从时空GIS视野来定量分析人类行为的思考

目的 从面向城市科学发展所必须的人类行为研究需求出发,从时空GIS的视野来看人类行为研究的基础问题与研究方法,剖析时空GIS对定量分析人类行为研究中的理想与现实间的鸿沟,以及所存在的理论与方法挑战,总结了时空GIS支撑人类行为研究的能力与不足,为大数据时代的人类行为研究前沿探索拓展思路。     

Photogrammetry for GIS: The Multimedia Revolution

After giving an account of his personal experiences in the mapping industry, the author considers definitions of the terms photogrammetry, GIS and multimedia. The interaction of photogrammetry and GIS from the viewpoint of commercial suppliers is examined with reference to four companies: Intergraph, Leica, Laser-Scan and ERDAS. The main effects on the end user of a fast developing market are identified as the need to choose from an ever increasing diversity of products and services, and the opportunity to benefit from the changing presentation of height information. Finally the subject of professional institutions is discussed; any proposals for further fragmentation should be resisted.     

The limits of GIS: Towards a GIS of place

In this article we reflect back on our decade‐long collaboration on the geographies of the Holocaust to argue for a GIS of place. Our previous work on ghettoization in Budapest and on the spatio‐temporal patterns of Jewish persecution in Italy had a marked spatial dimension, both in the research questions we set out to answer and the methods we used, which were largely quantitative. During the course of our research, we progressively came to realize that a spatial perspective favors the voice of the perpetrator and that to fully comprehend and understand the geography of the Holocaust, we needed to engage with the voice of the victim, extend the set of methods and tools used, and broaden our epistemology. While proposing a fully‐fledged model of a qualitative GIS of the places and spaces of the Holocaust is beyond the scope of this article, we: (a) argue for the integration of social network analysis, corpus linguistics, and spatio‐temporal methods and for a mixed‐methods analytical approach and (b) note how the topological and relational foundations we identify as fundamental to a GIS of place parallel the long‐standing call for an “integrated history” of the Holocaust.     

对非GIS专业的GIS教育的思考

我国GIS应用早已突破专业领域,在社会需求的拉动下,非GIS专业的GIS教育快速发展。本文根据自己的教学实践,将非GIS专业的GIS教育分成四类,地理、测绘学科下的非GIS专业、计算机相关专业、工程相关专业和GIS公共选修课程,分别从各类非GIS专业开展GIS教育的必要性、特点、教材选择、课程设置、教学教法等方面进行总结,提出对非GIS专业的GIS教育的认识。     

非GIS专业地理信息系统课程教学思考

我国GIS教育正处于蓬勃发展时期,在社会需求的拉动下,GIS应用早已突破其专业领域,因之而推动了非GIS专业GIS教育的快速发展。作者在分析比较GIS专业与非GIS专业地理信息系统课程教学目标、学生学科背景差别等问题的基础上,对非GIS专业地理信息系统教学中教师要求、教材选择、教学内容、教学模式和考核方式等诸方面进行了分析总结,并提出了对非GIS专业地理信息系统课程教学的一些建议。     

Extending the Qualitative Capabilities of GIS: Computer-Aided Qualitative GIS

A number of approaches for integrating GIS and qualitative research have emerged in recent years, as part of a resurgence of interest in mixed methods research in geography. These efforts to integrate qualitative data and qualitative analysis techniques complement a longstanding focus in GIScience upon ways of handling qualitative forms of spatial data and reasoning in digital environments, and extend engagements with 'the qualitative' in GIScience to include discussions of research methodologies. This article contributes to these emerging qualitative GIS methodologies by describing the structures and functions of 'computer-aided qualitative GIS' (CAQ-GIS), an approach for storing and analyzing qualitative, quantitative, and geovisual data in both GIS and computer aided data analysis software. CAQ-GIS uses modified structures from conventional desktop GIS to support storage of qualitative data and analytical codes, together with a parallel coding and analysis process carried out with GIS and a computer-aided data analysis software package. The inductive mixed methods analysis potential of CAQ-GIS is demonstrated with examples from research on children's urban geographies.     

面向GIS数据共享的概念模型设计研究

Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ 数据共享的主要问题是数据的语义共享。在数据共享的保障基础———技术基础、标准化体系及政策法规体系中,标准化工作最为直接,而其中面向数据共享的概念模型的设计又是最基础性的工作之一。面向数据共享的概念模型设计的主要任务是寻求一种规范化、标准化的约束法则来保障数据的共享,为了保障数据共享的安全性,所设计的概念模型应能提供用于共享的抽象概念,这些抽象概念所描述的是地理概念而非纯空间概念,并应能提供语义抽象机制。采用语义数据模型的方法,提出利用地理特征这一概念作为建模的基本概念。通过一个实例对其应用进行了初步探讨。     

基于GIS的住宅小区人居环境评价

为了了解住宅小区尺度上的人居环境状况,以"天地图·宜兴"地理信息服务平台为数据源,利用GIS空间分析技术提取了10项评价指标,构建了住宅小区人居环境评价指标体系;并结合层次分析法对宜兴市11个典型住宅小区人居环境进行了综合评价。根据评价结果对11个住宅小区的人居环境质量进行了总体与样点相结合地分析,从广度和深度上为各样点人居环境问题提出了切实可行的整治建议。     

GIS-ILA:THE GIS FOR ITALIAN LOGISTICS IN ANTARCTICA

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省级扶贫地理信息系统的设计与实现

针对边远地区扶贫工作的发展状况,提出应用地理信息系统提高省级扶贫工作的科学性和有效性.介绍省级扶贫地理信息系统的结构和功能,为解决扶贫工作提供思路.     

Flexible delivery and social learning: Seeking a new geography of education for GIS and GIS in education

This paper looks at GIS education in the context of changes in society and technology. It argues that socio-economic pressures and technological change are both working to change the traditional dichotomous structure of tertiary education in respect of campus and distance learning models. In general, the changed lifestyles of a larger, less affluent student base are seen as combining with economic pressures on universities to create a mainstream demand for more flexible learning environments, a demand which new advances in applied information technology can assist in meeting. The paper considers these forces and how developments in educational technology in general are likely to impact on traditional methods of delivering GIS education.     

矿产信息GIS建设

矿产信息GIS纵向上包括全球层次、国家层次、大洲层次、成矿带层次四个层次的地理信息、地质信息、矿产资源信息、矿业信息内容。建立矿产信息GIS的目的是通过现有的GIS手段,以数字、图像、文本等各种形式,把我们收集到的海量全球矿产资源信息呈现给用户,为国内外从事地质工作的国家机构、事业单位和矿业公司了解全球矿产资源分布、开发和利用现状提供信息平台。     

Balanced training for GIS users

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing - The proliferation of Geographic Information Systems of varying capacity and capabilities combined with the ever increasing need for fast and...     

关于全球通地理信息系统的思考

由多数据格式组成的多源数据非常复杂,主要表现在没有标准的基础数据,旧有的数据又难以利用,数据的多语义性,获取数据方法的多源性,数据存储格式的多样性以及数据的多时空性和多尺度等,但多源数据集成共享又是客观需要。目前的多源数据集成有数据格式转换模式、数据互操作模式和直接数据访问模式,以上几种模式虽各具千秋,却各有不足,解决的办法只有建立全球通地理信息系统,以实现各系统技术原则统一,交流沟通顺畅,实现真正意义的共享。因此,建立全球通地理信息系统势在必行。     

移动GIS定位技术研究

GIS由桌面化向着移动终端发展,移动定位具有了广阔的市场。探讨了普通手机、智能手机、PDA、车载导航仪的移动定位原理和各自的特点,分析了目前移动定位面临的问题。     

面向智慧城市的GIS框架

现有轨迹匹配方法具有一定局限性,其匹配精度无法满足车辆导航定位的需求。针对拓扑匹配方法对于起始匹配位置的依赖性,提出了顾及速度与航向信息的轨迹匹配方法。该方法综合利用速度、距离和航向约束改进起始匹配路段和起始位置的判定,并通过后续时刻车辆的正确匹配位置修正起始位置,避免了传统拓扑匹配方法中起始位置匹配错误导致的误差传递累积,提高匹配路段的准确性。同时以起始位置为基础,速度与时间信息为约束确定匹配点。为验证所提方法的有效性,选取多条复杂程度各异的路线进行实验,并与现有的几何匹配方法和拓扑匹配方法进行比较。实验结果表明,该方法在不同复杂程度的城市路网下具有良好的匹配效果,准确率可达93.53%。在匹配准确率方面优于现有的两种方法,在匹配效率方面能满足定位导航的需求。     

Qualitative GIS: An Open Framework Using SpatiaLite and Open Source GIS

Qualitative GIS is a relatively new methodological approach for analyzing and visualizing qualitative data within a geographic context. Qualitative data can take many forms, including interviews, documents, photographs, and audio and video clips. Content analysis for example, is an effective qualitative method for analyzing text‐based data. We argue that basic concepts, (i.e. how to store data, data requirements, visualization techniques, and modes of analysis) within qualitative GIS have not been adequately defined, rendering difficult the replication of work performed and hindering the development of incremental knowledge in the field. Database management systems provide a means for storing, managing, and analyzing qualitative GIS data. A standardized and well‐designed open source database system provides a mechanism for qualitative GIS projects, ensuring consistency and project replication. Qualitative GIS data stored in a database allows for additional visualization options, such as geographic word clouds. To demonstrate the concepts we performed content analysis on Master Transportation Plans from Calgary and Montreal using SpatiaLite, an open source database system. We developed Structured Query Language (SQL) queries to generate and populate groups and theme tables within the SpatiaLite database. We present our database design and queries in the hopes that they will help others conducting qualitative GIS research.