新疆克里雅河流域绿洲适宜规模

利用克里雅河流域1957~2009年水文气象资料及2010年遥感影像数据,借助Z指数法及水热平衡模型分析了流域水资源在不同丰枯水平下的绿洲适宜规模。结果表明:克里雅河流域地表径流存在明显的丰枯变化;维持克里雅河流域下游天然绿洲稳定所需要的水资源为1.583亿 m3;现状面积下,克里雅河流域人工绿洲在丰水期处于稳定水平,枯水期与平水期皆为亚稳定水平;克里雅河流域人工绿洲在丰水期、平水期和枯水期的适宜规模分别为1 608~2 413 km2、1 157~1 736 km2和978~1 467 km2,而较高水资源保证度下最为适宜的规模应控制在978~1 736 km2。     

甘肃疏勒河冲积扇绿洲全新世孢粉组合和环境演化

通过甘肃疏勒河冲积扇九道沟下游剖面(JDG)沉积物系统的孢粉分析,探讨了这一极干旱区全新世植被和气候环境演化.约4.3 m厚沉积剖面的孢粉组合特征清楚地反映了研究区全新世植被经历了6个发展演替阶段,从老而新依次为:针叶林为主的针阔混交林-灌丛草原;灌丛草原;疏林灌木草原;针叶树为主的针阔混交林-灌丛草原;草原植被;针叶林-灌木草原.与植被发展演替相对应的气候环境经历了凉较湿→温干→暖湿→温较湿→温干→凉较湿的变化.这些结果对于了解该地区全新世气候演化以及中国西北干旱区未来环境预测方面都具有重要意义.     

内蒙古正蓝旗地区全新世古环境变迁的孢粉记录

通过对正蓝旗闪电河剖面孢粉资料的分析,重建了内蒙古中部地区全新世以来古植被及古气候的演变过程。全新世早期气候温凉略干,为草原型植被或稀疏草原型植被;中期气候相对暖湿,为森林型植被;后期气候温凉偏干或凉爽偏干,为稀疏草原型植被或草原型植被。     

内蒙古辉腾锡勒全新世中晚期环境变迁的孢粉记录

通过对内蒙古中部辉腾锡勒湖泊沉积特征及孢粉组合特征的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,该地区5390 a以来气候总体上由温湿转变为冷干,具体可以分为5个阶段: 5390 ~ 3970 a,以温暖偏湿气候为主; 3970 ~ 3300 a,气候仍为温和偏湿; 3300 ~ 2380 a,A/C比值明显降低,标志着全新世大暖期结束,凉偏干气候显著; 2380 ~ 1160 a,气候转为凉湿,为大暖期结束后一个特殊湿润时期; 1160 a以来气候向温凉偏干转变。      

青藏高原全新世植被的时空分布

根据青藏高原 30个点湖泊的孢粉记录综合研究显示 :在进入全新世之前 (12kaBP以前 )除最东南部外 ,高原从东到西均发育为荒漠草原植被 .全新世早期 (12～ 9.0kaBP)高原东南部 (10 4°～ 98°E)为落叶阔叶林 /针阔叶混交林 ,季风已进入本区 ,气温比前期上升 2～ 4°C ,降水波动于 35 0～ 5 5 0mm之间 .中部 (98°～ 92°E)为草甸或灌丛草甸 ,再向西至 80°E左右为草原植被 ,气候寒冷干燥 ,平均气温比现在低 4.5～ 5 .5℃ .最西部 10 .5～ 9.9kaBP出现相当于欧洲新仙女木气候倒转事件 .全新世中期 (9.0～ 3.2kaBP)高原由东向西古植被依次发育为针阔混交林或硬叶阔叶林 (10 4°～ 98°E)→针阔混交林 (98°～ 80°E)→灌丛草甸→草原 (92°～ 80°E) .中期气候比早晚期温暖湿润 ,东南部 1月份气温高于现在 3℃ ,年降水量比现今多 2 5 0mm以上 .中西部气候温暖湿润 ,出现高湖面期 ,年均温高出现在 5℃以上 ;全新世晚期 (3.2kaBP以后 )由东向西古植被依次为硬叶阔叶林→针阔混交林→草甸→草原→荒漠 ,气温降水呈非线性下降 ,越向西下降幅度越大 .东南部 1月份气温比中期下降 4～ 4.5℃ ,年降水少 35 0mm ,东北部最冷月气温比中期下降 8℃左右 .中西部严重干旱 ,湖面降低 ,湖水变咸     

克里雅河绿洲的形成与演变

从８０００年前到现代,克里雅河流域孕育了原始绿洲、古绿洲、旧绿洲和新绿洲。旧绿洲是古绿洲的延续和发展,新绿洲是旧绿洲的扩大和外延。河流的自然改道,气候干旱和社会的长期动荡(战争)是促使河流下游古绿洲消亡的主要原因。在今后一段时期内,克里雅河上游地区的绿洲发展仍将是较缓慢的;中游地区的绿洲将进一步得到巩固和发展;下游地区的绿洲将向着退化的方向发展。     

贵州省梵净山九龙池剖面全新世孢粉组合与古环境

梵净山九龙池剖面乃高山顶上的一个洼池剖面,深1m,未达到基岩。采样九块,孢粉分析获得孢粉2942粒,有57个科属。以木本花粉为主,草本花粉及蕨类孢子较少。自下而上划分为4个孢粉组合带。反映出古植被变化是以常绿阔叶树为主的常绿、落叶阔叶混交林—以落叶阔叶树为主的常绿、落叶阔叶混交林—落叶阔叶林—以松、栎为主的针阔叶混交林及喜冷湿的莎草较多。古气候变化由温暖湿热—温暖—温暖偏凉—温暖偏凉湿。其地质时代经~(14)C测定为5000年来的中全新世大西洋期—中全新世亚北方期。     

北疆全新世环境变迁研究的新进展

新疆全新世环境变迁前人研究较少。作者在国家自然科学基金的资助下,主要对北疆巴里坤湖ZK0024孔、ZK00A孔及湖滨浅滩剖面尤其对A孔进行了较深入的研究。通过全新世剖面0.5cm间距的沉积地层学、生物地层学(孢粉、微体古生物)、沉积地球化学特征、氧、碳同位素及年代学的研究(古地磁磁偏角、~(14)C、~(210)Pb、树木年轮),提取了生物、物理、化学过程相互作用的信息。初步探讨了     

滦河三角洲晚全新世地层和演化过程

为了更好地理解滦河三角洲晚全新世沉积演化过程,本文对8个钻孔进行了年代学、沉积学、微体古生物学的研究,并结合1984～2016年研究区的遥感影像特征,恢复了滦河三角洲晚全新世发育过程和模式。2.7 ka B.P.以前,研究区发育湖相三角洲前缘,包括河床和水下河道相;2.7～1.0kaB.P.,伴随着海平面上升,海岸线达到现今滦河三角洲一带,姜各庄林场以西区域发育湖相三角洲,包括湖沼相、湖滨相和分支河道、河间洼地等,东部形成海侵型砂坝-潟湖海岸地貌沉积体系;约1.0 kaB.P.以来研究区域普遍成陆,西部主要为决口扇和河间洼地相,东部多分支河道相;17～19世纪,翡翠岛-姜各庄林场一带形成海岸沙丘,并造成二滦河、老米沟等河流由东折向南入海;1915 A.D.,滦河冲开姜各庄林场至翡翠岛的海岸沙丘,形成现今波浪型三角洲。研究区经历了3期地貌沉积组合:晚全新世组合包括西部湖相三角洲和东部海侵型砂坝-潟湖海岸地貌沉积体系;17～19世纪的组合包括三角洲平原和翡翠岛-七里海海侵型砂坝-潟湖海岸地貌沉积体系;1915 A.D.后的组合包括三角洲平原、翡翠岛-七里海海侵型砂坝-潟湖海岸地貌沉积体系和...     

全新世渭河流域植被演替对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响

陆地生态系统古碳储量演化历史既是理解过去区域碳循环过程的基础, 也是预测未来陆地碳库变化趋势的重要参照。以往由于实测记录的缺乏和现代碳循环模型应用的局限, 难于实现过去陆地碳库的准确重建。本研究通过地质时期86个点位的孢粉记录与古碳循环模型模拟的结合, 在定量化重建全新世渭河流域古气候参数空间格局的基础上, 模拟了自然植被时空演化过程及其陆地生态系统碳储量变化。结果表明, 全新世早期到中期, 流域森林面积覆盖度由34%增至63%, 导致陆地生态系统碳储量从2.48PgC增至3.40PgC; 全新世中期到晚期, 流域森林面积覆盖度降至20%, 陆地生态系统碳库储量随之减少了1.03PgC。空间上, 流域碳密度变化主要受控于植被类型的分布, 后者又与地貌条件密切相关。全新世中期全球增温情形下渭河流域森林植被大面积扩张和碳储量显著增加的结果, 预示着未来全球变暖背景下该流域陆地生态系统具有较强的碳汇潜力。

     

Late Holocene depositional environments and coastal evolution of the Mekong River Delta,Southern Vietnam

The Mekong River Delta in Southern Vietnam is a tide-dominated delta and has been formed by the Mekong River system. The sediments are dominantly fine grained and were deposited in the receiving basin with slight inclination of pre-existing deposits in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand.Around 6000 to 5000 yr BP maximum Holocene transgression occurred and seawaves surrounded uplands of the Late Pleistocene terrace, basement rock and weathered land in the northern parts of the delta. Double notches were undercut by seawaves on the limestone hill in Hatien at about 4.5 and 2.5 m above present sea level. Marine deposits prevailed throughout the delta. During the highstand and regressions of relative sea level over the last 4550 yr BP, delta progradation has produced a great flat-plain of 62,520 km². This extremely fast progradation could be due to: (a) very high sediment supply depositing in the slight inclination of the receiving basin; (b) neotectonic movements and relative sea-level changes; (c) widespread mangrove forests playing an important role to enhance sediment accumulation. Former mangrove marshy deposits were significantly developed in the Plain of Reeds and Longxuyen Quadrangle. Mangrove marshes have also been developing well in the Camau Peninsula and present coastlines. Moreover, regressions over the last 4550 yr BP have produced many distinct sets of relict beach ridges which are useful in distinguishing the former coastlines and evolutionary history of the delta.     

Winter and summer monsoonal evolution in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene period

Climate change especially moisture condition in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan in China are mainly controlled by the strength and variability of Asian winter and summer monsoon. In this paper, we presented the climate record and related winter and summer monsoonal history in Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, based on the geochemical indicators (geochemical elements content, i.e., Fe₂O₃, CaO, Zr and Sr content, and geochemical parameters, i.e., the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Zr/Rb, Rb/Sr, CaO/MgO, SiO₂/TiO₂ and SiO₂/(Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) ratio) of the peat deposits and ¹⁴C and OSL technologies. The regional temperature and humidity gradually increased in 10.0–8.5 cal ka BP, accompanied by enhanced summer monsoonal strength and decreased winter monsoonal strength. But climate became cold and dry between 8.5 cal ka BP and 7.6 cal ka BP owing to the stronger winter monsoon. During the 7.6–3.8 cal ka BP, stronger summer monsoon and weaker winter monsoon led to an optimal warm and humid condition, although it had several cold phases. From 3.8 cal ka BP to 0.5 cal ka BP, the regional climate tended to be cold and dry, with increasing winter monsoonal strength and decreasing summer monsoonal strength. Thereafter, the relatively warm and humid climate appeared again, due to the stronger summer monsoon. That is to say, the regional climate conditions are mainly related to the winter and summer monsoonal changes. These changes are consistent with palaeoclimatic records (monsoonal model) from the region influenced by the Asian monsoon in eastern China. In addition, nine cold events were recorded: 8.5–7.8 cal ka BP, 6.1–5.6 cal ka BP, 5.2–4.8 cal ka BP, 4.7–4.3 cal ka BP, 4.1–4.0 cal ka BP, 3.8–3.4 cal ka BP, 3.0–2.3 cal ka BP, 1.4–1.3 cal ka BP, and 1.0–0.5 cal ka BP, which are coincident with cold fluctuations in the high and low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere on a millennial scale, as recorded by lakes, peat sediments, and ice cores in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In conclusion, Holocene millennial-scale climatic changes in Gonghe Basin were controlled by the dual function of Asian monsoonal changes and global cold fluctuations.