Topical Collection: Progress in fractured-rock hydrogeology

Hydrogeology Journal - The development of hydrogeology with respect to hard-rock and fractured-rock aquifers is described. The differences between porous aquifers and karst are explained, as well...     

Topical Collection: Groundwater-based agriculture in the Mediterranean

This essay introduces a collection of articles that explore the future of groundwater-based agriculture in the Mediterranean from an interdisciplinary perspective, in a context of declining water tables due to intensive groundwater use. The imminent crisis that many groundwater economies face due to very rapid and intense global change may have severe irreversible social, economic and environmental consequences, but could also be the opportunity to make a clear break with current agricultural development models and move towards more sustainable agricultural practices. The Mediterranean region is, therefore, an interesting case for the future of intensive groundwater use, as innovative ideas and practices may emerge and inspire similar groundwater-based agricultural systems around the world.     

Topical Collection: Coastal aquifers in the Middle East and North Africa region

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suffers from low precipitation and high evaporation. Coastal areas of the MENA region are usually densely populated; hence, the coastal aquifers are easily over-exploited beyond their safe yield, and seawater intrusion and aquifer salinization have been caused by the groundwater-level declines. Four studies in MENA coastal aquifers, on seawater intrusion modeling and aquifer recharge and salinization using isotopes, have been brought together in a topical collection and are discussed in this essay. A brief overview is given of managed aquifer recharge as an effective method to combat groundwater-level decline, seawater intrusion and aquifer salinization in MENA counties.     

非开挖城市地下信息管线数据采集和建库

地下管线的数据采集和建库是实现地下管线信息化管理的基础和前提。本文提出了针对目前非开挖敷管数据三维数据采集和整理结合CAD进行三维成像的思路,与城市地下管线信息管理系统整合,实现地下管线的系统高效信息化管理。     

蒸气收集脉冲进样流动注射氢化物发生－原子荧光法测定痕量锑

研究了流动注射氢化物发生－原子荧光测定矿石中Ｓｂ的方法，提出用蒸气收集脉冲进样技术，较大地提高了氢化物发生法的灵敏度和检测能力。标准参考样品的分析结果与推荐值吻合，精密度（ＲＳＤ）和检出限分别为５．１％（８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，ｎ＝９）和０．１９ｎｇ／ｍｌ。测定速度为１２０样／ｈ。     

Tsunami: a research perspective

Over the past several years, tsunami research has been growing strongly, stimulated by an increasing interest in extreme events amongst geologists and geographers and supported by improved levels of funding from both public and private sectors in a number of countries. These developments are timely, and should ultimately result in a better perspective than we might otherwise have had on the origins and nature of the Sumatra tsunami that resulted in the loss of so many lives. This account summarizes the origins of tsunami in general and outlines the terminology used before describing some recent developments in tsunami research.     

Unification of Macroseismic Data Collection Procedures: A Pilot Project for Border Earthquakes Assessment

The border area between Italy and Slovenia has been chosen for a proposed project on border earthquake's assessment (BEA). Attempts at the unification of macroseismic practice among the countries have been rare and not very successful, due to the different and often incompatible local traditions for the derivation of intensity data. With the publication of the new EMS-92 scale, the idea was born to try to unify the procedures in data collection on both sides of the border. The pilot project was proposed, consisting mainly of the preparation for eventual strong earthquakes in the future. A special civil engineering form for damage assessment was designed to be used in the damaged area. The path of this idea is presented.     

使用CTMAB改良剂改良天然膨胀土的试验研究

CTMAB是一种新型的有机阳离子表面活性剂,采用CTMAB对天然膨胀土进行了化学改良试验研究,探讨了其改良机制和改良效果。试验结果表明：经过改良剂改良后的膨胀土与原状土相比,其塑性和膨胀性得到了明显降低,水稳定性有了显著提高,在经过不同次数的反复溶漓后,土样仍具有一定的强度。说明了CTMAB对膨胀土的工程性质有一定的改善作用。该成果已申请获得了国家发明专利。     

地下水嘧磺隆污染分析研究

目前国内外学者对嘧磺隆研究主要集中在其防除杂草的效果和用量方面,而对环境产生的生态效应研究仍然是一个空白.本文以某市用地下水灌溉蔬菜后相继出现受害事件展开调查,通过实地勘察农作物及其他野生植物的受害症状和特征,对污染区的潜水进行了全量分析,排除了地下水中无机物污染的可能.通过相关有机物的确认模拟试验,初步认定潜水遭受污染可能与嘧磺隆有关.在检测污染区及非污染区潜水中嘧磺隆含量和分析污染区地貌、水文地质条件的基础上,进行综合分析论证,得出了地下水确系嘧磺隆污染的符合实际情况的结论,为受害区农业生产污染防治提供了依据.     

埃达克岩研究的回顾和前瞻

文中回顾了中国埃达克岩研究的进展,讨论了中国埃达克岩文献为什么多的原因,归纳了我们取得的成绩及存在的问题,探讨了埃达克岩目前面临的问题和今后研究的方向。笔者认为,中国埃达克岩的研究正处于方兴未艾的阶段,是现阶段国际埃达克岩研究的焦点和中心之一。尽管发表的文章不少,但是研究水平总体不高。在埃达克岩研究中,有大量的问题等待我们去回答,有众多的现象等待我们去解释。中国东部中生代C型埃达克岩的成因、中国东部高原、埃达克岩与青藏高原抬升的关系以及C型埃达克岩与成矿的关系等,应当是今后重点需要关注的问题。     

Palaeolithic and Quaternary research in the Trent Valley (UK): contributions by early collectors

A brief history is presented here of the activities of the three most notable collectors of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts from Quaternary river terrace deposits in the Trent Valley, derived from archival material that has been largely ignored by previous research. Two, Mr. Fred W.G. Davey and Mr. George F. Turton, were local amateur collectors who did not publish the results of their work themselves and were reliant on collaboration with established archaeologists. The third, Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong, was an archaeologist best known for his work at Creswell Crags and Grimes Graves. Armstrong also made many Palaeolithic discoveries in the Trent Valley but published few details of his own material. Although such details of early Palaeolithic research in the Midlands and North of Britain are predominantly of historical interest only, they nonetheless provide a number of insights into the apparent lack of interest shown in areas north of the ‘Severn-Wash Line’ by collectors of Palaeolithic artefacts. Importantly, the dataset assembled by the Trent Valley Palaeolithic Project (TVPP) and summarized here is the only complete record of the known artefacts and archival material from the Trent, a proportion of which is now unavailable to the research community, having entered unknown private ownership since being studied. The second part of the paper relates this early research to current knowledge of the British Palaeolithic at its most northern fringes and to recent developments in reconstructing the Quaternary evolution of the River Trent.     

Volunteered geographic information: future research directions motivated by critical, participatory, and feminist GIS

New interactive web services are dramatically altering the way in which ordinary citizens can create digital spatial data and maps, individually and collectively, to produce new forms of digital spatial data that some term ‘volunteered geographic information’ (VGI). This article examines the early literature on this phenomenon, illustrating its shared propositions that these new technologies are part of shifts in the social and technological processes through which digital spatial data are produced, with accompanying implications for the content and characteristics of geospatial data, and the social and political practices promoted through their use. I illustrate how these debates about VGI conceive of spatial data as socially embedded, and suggest ways in which future research might productively draw upon conceptualizations from participatory, feminist, and critical GIS research that have emerged from similar foundations.