国家数字地震台网中心技术系统与服务

概述中国数字地震观测系统主要是由国家数字地震台网、区域数字地震台网、流动数字地震台网、数字强震台网和区域数字地震台阵、中国地震局卫星数据通信网组成。国家数字地震台网中心是国家数字地震台网、区域数字台阵和数字强震台网数据的集中收集和处理中心 ,同时还保存一部分区域数字地震台网和流动数字地震台网的数据 ,与各区域数字地震台网中心进行各种数据交换 ,另外 ,国家数字地震台网中心也为防震减灾中心的地震应急信息快速响应系统及时提供各种测震数据。国家数字台网中心是我国数字地震观测数据的收集、管理、保存、处理和提供各…     

实时地震数据处理系统网络通讯服务

EDSP-MCRTS是区域数字地震台网中心实时地震数据处理系统专用软件包。该软件包已在全国20多个区域数字地震台网和古巴等国家数字地震台网投入运行。该系统具备以下功能：实时接收多路地震波形数据;实时事件检测;对检测到的地震事件进行自动分析;实时波形数据记录和事件波形数据记录;数据存储管理;系统运行管理。     

"国家数字地震台网分中心地震波形数据管理和服务"系统

国家数字地震台网分中心负责分析处理国家数字地震台网和区域有人值守数字地震台网的资料,为了更好地使这些数据在实际应用中发挥作用,分中心开发研制了一套地震波形数据的管理和服务系统。     

山西数字遥测地震台网数据传输系统

介绍了山西数字遥测地震台网建设在设计、安装调试过程中，有关数字地震信号的数据传输，信道复用方面的技术，结合山西数字地震台网数字通信工程的实施，提出了适合目前山西省实际情况的地震数据传输方式，考核 运行证明了山西数字遥测地震台网数据传输系统运行可靠。     

国家数字地震台网分中心的数据管理与服务

国家数字地震台网分中心是中国数字地震观测系统的资料收集、处理、管理、保存和提供各种服务的中心。该中心在结构上采用网络式结构，在上采用分布式结构。根据“95010” 总体设计要求和各单位所承担的任务，中网中心由两部分组，一部分是国家防震减灾中心的测震中心，另一部分是国家数字地震台网分中心，国家数字地震台网分中心设在中国地震局地球物理研究所内，文章对分中心的技术系统、数据管理和数据服务进行全面地介绍。     

数字遥测地震台网数据管理与服务系统(MASS系统)的系统方案

介绍了基于Internet／Intranet标准的数字遥测地震台网数据管理与服务系统(MASS系统)通过互联网信息发布实现的方案。该方案采用Windows2000server和ⅡS5．0平台，利用ASP技术和脚本语言JavaScript，VbScript及HTML技术，响应浏览器端的动态请求，实现诸如数据管理、数据服务和在线评比等功能，并根据用户请求完成波形数据和相应处理软件的下载。     

新一代中国数字地震台网台站系统

以白家疃数字地震台为例，介绍了新一代中国数字地震台网台站系统的各种硬件单元及它们的相互联系与特征，同时介绍了系统的频率响应，数据流和动态范围，并与中国数字地震台网一期设备进行了简单比较。     

河北省数字遥测地震台网的监测能力

叙述了自编的地震台网监测能力评估软件的技术思路、实现方法；以河北省数字遥测地震台网中心产出的107个台站的实测波形数据为基础，运用此软件计算出河北省数字遥测地震台网目前的监测能力，绘制了图件；利用“十五”项目将新建和改建的20个台的勘选波形数据，得出了“十五”项目完成后河北省数字遥测地震台网的监测能力，并绘制了图件。对河北省地震台网布局及未来发展提出建议。     

广州(珠江三角洲)数字遥测地震台网建设回顾

广州（珠江三角洲）数字无线遥测地震台网是我国第一个全套引进的数字无线遥测地震系统的数字地震台网,采用２４位数字地震采集、无线数据传输、地震数据处理等先进技术,对增强广东省特别是珠江三角洲地区的地震监测能力发挥了重要作用,为发展和推动我国数字地震观测技术进行了有益的探索和实践。系统介绍了广州台网的建设过程和技术特色。     

山西数字与模拟地震台网的资料对比研究

山西数字遥测地震台网于2000年10月1日投入考核运行，为使数字遥测地震台网与模拟地震台网测定的时、空、强地震参数顺利接轨，尽快发挥数字资料在日常工作中的效益，将山西数字遥测地震台网产出的资料与模拟地震台网产出的资料作了全面细致的对比分析，研究了它们之间的相关程度、一致性、差异性。结果表明，数字地震观测系统比模拟地震观测系统具有更高的拴震率，得出山西数字遥测地震台网产出的资料与模拟地震台网产出资料相关性较好、定位结果在误差范围之内、符合《数字地震及前兆观测技术规范》要求的结论。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.