年河北文安M_W 5.1地震震源机制

使用河北省测震台网7个宽频带地震台记录,采用CAP方法反演2006年7月4日文安M_W 5.1地震震源机制解,并结合区域地质背景讨论发震构造。结果显示,文安5.1级地震的最佳双力偶解为:节面Ⅰ走向215°,倾角87°,滑动角-115°;节面Ⅱ走向118°,倾角25°,滑动角-8°,震源深度为15 km,联合地质构造确定地震断层面为隐伏的NE向断裂带,为正断层兼走滑断层,与其他研究结果基本一致。     

Dynamic pattern characteristics of fault deformation and gravity field in the development process of Yongdeng M S=5.8 earthquake

In this paper, the fault deformation abnormality, dynamic evolution features of gravity and vertical deformation field in the seismogenic process of the Yongdeng, Gansu Province earthquake on July 22, 1995 are studied primarily. There appeared α-β-γ tri-stage anomaly at three sites near the epicenter, and there appeared anomalies of step and sudden jump at more than 10 sites in outer region since 1993. The high value area before shock, coseismic effect and process of recovery aftershock were monitored by portable gravity data. Data reflects the changing process of fault movement from the quasi-linear to the nonlinear in the near source region during seismogenic development of the Yongdeng earthquake and evolution of gravity field from heterogeneity of seismogenic term to quasi-homogeneity of postseismic term. There exists close relationship between strong earthquake and dynamic evolution of regional stress-strain field. Considering all above, the experience and lessons in this medium-short term prediction test are summarized.     

A new technique for moment tensor inversion with applications to the 2008 Wenchuan M S8.0 earthquake sequence

A MS8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, on May 12, 2008, and subsequently, numerous aftershocks followed. We obtained the moment tensor solutions and source time functions (STFs) for the Wenchuan earthquake and its seven larger aftershocks (MS5.0~6.0) by a new technique of moment tensor inversion using the broadband and long-period seismic waveform data from the Global Seismic Network (GSN). Firstly, the theoretical background and technical flow of the new technique was briefly introduced, and an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence was employed to illustrate the real procedure for inverting the moment tensor; secondly, the moment tensor solutions and STFs of the eight events, including the main shock, were presented, and finally, the interpretation of the results was made. The agreement of our results with the GCMT results indicates the new approach is efficient and feasible. By using this approach, not only the moment tensor solution can be obtained but also the STF can be retrieved; the inverted STFs indicate that the source rupture process may be com-plicated even for the moderate earthquakes. The inverted focal mechanisms of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence show that the most of the aftershocks occurred in the main faults of the Longmenshan fault zone with predomi-nantly thrustingwith minor right-lateral strike-slip component, but some of them may have occurred in the sub-faults with strike-slip faulting in the vicinity of the main faults.     

Study of dislocation model and evolution characteristics of vertical deformation field of gonghe M S=6.9 earthquake

The preliminary research results of vertical deformation dislocation model of GongheM _S =6.9 earthquake show that, the causative structure is a hidden fault with strike N60°W, dipping S47°W, which lies near the current subsidence center of Gonghe basin. The rupture length and width are 30km and 14km, the upper and lower bound depth of the fault in width direction are 3km and 17km respectively. The maximum coseismic and preseismic vertical deformation of GongheM _S =6.9 earthquake are 247mm and about 100mm. The reasons why there existed rapid postseismic uplift are also given a tentative discussion. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 289–295, 1993.     

河南淅川2019年M_L 4.2地震与2018年M_L 4.6地震对比分析

2019年11月30日河南淅川发生M_(L )4.2地震,是淅川区域自2018年2月9日M_(L )4.6地震以来发生的又一次显著地震事件,采用Snoke方法,计算2次地震的震源机制解,结果显示,2次地震震源错动类型均表现为走滑兼正断,其中M_(L )4.6地震节面I性质与新野断裂破裂特征及切错方式符合,而M_(L )4.2地震不符合,可能与附近隐伏未命名的走向NNW、倾向S的左旋正断层有关;采用震源谱进行拟合计算,得到淅川M_(L )4.2地震应力降为0.879 MPa,与淅川M_(L )4.6地震应力降0.24 MPa相比,地震应力释放更充分;2次地震震中均位于丹江口水库库区,分析发现,2次地震均发生在水库蓄水位下降阶段,初步认为,地震的发生与水库蓄放水有关。     

2015年7月3日新疆皮山MS 6.5地震序列震源机制解及发震构造分析

2015年7月3日09时07分,在新疆皮山县发生M_(S)6.5地震,震源深度约10 km,主震后一段时间内陆续发生一系列大小不等的余震。使用新疆测震台网原始波形数据和中国地震台网编目数据库震相数据,采用CAP方法反演皮山M_(S)6.5地震及M_(S)3.5以上余震序列震源机制解,得到震源机制解参数,其中:节面Ⅰ走向为136°,倾角为34°,滑动角为94°;节面Ⅱ走向为311°,倾角为56°,滑动角为87°;最佳震源深度为21.3 km;矩震级为M_(W)6.3。据皮山地区地质构造和余震序列展布,基本确定节面Ⅰ为发震断层面;通过震源球判定本次地震的断层活动主要表现为逆冲型特征,破裂优势方向SE,倾角以20°—40°居多,滑动角以70°—120°居多。     

The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake

The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake is studied. Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined. Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state. No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared. According to focal mechanism solutions of some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the direction of principal compressive stress P-axis is WNW-ESE. The two hypocenter fault planes are NE-striking and NW-striking. The plane of NE direction is among N50°?70°E, the dip angles of fault planes are 60°?70° and it is very steep. The faultings of most earthquakes are dominantly characterized by dip-slip reverse and small part of faultings present strike-slip. The azimuths of principal compressive stress, the strikes of source fault planes and the dislocation types calculated from some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are in accordance with that of the main shock. The average stress field of micro-rupture along the Longmenshan fault zone before the great earthquake is also consistent with that calculated from main shock. Zipingpu dam is located in the east side 20 km from the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The activity increment of small earthquakes in the Zipingpu dam is in the period of water discharging. The source parameter results of the small earthquakes which occurred near the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake indicate that the focal depths are 5 to 14 km and the source parameters are identical with that of earthquake.     

1995年武定6.5级地震余震的S波分裂

1995年 10月 2 4日云南武定发生MS6 5地震。分析田心三分向数字记录 ,从 77个余震中获得 45个余震的S波分裂数据。快速S波偏振有两个优势取向 ,分别为N32°E和N94°E ,二者与震源应力场的主压应力方向N140°E相差甚大 ,不是应力场导致的EDA裂隙系各向异性结果。武定地震发生在近南北走向的汤朗—易门断裂被次级的北西向断裂交切的地区。快S波N32°E偏振方向与汤朗—易门断裂走向接近 ,且又与震源S波固有偏振方向相同 ,难以辨别是构造抑或是应力引起的各向异性结果。分析认为 ,N94°E偏振方向是北西向断层系各向异性产生。两个偏振方向是在同一台站观测到 ,说明两个不同的各向异性体只能在某一深度之下的震源区内     

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western Ms=8.1 earthquake

The relation between the gravity variation features and Ms=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area is analyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravity and relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)Ms\8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountain pass westem occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity‘s high negative variation;2)The Main tectonic deformation and emnergy accumulation before MS=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of the epicenter;3)The range of gravity‘s high negative variation at east of the MS=8.1 earthquake epicenter relatively coincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation;4)Gravity variation distribution in high negative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain‘s high value region of strain field obtained from GPS observation.     

Spatial and temporal rupture process of the January 26, 2001, Gujarat, India, M S=7.8 earthquake

The source parameters, such as moment tensor, focal mechanism, source time function (STF) and temporal-spatial rupture process, were obtained for the January 26, 2001, India, M _S=7.8 earthquake by inverting waveform data of 27 GDSN stations with epicentral distances less than 90°. Firstly, combining the moment tensor inversion, the spatial distribution of intensity, disaster and aftershocks and the orientation of the fault where the earthquake lies, the strike, dip and rake of the seismogenic fault were determined to be 92°, 58° and 62°, respectively. That is, this earthquake was a mainly thrust faulting with the strike of near west-east and the dipping direction to south. The seismic moment released was 3.5×10²⁰ Nm, accordingly, the moment magnitude M _W was calculated to be 7.6. And then, 27 P-STFs, 22 S-STFs and the averaged STFs of them were determined respectively using the technique of spectra division in frequency domain and the synthetic seismogram as Green’s functions. The analysis of the STFs suggested that the earthquake was a continuous event with the duration time of 19 s, starting rapidly and ending slowly. Finally, the temporal-spatial distribution of the slip on the fault plane was imaged from the obtained P-STFs and S-STFs using an time domain inversion technique. The maximum slip amplitude on the fault plane was about 7 m. The maximum stress drop was 30 MPa, and the average one over the whole rupture area was 7 MPa. The rupture area was about 85 km long in the strike direction and about 60 km wide in the down-dip direction, which, equally, was 51 km deep in the depth direction. The rupture propagated 50 km eastwards and 35 km westwards. The main portion of the rupture area, which has the slip amplitude greater than 0.5 m, was of the shape of an ellipse, its major axis oriented in the slip direction of the fault, which indicated that the rupture propagation direction was in accordance with the fault slip direction. This phenomenon is popular for strike-slip faulting, but rather rare for thrust faulting. The eastern portion of the rupture area above the initiation point was larger than the western portion below the initiation point, which was indicative of the asymmetrical rupture. In other words, the rupturing was kind of unilateral from west to east and from down to up. From the snapshots of the slip-rate variation with time and space, the slip rate reached the largest at the 4th second, that was 0.2 m/s, and the rupture in this period occurred only around the initiation point. At the 6th second, the rupture around the initiation point nearly stopped, and started moving outwards. The velocity of the westward rupture was smaller than that of the eastward rupture. Such rupture behavior like a circle mostly stopped near the 15th second. After the 16th second, only some patches of rupture distributed in the outer region. From the snapshots of the slip variation with time and space, the rupture started at the initiation point and propagated outwards. The main rupture on the area with the slip amplitude greater than 5 m extended unilaterally from west to east and from down to up between the 6th and the 10th seconds, and the western segment extended a bit westwards and downwards between the 11th and the 13th seconds. The whole process lasted about 19 s. The rupture velocity over the whole rupture process was estimated to be 3.3 km/s. Foundation item: 973 Project (G1998040705) from Ministry of Science and Technology, P. R. China, and the National Science Foundation of China under grant No.49904004. Contribution No. 02FE2026, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

Spatio-temporal variation and focal mechanism of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake sequence

Based on abundant aftershock sequence data of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008, we studied the spatio-temporal variation process and segmentation rupture characteristic. Dense aftershocks distribute along Longmenshan central fault zone of NE direction and form a narrow strip with the length of 325 km and the depth between several and 40 km. The depth profile (section of NW direction) vertical to the strike of aftershock zone (NE direction) shows anisomerous wedgy distribution characteristic of aftershock concentrated regions; it is related to the force form of the Longmenshan nappe tectonic belt. The stronger aftershocks could be divided into northern segment and southern segment apparently and the focal depths of strong aftershocks in the 50 km area between northern segment and southern segment are shallower. It seems like 'to be going to rupture' segment. We also study focal mechanisms and segmentation of strong aftershocks. The principal compressive stress azimuth of aftershock area is WNW direction and the faulting types of aftershocks at southern and northern segment have the same proportion. Because aftershocks distribute on different secondary faults, their focal mechanisms present complex local tectonic stress field. The faulting of seven strong earthquakes on the Longmenshan central fault is mainly characterized by thrust with the component of right-lateral strike-slip. Meantime six strong aftershocks on the Longmenshan back-range fault and Qingchuan fault present strike-slip faulting. At last we discuss the complex segmentation rupture mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake.